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BAAQMD CEQA Guidelines Update
Supervisor Lockyer Informational WorkshopSCS & CEQASCS & CEQA
March 19 2011March 19, 2011
Henry HilkenHenry HilkenDirector of Planning and Research
Bay Area Air Quality Management District
Why Update the CEQA Why Update the CEQA G id li ?G id li ?Guidelines?Guidelines?
• Provide guidance to local lead agencies in evaluating air lit i t f l d d l tquality impacts of land use development
• Include thresholds of significance, analytical tools, mitigation measuresmeasures
• Last published 1999, update needed Attain health-based air quality standards for ozone and fine PM Reduce health impacts from toxic air contaminants and fine PM
Highest exposures to toxics & fine PM near roadways, industry GHG reductions to achieve AB 32, SB 375,
• Goal: encourage air quality beneficial land use– Support infill, TOD, mixed use
Mi i i bli h lth i t f d l t2
– Minimize public health impacts of new development
Transportation, Land Use and Air Quality
Transportation, Land Use and Air Qualityand Air Qualityand Air Quality
• Motor vehicles are largest source of air pollution in Bay Area -ozone PM toxics GHGsozone, PM, toxics, GHGs
• Continuing challenges: exceed health based AQ standards; local AQ impacts; GHGsQ p ;
• California vehicle fleet very clean–need to reduce vehicle use• Promote strategies that support 2007 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
By Source for SF Bay Area
Agriculture 1.10%
Transportation
40.60%
g pplivable communities– Infill, mixed use, TOD
By Source for SF Bay Area
Industrial 34.00%
Off-Road 2.80%
– Support MTC, ABAG, local programs– Help implement SB 375
Integrate AQ into local planning
3 Electricity
14.80%
Residential 6.60%
– Integrate AQ into local planning– Use caution near high concentrations
of pollutants
GHG ThresholdsGHG Thresholds Address critical void
No thresholds for GHGs in CEQA previously existed No thresholds for GHGs in CEQA previously existed
Legal scrutiny by AG, environmental groups
Based on AB 32 and Scoping Plan – allows statewide consistency
Thresholds options – land use projects Plan based – consistency with GHG reduction strategy OR
“Bright line” 1 100 metric tons/yr OR Bright line – 1,100 metric tons/yr OR
Efficiency based – 4.6 tons/service population/yr (residents & employees)
Credit for lower vehicle use/efficiencies of infill, mixed use projects
Thresholds will be revisited if/when State guidance available
Consistent w/Office of Planning & Research State CEQA Guidelines
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Provides certainty: legally defensible approach, level playing field
Community Air Risk Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) ProgramEvaluation (CARE) ProgramEvaluation (CARE) ProgramEvaluation (CARE) Program
•Evaluate regional and gcommunity cancer and non-cancer health risks from toxic air contaminantscontaminants
•Supplements long-standing programs to reduce regional smog (ozone particulates)(ozone, particulates)
•Identify sensitive populations
•Focus health risk mitigation measures on locations with
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higher risk levels and sensitive populations
Emissions and Modeled Emissions and Modeled Air Toxics (2005)Air Toxics (2005)Air Toxics (2005)Air Toxics (2005)
Risk-weighted Emissions Modeled Air Toxics Risk
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Demographic & Health DataDemographic & Health DataPopulation under 18 Asthma Hospitalization Rates
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Priority DevelopmentPriority DevelopmentAreas and Air ToxicsAreas and Air ToxicsAreas and Air ToxicsAreas and Air Toxics
Priority Development Areas Modeled Air Toxics Risk
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Encourage Healthy InfillEncourage Healthy InfillEncourage Healthy InfillEncourage Healthy InfillPoor housing site
Good housing site
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Public Health Impacts ofPublic Health Impacts ofPollution Near FreewaysPollution Near FreewaysPublic Health Impacts ofPublic Health Impacts ofPollution Near FreewaysPollution Near FreewaysPollution Near FreewaysPollution Near FreewaysPollution Near FreewaysPollution Near Freeways
• Health studies consistently show that living near highwaysHealth studies consistently show that living near highways has serious health consequences
– Children living near a busy highway more likely to develop th d h i ff i d th tt kasthma and wheezing, suffer increased asthma attacks.
