b9902001 尤思涵. dopamine and serotonin dopamine 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol...
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B9902001 尤思涵
Dopamine and SerotoninDopamine
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
5-Hydroxytryptamine or 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
Serotonin
Dopamine → brain
(1)Neurotransmitter
Receptors:
1.D1 family (D1, D5 receptors)
2.D2 family (D2, D3, D4 receptors)
Three way of dopamine
1.The nigrostriatal pathway : motor planning , movement, cognition
2.The mesocortical pathway: working memory
3.The mesolimbic pathway: motivation, experience of pleasure, reward.
(2)Neurohormonel: inhibit the release of prolactin
Location and Funtion
Serotonin →gastrointestinal tract
(1)enterochromaffin cells in the gut
intestinal movements
(2)serotonergic neurons in the CNS
mood, appetite, sleep, muscle contraction, memory, learning
(3)blood
Vasoconstrictor, hemostasis, blood clotting.
(4)some types of cells
growth factor
Location and Funtion
Conditions & Treatment
Dopaminelow dopamine → Parkinson‘s disease, social phobia, ADHD,
depressionhigh dopamine → Bipolar mania
reduce dopamine →Antipsychotic medicationsincrease dopamine →levodopa (Parkinson's Disease),
amphetamines (used for ADHD)
some antidepressants.
Serotoninlow serotonin →depression, anxiety disorders, obesity,
migraines, SIDS high serotonin → Serotonin syndrome, migraines,
gastrointestinal problems, certain
types of cardiovascularincrease serotonin → antidepressants, anti-migraine
medications. decrease serotonin → anti-nausea medications, including
odansetron
Conditions & Treatment
Dopamine-producing neurons are targets for nearby serotonin :
Substantial Interaction
dopamine release in the dorsal striatum area of the midbrain
serotonin 2C receptor activation
EX. Chronic treatment with serotonin antidepressants
serotonin 1A receptor activation
stimulate dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex and in the midbrain
inhibit
inhibit
mesocortical pathwaymesolimbicpathway
MoodDopamine plays a central role in the
brain’s reward system, which includes inducing feelings of pleasure and positive mood states.
Serotonin is a well-known contributor to feelings of well-being.Modulation of serotonin at synapses is thought to be a major action of several classes of pharmacological antidepressants.
SleepThe majority of evidence supports involvement of
serotonin and dopamine in the mood improving effects of sleep deprivation.
SerotoninTotal sleep deprivation increases the firing rate of
serotonin neurons in different brain regions in cats and in rats.
Enhanced serotonin activity →sleep deprivationDopamineDecreases in brain dopamine receptor levels can induce
depression, sleep is thought to be accompanied by a reduction of dopamine release.
Sleep deprivation would help to prevent dopamine from reaching low levels.
cognitive performance and sleep
AttentionDopamineThe excess dopamine causes restlessness and
hyperactivity, behaviors that are strikingly similar to those exhibited by children with ADHD.
Serotonin The scientists administered Prozac®-a well-known inhibitor
of serotonin reuptake-to the knockout mice. After ingesting Prozac®, the knockout mice showed dramatic declines in hyperactivity.
Hyperactivity may develop when the relationship between dopamine and serotonin is thrown off balance.
LearningDopamine (DA)-serotonin interactions dealing with learning and
memory functions have been apparent.increased serotonin →detrimental effect on cognitive functionsstrong DA →facilitative effect on cognitive functions
pharmacological disruption of serotonin neurotransmission results in a facilitative effect on the processing of mnemonic information by cerebral regions under strong, functional DA modulation
These effects seem to occur through the interaction of different pre- and postsynaptic DA and serotonin receptor subtypes acting as opposite systems underlying cognitive abilities.