B9 CoalDeploying Fuel Cells to Generate Cheap,

Clean Electricity from Fossil Fuels

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• Efficiency• Cost of the CCS• Captures upwards of 90% CO2

• Lower cost• Flexible output

• High reliability • Lower environmental footprint• Scaleable

Key advantages of IGFC power plants

The next step in the CCS revolution…

…transforming coal from the dirtiest fossil fuel to the cleanest

B9 Coal present the next step in the CCS clean energy revolution

employing a unique Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) process

Addressing both the rising cost of energy and the need to reduce global CO2 emissions it

combines the gasification of coal with the use of hydrogen to generate electricity with fuel cells

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A revolution in clean energy generation

B9 Coal

Underground Coal

Gasification (UCG)

Gas Separation

AFC Energy’s Alkaline Fuel Cell System

Surface Coal Gasification

(SCG)

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Carbon Transport and Storage

Coal can be reacted at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen to produce synthesis gas (syngas)

Gasification

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Gasifying coal in situ carries additional commercial and environmental advantages

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)

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Syngas is cleaned of impurities and split into near pure streams of hydrogen and carbon dioxide

Gas Separation

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The most efficient way of producing electricity from hydrogen

AFC Energy’s Alkaline Fuel Cell

Confidential – B9 Coal

Using the hydrogen from syngas AFC Energy’s fuel cell system is the cheapest,cleanest and most flexible way to produce electricity from fossil fuels

Large Scale Energy Generation

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Depleted Gas/Oil Field

Saline Aquifer

Pipeline Transport• Compressed CO2 is transported in a dense, liquid like phase• Better economically and environmentally than shipping • Large-scale transportation of CO2 in pipelines has taken place for over 30 years in the US • Case Study: Snøhvit project, North Sea Came on stream in 2007, transports 700,000 tonnes CO2 per year for 145km from a liquid

natural gas facility to the Snøhvit oil and gas field

Saline Aquifers• Aquifers are sandstone formations that hold saline water• CO2 is pumped into the sandstone, filling the pore spaces• Largest capacity storage options• Case Study: The Sleipner Project, North Sea

250km off coast of Norway, around 1 million tonnes CO2 removed from the Sleipner West Gas Field per annum and injected into aquifer 800m below seabed

Depleted gas fields Sandstone formations that held natural gas The shale cap which once prevented the gas from escaping now holds in the CO2

Potential field location and geology already well known Reduced costs - number of existing pipelines and rigs could be used Confidence - millions of tonnes of gas and oil already stored securely UK well suited - close to North Sea gas fields

Captured carbon dioxide is compressed, transported and stored in geological structures to prevent its escape into the atmosphere

Carbon Transport and Storage

Compression• Compressed to reduce volume• Compressed to dense phase >90bar

Ship Transport• Trucks or ships are suitable for transportation of

small volumes or over long distances• CO2 is liquefied for ship transport• Shipping of liquefied CO2 similar to shipping

liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)

A revolution in clean energy generation

B9 Coal

Underground Coal

Gasification (UCG)

Gas Separation

AFC Energy’s Alkaline Fuel Cell System

Surface Coal Gasification

(SCG)

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Carbon Transport and Storage

B9 Coal present…

…a game-changing clean energy proposition

Clean Potential for upwards of 90% carbon capture

Green Small footprint power plants: no turbines or other heavy infrastructure; AFC Energy’s fuel cells are made from lightweight recyclable materials and cartridges are refurbishable

Efficient Alkaline fuel cells are the most efficient way of converting hydrogen to electricity; carbon capture as part of the process with no loss of efficiency

Low cost Minimal infrastructure means low capital costs; AFC Energy’s fuel cells are cheap to manufacture; low running costs as fuel cell maintenance is simple

Small footprint No turbines, minimal infrastructure

Fully scalable Modular nature of the fuel cells means capacity can be increased to meet demand

Load following Modular fuel cell system allows output to be increased or decreased with no loss in efficiency

Reliable Alkaline Fuel Cells are 99.999% reliable as they are a solid state technology

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B9 Projects in action…

Project plan • Powerfuel is constructing a large scale IGCC power station with carbon capture capability at Hatfield site• Initial construction will involve 800 MW combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) facility optimised for 'syngas' conversion

and operation• Powerfuel to convert CCGT plant into 900 MW IGCC power station fuelled by extensive coal resources at Hatfield

colliery• The syngas can be used to produce hydrogen as a feedstock for 330 MW of alkaline fuel cells power generationConfid

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B9 Coal

…300MW installation alongside IGCC plant

B9 Coal…

…the future of clean energy

B9 Coal’s low cost, flexible, clean energy

proposition will revolutionise the way we

produce electricity, providing an essential step

in the move to a low carbon future and acting

as a global template for clean energy

generation.

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