– Exposure to traffic-related pollution, especially fine PM, significantly increases risk of heart attacks and premature death.
P t d l hildh d t i
– Pregnant women exposed to high levels of pollution from cars and trucks are more likely to experience problems with baby’s development, such as low birth weight.
• Pre-term and early childhood exposures to carcinogens are ten times more important than previously estimated
• Local land use decisions play an important role in
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p y pdetermining exposure to air pollutants
•San Francisco ordinance on air quality and infill development
Clean Air Communities InitiativeClean Air Communities InitiativeMultifaceted Approach to Cumulative ImpactsMultifaceted Approach to Cumulative Impacts
REGULATIONS
MONITORING• Mobile Sampling Van• Ambient Monitoring Network
REGULATIONS• Indirect Source Rule• Toxics NSR
MONITORING&
MODELING
REGULATIONS& GUIDELINES
ENFORCEMENT
• Ambient Monitoring Network• Community Monitoring • Local Measurement Studies• Collaborate with Universities and Community Research Monitoring Programs• Portable Sampling Trailers
• Toxics NSR• 2588 Hot Spots Program• Source Specific Rules• Wood Smoke Rule
GUIDELINES• CEQA GuidelinesPRIORITY
COMMUNITIES
GRANTS&
INCENTIVES
OUTREACH&
EDUCATION
p g• Photochemical Monitoring
MODELING• Regional TAC Modeling• Local TAC Modeling• Regional PM and Ozone M d li
• Community Risk Reduction Plans• 2010 Clean Air Plan • General Plan Guidelines• SB375/SCS• Climate Protection Program/GHG Co-Benefits
COMMUNITIES
EDUCATIONModeling • Permit Modeling and
Risk AssessmentENFORCEMENT• Diesel Enforcement Program• Inspection/Enforcement of District Regulations• Enforcement of CARB Regulations• Respond to Complaints
OUTREACH/EDUCATION• Community Grant Program• Collaborate with Local Governments• Collaborate with Health Departments• CARE Program and Task Force • Community Meetings
• Respond to Complaints• Inspection of Grantees
GRANTS/INCENTIVES• Community Grant Program• Bay Area Clean Air Foundation• Resource Teams
• Collaborate with Community Groups• Wood Smoke Outreach
• Bay Area Clean Air Foundation• Carl Moyer Program• TFCA• Mobile Source Incentive Fund• I-Bond/Goods Movement• Climate Protection Grants
Local Community Risks and Local Community Risks and HazardsHazards
• CARE program identifies 6 priority communities in Bay Area
HazardsHazardsp g p y y
– High emissions, concentrations of toxics & vulnerable populations• Quantitative thresholds or plan-based approach
– Address new sources of pollution and new receptors near existingAddress new sources of pollution and new receptors near existing sources (eg, freeways)
– Thresholds address PM and toxic risk– Consider localized impacts – within 1,000 feetConsider localized impacts within 1,000 feet– Consider individual sources and cumulative impacts
• Promote infill, while protecting residentsPotential conflicts ma often be resol ed thro gh• Potential conflicts may often be resolved through site specific analysis and reasonable mitigation
• Encourage community risk reduction plans
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g y p
Community Community Risk Reduction PlansRisk Reduction Plans
Supports community wide planning approach to reduce cumulative impacts
Risk Reduction PlansRisk Reduction Planscumulative impacts
Collaborative effort between local governments & Air District CRRP elements
Define planning area & consider future development plans Establish future goals, emission reduction targets Prepare emission inventories and modeling
Develop & implement emission reduction measures Develop & implement emission reduction measures Monitor progress Public involvement process
