ba 4/18 1. what was the new deal? 2. why did fdr want to create the court-packing bill? 3. why did...
TRANSCRIPT
BA 4/7
Under what circumstances do you think the US should enter a war?
World War IIChapter 24-25
SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal
government.
a. Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response.
b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans.
c. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin.
d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries.
e. Describe the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb.
f. Compare the geographic locations of the European Theater and the Pacific Theater and the difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical
supplies to troops.
WWII Background 1930s: books come out stating US had been
dragged into WWI by greedy bankers and arms dealers Congressional committee records large bank and
industry profits Public calls them “merchants of death”
Americans more determined than ever to avoid war Continue with isolationism
Create Neutrality Acts
Neutrality Acts
Laws passed to keep US out of future wars by banning weapon sales or loans to warring nations
1937: Japan attacks China FDR finds it impossible to remain neutral
Sends weapons and supplies to China
End of Neutrality Acts 1939: Germany, Italy, & Japan sign a defense treaty
& become the Axis Powers Treaty states Axis Powers will defend each other if
attacked
Axis Powers’ treaty designed to keep US out of WWII If US declares war on Germany, Italy, or Japan; we will
have to fight 2 ocean war
FDR offers to give Allies “all aid short of war” in an effort to defeat Axis Powers Allies: Russia, England & France (eventually US)
End of Neutrality Acts Axis powers conquer France
England barely holding on
FDR warns US if England falls, Axis powers will try for world conquest US must defeat Axis powers by becoming “the great
arsenal of democracy”
England has no money to buy war supplies
Leads to lend-lease program
Lend-lease Program
Lend-lease: US will lend or loan weapons & supplies to any country whose defense is vital to US FDR compares plan to “lending a garden hose to
a neighbor whose house was on fire”
Result: ends isolationism in US
Lend-lease buying time
Attack on Pearl Harbor
1937: Japan attacks China Trying to unite all of SE Asia under Japanese
control
Japan using US oil to fight war
1937-1941: Japan taking over Pacific islands under European control Only US islands not under Japanese control
BA 3/31
1. What is the importance of the Wagner Act?
2. What is the goal of the TVA?
3. Why were the Axis Powers created?
4. Describe the lend-lease program.
5. What was the date of the attack on Pearl Harbor?
Attack on Pearl Harbor continued
US stops trading oil with Japan to protest Japanese attacks Without oil, Japan unable to continue war
Japan working a peace treaty with US Secretly planning attack on US
November 1941: US decodes Japanese message of impending attack on US FDR warns US military in Hawaii, Guam, and the
Philippines and waits for attack
Attack on Pearl Harbor continued
December 7, 1941 (8 am): Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Use 6 aircraft carriers & 180 bombers
Pearl Harbor: largest US naval base in Pacific Ocean
Attack lasts for 1 ½ hours
5 Results of Pearl Harbor
1. 2,403 US soldiers killed2. 1,178 US soldiers wounded3. 21 ships sunk or damaged
Nearly the entire Pacific fleet
4. 300 planes destroyed5. US declares war on Japan
FDR: “A day that will live in infamy”
3 days later: Germany & Italy declare war on US
John Garcia at Pearl Harbor
“It was a mess. I was working on the U.S.S. Shaw. It was a floating dry dock. It was in flames. I started to go down into the pipe fitter’s shop to get my toolbox when another wave of Japanese come in. I got under a set of concrete steps at the dry dock where the battleship Pennsylvania was. An officer came by and asked me to go into the Pennsylvania and try to get the fires out. A bomb had penetrated the marine deck, and …three decks below. Under that was the magazines: ammunition, powder, shells. I said “There ain’t no way I’m gonna go down there.” It could blow up any minute. I was young and 16, not stupid.”
Attack of Pearl Harbor
War Mobilization
Once Congress declares war, US begins building war supplies
February 1942: factories converted to build war products Use Ford’s mechanical assembly lines quickly gear
US up for war Car plants changed to make tanks, planes, boats, and
military vehicles Soft-drink companies converted from filling bottles with
liquid to filling shells with explosives
Mobilization continued
US Defense Department concerned not enough men to build war supplies
Creates job opportunities for women & African Americans Unable to work on military products before WWII
Women become 1/3 of labor force (6 million) AKA: Rosie the Riveter
Operate welding torches and rivet guns as well as men Only made 60% white male’s salary
Rosie the Riveter
A. Philip Randolph African American labor leader
Wants to protest discrimination in military & businesses Troops segregated & African Americans unable to work on
war supplies General manager for North American Aviation, “Negroes will be considered only
as janitors. It is the company policy not to employ them as mechanics and aircraft workers.”
