ba 2/5 1. what is the fertile crescent? 2. what is ka’aba? 3. what is shari’ah? 4. how did...
TRANSCRIPT
BA 2/5
1. What is the Fertile Crescent?
2. What is Ka’aba?
3. What is shari’ah?
4. How did conflict among Muslims result in divergent views of their faith?
Africa Review
Bantu people were forced to move south due to bad farming practices that increased desertification Jungles slowed this migration and increased the
spread of the Bantu language Atlantic ocean-west coast Indian Ocean- east coast Mediterranean sea-north coast
Feudalism/Manorial Review
Purpose: Protection for nobles and peasants Economic stability and wealth for nobles Land and food for the poor (video)
Established a rigid class structure Feudalism and nobles power grew because
of Crusades
Feudalism/Manorial Review
Manorial system- a land system in which the lord owns land and loans it to the vassal generally for farming purposes. The land the vassal gets is known as a fief
Feudal system- a social hierarchy in which the king is on top the nobles and the knights offer protection and the serfs are on the bottom working their land (fief)
Feudal System
Manorial System
(Video)
Islam Review
After the 4 “rightly guided” caliphs Islam split Sunni- followers of the most qualified caliph Shia-followers of the caliphs that are decedents of
Muhammad
Religion
Catholicism Led by the pope Pope Urban II Began the Crusades Began to give the title “Holy Roman Emperor” to show
unity between church and state Eastern Orthodoxy
Led by Patriarch with emperor above him. Became religion of Russia after the Byzantine Empire
Both are monotheistic and Christian
Religion Review Cont.
Lay Investiture- kings appointed church officials and the belief that no one could question this appointment
These appointments were removed by the pope stating that only the church could appoint religious leaders and bishops
China Review
Yuan dynasty started by Kublai Khan Ming dynasty helped to increase trade along
the Silk Road Trade increase in Europe and Asia
Byzantine Empire Review
Justinian’s Code Rule of Law restricts the power of the emperor
Constantinople location and geography helped to protect it from invasion and increased trade
Fell due Bubonic Plague Crusades and split of Christianity Foreign attacks
GPS Standard
SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and
expansion of the Islamic World between 600 AD and 1300.
Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe and Africa and
assess the economic impact of this trade. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
3 Reasons for Successful Arab Armies
1. United in belief that they had religious duty to spread Islam Saw conquests as Jihad: fair, defensive warfare
permitted by the Quran ---”struggle in the way of God”
2. Well maintained Muslim armies Byzantine & Persian empires weakened due to Arab
attacks
3. Most conquered people open to Islamic religion Treat conquered people with respect
Persian & Byzantine Empire forced religious unity among people
Ibn Sina
Muslim scholar
Develops medicine as field of scientific study
Writes medical encyclopedia Stresses contagious nature of certain diseases
Shows how diseases can be spread by water supplies
Ibn Battuta
Traveled most of the known world and all of the Muslim world
Wrote a book about his travel
Call for a Crusade
Jerusalem: holy city for Christianity, Islam, and Judaism
Jews: God’s city & site of Solomon’s temple
Christians: Jesus crucified & resurrected there
Muslims: Muhammad ascended to heaven from Jerusalem
Call for Crusade continued
600’s-late 1000’s: Muslims control Jerusalem/Palestine Allow Christians & Jews to live peacefully
Late 1000’s: Seljuk Turks conquer Jerusalem/Palestine Also threaten Byzantine Empire
Threat leaves European rulers concerned for Christians in Palestine & Byzantine Empire
4 Reasons People Join Crusades
1. Knights able to use fighting skills
2. Peasants able to break feudal bond
3. Pope promises all immediate salvation into heaven if fighter dies freeing Holy Land from non-Christians
4. Adventure & possibility of wealth
First Crusade
1096: period of major persecution of non-Christians Especially Jews
3 armies of knights & volunteers travel from western Europe to eastern Mediterranean Killing & massacring many Jews along the way
1099: Crusaders reach Jerusalem
After 2 month siege, Jerusalem falls to Christians Kill most of Muslims & Jews in the area
1st Crusade
3 Results of First Crusade:
1. Reinforces Church Authority
2. Strengthens western Europeans’ self-confidence
3. Feudal states set up in Syria & Palestine Conquered by Seljuk Turks in 2nd Crusade
Third Crusade
1187: Saladin unites Muslim forces & captures Jerusalem
Saladin: Sultan of Egypt & Syria
European emperors from Germany, France & England unite warriors to fight
England’s leader: Richard I AKA: Richard the Lionheart
Saladin
Richard the Lionheart (video)
Third Crusade continued
Saladin respectful to Christians after capture of Jerusalem
Richard the Lionheart brutally massacres Jews & Muslims (video) Trying to force Saladin to surrender
Richard never able to defeat Saladin Saladin keeps control of Jerusalem
Allows Christian pilgrims access
Baby Brigade Occurs in 1212 Youth named Nicholas of Cologne (Germany) announces
God inspired him to lead a “children’s crusade” 30,000 children (18 & younger) join him on march to Mediterranean (video) Want to peacefully convert Muslims in Jerusalem to Christianity
Many die of starvation, cold, or sold into slavery
Movement led to 5th Crusade
5 Effects of the Crusades
1. Helps breakdown feudalism (video)
2. Increases king’s authority Able to increase taxes to raise armies
3. Trade expands in Europe & Southwest Asia
Effects continued
4. Lessens Pope’s power
5. Muslim hatred of Christians & Jews increases Slaughter of Muslims leaves bitterness
among all groups
EA 2/5
Which group of Muslims believe the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad?
What city is a Holy City for Islam, Christianity, and Judaism?