Air District preparing local emission inventories Air District preparing local emission inventories Pilot projects underway in San Jose, San Francisco Air District provide funds to local jurisdictions to support
CRRP de elopment and implementation13
CRRP development and implementation
Technical Tools to Technical Tools to S t G id liS t G id liSupport GuidelinesSupport Guidelines
Set of unprecedented technical tools/resources – unique in California and the nationand the nation
Tools/Resources available on District website: GHG Mitigation Measure Quantification GHG Off-Model Spreadsheet Calculator for projects GHG Reduction Strategy Guidance Offsite Mitigation Program Guidance g g Detailed Phased Modeling Methodology Roadway Risk Screening Tables Stationary Source Risk Screening Tables Stationary Source Risk Screening Tables Community Risk Reduction Plan Guidance
Updating tools as new information becomes available
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District provides training classes for local staff District provides ongoing technical assistance to local staff, consultants
Extensive Outreach to Extensive Outreach to Develop GuidelinesDevelop Guidelines
Extensive Outreach to Extensive Outreach to Develop GuidelinesDevelop GuidelinesDevelop GuidelinesDevelop GuidelinesDevelop GuidelinesDevelop Guidelines
11 local government workshops11 bli k h 11 public workshopsPresentations to key officials and staff MTC, ABAG, JPC Mayors’ conferences City managers City managers Bay Area Planning Directors
12 Board of Directors meetings 12 Board of Directors meetingsNumerous meetings with local officials, staff,
stakeholders15
stakeholders
Support for Infill, TODSupport for Infill, TODpp ,pp ,• GHG thresholds
Acknowledge efficiencies of infill take credit for lower vehicle trips– Acknowledge efficiencies of infill – take credit for lower vehicle trips, energy efficiency, etc.
– GHG efficiency threshold supports larger infill projects
• Risk and hazards thresholds– Extensive outreach to local gov’t, developers to improve
understanding receive feedbackunderstanding, receive feedback– Community risk reduction plans integrate with local planning activities– Extensive technical support documents assist evaluations– Case studies confirm thresholds are achievable, while health
protective• Many projects pass screen level evaluations
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Many projects pass screen level evaluations• Many additional projects pass with more site specific analysis and/or
reasonable mitigation
Case Study: The Uptown, OaklandCase Study: The Uptown, Oakland
Project characteristics: 700 multifamily units, 14,000 sq. ft. retail, downtown Oakland
Step 1 – Determine 1,000 foot radius
Step 2 – Identify local roads (>10,000 vehicles/day) and f t bfreeways to be evaluated
Step 3 – Identify local permitted sources
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permitted sources
Roadway Impacts Near The UptownRoadway Impacts Near The UptownHighway 980 @ 700 feet West Grand Avenue @Highway 980 @ 700 feet
PM2.5 = 0.096 ug/m3Cancer = 10 in a million
West Grand Avenue @ 850 feet
PM2.5 = 0.03 ug/m3Cancer = 1.4 in a million
Roads PM2.5 (ug/m3)
CEQA Threshold
Highway 980 0.10 0.30
Highway 123 0 08
Castro Street @ 500 feet
PM2.5 = 0.05 ug/m3
Cancer = 2 4 in aTelegraph Ave @
100 feet
Highway 123 0.08
Castro St 0.05
W Grand 0.03
Telegraph 0 13Cancer = 2.4 in a million
20th St t @ 100 f t
100 feetPM2.5 = 0.13 ug/m3Cancer Risk = 7 in a
million
Telegraph 0.13
20th St 0.13
Broadway 0.03
20th Street @ 100 feetPM2.5 = 0.13 ug/m3
Cancer = 7 in a million
Roads Cancer (cases per million)
CEQA Threshold
Highway 980 10 10
Highway 123 4
San Pablo Ave (Highway 123) @ 100 feet
PM2 5 = 0 08 ug/m3
Broadway St @ 400 ftPM2.5 = 0.03 ug/m3
Cancer = 1.6 in a million
Highway 123 4
Castro St 2.4
W Grand 1.4
Telegraph 7PM2.5 0.08 ug/m3Cancer = 4 in a million