July 1941: organizes march on Washington D.C. (est. 100,000 marchers) “We loyal colored Americans demand the right to work and
fight for our country”
A. Philip Randolph continued
FDR fears march will provoke racism or violence
FDR makes a deal with Randolph: cancel the march and FDR will push equality in defense positions
Importance: FDR orders defense employers & labor unions to ban discrimination & hire African Americans Hire without discrimination of race, creed, color, or
national origin
A. PhilipRandolph
Rationing
To prepare for war, US sending all natural resources to war industries
Leads to rationing of meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, rubber, and gasoline
Rationing: coupons for fixed portions of natural resources & goods for Americans
Most Americans saw rationing as a personal contribution to the war effort
Internment 1941: 120,000 Japanese living in US
Most on west coast
After Pearl Harbor, US fears attack by Japanese Americans Rumors they are sabotaging harbors and poisoning vegetables
US sets up internment camps Internment: removal & confinement of Japanese Americans
from California, Washington, Oregon, and Arizona
Result: 110,000 Japanese rounded up & shipped to “relocation centers” Forced to sell homes, businesses, & belongings
Executive Order 9066
Manhattan Project
1939: German scientists split uranium atom Releases massive amount of energy
Albert Einstein writes letter to FDR fearing Germans will make a highly destructive weapon
FDR creates Uranium Committee to study new discovery US starts program to create atomic bomb
Manhattan Project Committee based out of Columbia University in
Manhattan, NY Codename: Manhattan Project
More than 600,000 Americans involved in project around US Biggest laboratory in Los Alamos, NM
Los Alamos: secret research facility designed to develop first nuclear weapons Will coordinate research from other universities around US
Los Alamos creates atomic bombs that destroy Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan
First Nuclear Test in NM Desert
European Theater
European Theater: WWII battle in Europe against Germany & Italy
Start of US attack in WWII Made deal with Winston Churchill to help defeat
NazisBelieve Nazis are more of a threat than Japanese
Winston Churchill: British Prime Minister
Hitler starts Battle of the Atlantic
D-Day
Allies plan to invade France & push Nazis out of Western Europe
Leads to Operation Overlord led by US General Dwight Eisenhower
3 million British, American, & Canadian troops plan to attack Normandy Normandy: Northern France
June 6, 1944: D-Day First day of Allied invasion
Ike with Paratroopers before D-Day
D-Day continued
Midnight: 3 divisions parachute behind German lines Division: 10,000-30,000 soldiers
D-Day: largest land-sea-air operation in army history
Allies take heavy casualties
D-Day continued
After 7 days of fighting, Allies hold small part of France Within 1 month: 1,000,000 Allied troops pushing
through France
Importance: begins Germany’s downfall in WWII
US Survivors from sunken transport ship
Canadians at Juno Beach
UK troops at sword beach
US finds Panzer tank and dead German
June 6, 1944
Fall of Berlin
1944: US & Russians forcing Nazi retreat into Germany Soviet Union under rule of Joseph Stalin
April 1945: Soviet army storms Berlin Berlin: capital of Germany
City and Hitler panic
After 5 days of Soviet bombings, Hitler commits suicide April 29: Marries girlfriend Eva Braun
Shoots himself and Eva swallows poison
Churchill (UK), FDR, Stalin (USSR)
Hitler and Eva Braun
Fall of Berlin continued
Importance: 1 week later, Allies accept Germany’s unconditional surrender ending war in European Theater
May 8, 1945: Allies celebrate V-E Day Victory in Europe Day
Streets of Berlin
Anti-Aircraft Bunker
Soviet Rocket Launchers
Soviet Flag over Reichstag
Pacific Theater
US fighting in Europe & SE Asia at same time
Small amounts of US troops originally sent to Asia
Pacific Theater turns into grueling war of island hopping Massive casualties & heavy fighting on each island
Early WWII: Japan beating US & continues taking over SE Asia Conquers Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, and parts
of Alaska
Japanese territory
Battle of Midway
Midway: US island north of Hawaii used to refuel subs
Japan wants to take island & destroy US naval carriers
US cracks Japanese code & knows about attack
June 1942: US planes attack Japanese fleet Result: Japan loses 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250
planes Japanese official: “Americans had avenged Pearl Harbor”
Importance of Midway
1. Turning point of Pacific War
2. US troops go on offensive Slowly start fighting way to Japan
US victory at Midway
1940's Aircraft Carrier In The Pacific - Rare color footage. This is 16mm color (not "colorized") footage that you may not have seen before of carrier action in the Pacific. Not many color shots in the '40's - extremely expensive then, with a complicated and exacting processing procedure
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=9dR3h2HdnBQ
Atomic Bomb
After Battle of Midway, US slowly advancing on Japan
Brutal island to island fighting costing many US lives Ex: Battle of Iwo Jima: 6,000 Marines KIA
Estimate invasion of Japan will cost 250,000 US troops and 125,000 UK troops
Dropping Atomic Bomb
July 16, 1945: first atomic bomb test Successfully dropped in New Mexico desert
New President, Harry Truman hears news Unaware of Manhattan Project
Becomes President when FDR dies weeks before V-E Day during his 4th presidential term
July 1945: Truman orders dropping of 2 atomic bombs
Dropping Atomic Bomb August 6, 1945: atomic bomb (Little Boy) dropped on
Hiroshima Hiroshima: important military center
70,000 killed, 69,000 injured, 67% of city destroyed
Japan refuses to surrender
August 9, 1945: atomic bomb (Fat Man) dropped on Nagasaki 39,000 killed, 25,000 injured, 40% of city destroyed
September 2,1945: Japan surrenders, ending WWII
End of 1945: 200,000 people dead due to injuries and radiation poisoning
Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima
Ground temp: 7,000 degrees
Hurricane force winds: 980 mph
Energy released: 20,000 tons of TNT
62,000 buildings destroyed
70,000 immediately killed
140,000 killed by 1946
The Manhattan Project
Hiroshima
14 yr old boy
Nuremberg War Trials
Part of WWII peace treaty
Places Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes from the Holocaust 24 Nazi officials tried for crimes against humanity,
peace, and war crimes
Over 200 Nazis imprisoned or executed
Importance: shows individuals are responsible for own actions during war
Impact of WWII
Leads to great prosperity for US Lends money to rebuild Europe
Becomes the world’s superpower
Huge fallout between Soviet Union & US Stalin wants land to compensate USSR for losses
Creation of Atomic Bomb will lead to nuclear arms race between US & USSR
Disagreements between US democracy & USSR communism will lead to Cold War