BA 2/24BA 2/24

In a In a paragraphparagraph, why do you think America , why do you think America focuses much of its attention on Europe?focuses much of its attention on Europe?

Ex: History, current problems, alliances for war Ex: History, current problems, alliances for war (Syria)(Syria)

Be sure to explain your answer.Be sure to explain your answer.

In the In the samesame paragraph, do you think paragraph, do you think America should be focusing so much America should be focusing so much attention in this area of the world?attention in this area of the world? Be sure to explain your answer.Be sure to explain your answer.

Unit 4: EuropeUnit 4: Europe

Physical Features of Physical Features of EuropeEurope

Chapter 13Chapter 13

SSWG6 SSWG6

The student will describe the interaction of physical and human The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Europe. systems that have shaped contemporary Europe.

a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on Europe. Europe.

b. Describe the major climates of Europe and how they have affected b. Describe the major climates of Europe and how they have affected Europe. Europe.

c. Analyze the importance of Europe’s coastal location, climatic c. Analyze the importance of Europe’s coastal location, climatic characteristics, and river systems regarding population, economic characteristics, and river systems regarding population, economic

development, and world influence. development, and world influence.

d. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups in Europe and the d. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups in Europe and the influence of geography on those groups and their major customs and influence of geography on those groups and their major customs and

traditions. traditions.

e. Explain why Europe has a highly integrated network of highways, e. Explain why Europe has a highly integrated network of highways, waterways, railroads, and airline linkages. waterways, railroads, and airline linkages.

Location of EuropeLocation of Europe

Europe stretches from the Atlantic Europe stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains & from Ocean to the Ural Mountains & from the Arctic Ocean to the the Arctic Ocean to the Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

4 Landforms of Europe4 Landforms of Europe

4 regional landforms are:4 regional landforms are:

1. 1. Northwest HighlandsNorthwest Highlands

2. 2. Northern European PlainNorthern European Plain

3. 3. Central UplandsCentral Uplands

4. 4. Alpine Mountain SystemAlpine Mountain System

Landforms discovery streaming video

1. Northwest Highlands1. Northwest Highlands Ancient eroded region of rugged hills &

low mountains

Includes the hills of Includes the hills of Ireland, England, the Scottish Ireland, England, the Scottish Highlands, and the mountains of ScandinaviaHighlands, and the mountains of Scandinavia

Includes Northwestern France and some of the Includes Northwestern France and some of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)

Glaciers also carved out fjords along Norway’s coast Fjord: narrow, deep inlets of the sea set between

high rocky cliffs When the glaciers melted, the retreating glaciers left

behind thin soils & thousands of lakes

2. Northern European 2. Northern European PlainPlain

Coastal plain that stretches from France’s Coastal plain that stretches from France’s Atlantic coast all the way to the Ural Atlantic coast all the way to the Ural MountainsMountains

Europe’s most important farming and Europe’s most important farming and industrial areaindustrial area

Very densely populatedVery densely populated

Lots of rivers flowing to the oceanLots of rivers flowing to the ocean Created many river towns and port citiesCreated many river towns and port cities

Examples: Paris and BerlinExamples: Paris and Berlin

Rivers allowed culture & groups to travel, Rivers allowed culture & groups to travel, trade, & migrate throughout the regiontrade, & migrate throughout the region

3. Central Uplands3. Central Uplands

Area of hills & small plateaus along with Area of hills & small plateaus along with forested slopes & fertile valleysforested slopes & fertile valleys Includes Massif Central in France & Jura

Mountains on the French/Swiss border Region stretches northeastward across

southern Germany to the Bohemian Highlands

Most of Europe’s coal fields lie are Most of Europe’s coal fields lie are located herelocated here

Many industrial towns and cities grew Many industrial towns and cities grew near the coal depositsnear the coal deposits

4. Alpine Mountain 4. Alpine Mountain SystemSystem

Includes the AlpsIncludes the Alps

Alps stretch from France to the Balkan PeninsulaAlps stretch from France to the Balkan Peninsula

Peaks over 14,000 ftPeaks over 14,000 ft High elevation causes large amounts of snow, glaciers, & High elevation causes large amounts of snow, glaciers, &

avalanchesavalanches

Mont Blanc is tallest mountainMont Blanc is tallest mountain in system in system Located along French-Italian borderLocated along French-Italian border

Other ranges in Alpine Mountain System include Carpathian Mountains in Eastern Europe, Apennines in Italy & the Pyrenees in Spain/France

Alps have not been a serious barrier to human interaction

Europe’s ClimateEurope’s Climate Europe has 3 major climate types:

1. Marine West Coast2. Humid Continental3. Mediterranean

1. Marine West Coast Found throughout most of northern & western

Europe Southern Iceland & the British Isles Stretches across northern continental Europe from

northern Spain into Poland & Slovakia Rainfall averages btwn 20 & 80 inches a year Temperatures mostly mild & cloudy, drizzly/foggy

Climate continued

2. Humid continental Interior Norway/Sweden south to the Black Sea Has 4 distinct seasons

Cold, snowy winters/mild-cool-humid summers

3. Mediterranean High mountains separate 1st two climates from

Mediterranean Most of southern Europe 10-30 inches of rainfall a year

Rainfall usually comes in mild winters Long, dry sunny summers

Climate Discovery Streaming Video

WaterWater Europe is nearly surrounded by waterEurope is nearly surrounded by water

North: Arctic Ocean, North Sea, & Baltic North: Arctic Ocean, North Sea, & Baltic SeaSea

North Sea: important for fishingNorth Sea: important for fishing

West: Atlantic OceanWest: Atlantic Ocean

South: Mediterranean Sea & the Black SeaSouth: Mediterranean Sea & the Black Sea Mediterranean & Black Sea are connected by Mediterranean & Black Sea are connected by

the Bosporus Straitthe Bosporus Strait

Bosporus Strait: considered boundary Bosporus Strait: considered boundary between Europe & Asiabetween Europe & Asia

Water ContinuedWater Continued Coastline contains 100s of Coastline contains 100s of good natural harborsgood natural harbors

Harbors are usually located near the mouths of navigable rivers, making Europe suitable for trade

Navigable: one that is deep enough & wide enough for shipping

The The Rhine & Danube among Europe’s most Rhine & Danube among Europe’s most important riversimportant rivers Many cities and industrial areas on the banksMany cities and industrial areas on the banks

Rhine: starts in Swiss Alps through Germany & Rhine: starts in Swiss Alps through Germany & the Netherlandsthe Netherlands

Danube: southern Germany Danube: southern Germany

Countries, Peninsulas, Islands, and Rivers video

5 Hazards of 5 Hazards of DevelopmentDevelopment

1. Large amount of pollution enters 1. Large amount of pollution enters Atlantic Ocean from the many European Atlantic Ocean from the many European riversrivers

Due to boats, factories, and large cities built Due to boats, factories, and large cities built on riverson rivers

2. Most of Europe’s forests were cleared 2. Most of Europe’s forests were cleared centuries agocenturies ago

Cleared for cities, houses, and animal Cleared for cities, houses, and animal grazinggrazing

3. Air pollution & acid rain have destroyed 3. Air pollution & acid rain have destroyed lots of forestslots of forests

Hazards of Development Hazards of Development continuedcontinued

4. Overpopulation of large cities4. Overpopulation of large cities

5. Exhaustion of some minerals & 5. Exhaustion of some minerals & natural resourcesnatural resources

Due to the creation of factories, cities, Due to the creation of factories, cities, and machinesand machines