Hazard = 0.02
g p
20th St 7
Broadway 1.6
Permitted Sources Near The UptownPermitted Sources Near The UptownSource PM2.5
(ug/m3)CEQA Threshold
Generator 1 0.01 0.30
Cogen 0 1
Autobody ShopDe minimus risk
Cogen 0.1
Generator 3 0.02
Generator 4 0.02
Air Heater 0 01
Gas Station 2Cancer = 1.4 in a
million
Air HeaterPM2.5 = 0.01 ug/m3
Air Heater 0.01
Source Cancer (cases per million)
CEQA Threshold
Spray BoothDe minimus risk
Autobody ShopDe minimus risk
BoilerDe minimus risk
Gas Station 1 million)
Generator 1 0.6 10
Generator 2 8
Generator 3 0.4
Backup Generator 1Cancer = 0.6 in a
millionPM2.5 = 0.01 ug/m3
Backup Generator 6Cancer = 2 in a million
Gas Station 1Cancer = 1.5 in
a million
Generator 4 0.4
Generator 5 1.1
Generator 6 2
g
Cogen PlantPM2.5 = 0.1 ug/m3
Backup Generator 2Cancer = 8 in a million
Backup Generator 5Cancer = 1.1 in a million
Gas Station 1 1.5
Gas Station 2 1.4
Cancer 8 in a million
Backup Generator 3Cancer = 0.4 in a million
PM2.5 = 0.02 ug/m3
Backup Generator 4Cancer = 0.4 in a million
PM2.5 = 0.02 ug/m3
Case Study:Case Study:Dublin Transit CenterDublin Transit Center
Case Study:Case Study:Dublin Transit CenterDublin Transit CenterDublin Transit CenterDublin Transit CenterDublin Transit CenterDublin Transit Center
Source Value CEQA Th h ld
Single Source ComparisonRecommend 500 ft buffer north of I-580
Reduced to 350 ft buffer by 2015 based on reduced
diesel emissions (will Threshold
BART Generator - PM2.5- Cancer
0.20.09
0.310
G t 1
based on 2012 emissions (AADT
219,000)
diesel emissions (will decrease further in future)
Generator 1- PM2.5- Cancer
0.049
0.310
Generator 2PM2 5 0 1 0 3- PM2.5
- Cancer0.15
0.310
All stationary sources within 1,000 feet also meet cumulative impacts thresholds
BART GeneratorCancer = 0.09 in
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Phase project construction to avoid residential development closest to freeway until 2015
millionPM2.5 = 0.2 ug/m3
Generator 2Cancer = 5 in millionPM2 5 0 1 / 3 until 2015
• Advise setback of 350 ft in 2015
• Locate HVAC intakes away from freeway Proposed Land Use:
Residential Commercial/Office
Open Space BART Parking
PM2.5 = 0.1 ug/m3 Generator 1Cancer = 9 in millionPM2.5 = 0.04 ug/m3
Board Adoption and Board Adoption and Subsequent ActivitiesSubsequent ActivitiesSubsequent ActivitiesSubsequent Activities
Extensive discussions with Board of Directors during 2009, 2010
District Board of Directors approved significance thresholds June 2, 2010 Most thresholds effective immediately
Risk & hazard thresholds for new receptors effective May 1 2011 Risk & hazard thresholds for new receptors effective May 1, 2011
Since adoption, District staff working closely with city & county staff, regional agency staff, consultants, developers, etc. Responding to inquires, providing data & technical assistance
Many meetings and presentations
Tracking implementation Tracking implementation
Reviewing CEQA documents, submitting comments
Local gov’t workshops – Feb./March 2011
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Work with ABAG and MTC to convene PDA/air quality work group
Regional Agency Regional Agency CollaborationCollaboration
Regional Agency Regional Agency CollaborationCollaborationCollaborationCollaborationCollaborationCollaboration
Convened Air Quality/PDA workgroup with ABAG & MTC Identify air quality concerns in Priority Development Areas Support plan level efforts to address air quality impacts and
CEQACEQA Streamline CEQA review of PDAs Coordinate with SB 375 process
Regular staff meetings among ABAG, MTC, BAAQMD Model to calculate benefits of transportation measures in PDAs
R i l t ff ti ith B A Pl i Di t Regional agency staff meeting with Bay Area Planning Directors Association (BAPDA) Coordinate regional programs
22 Support local planning and development
Examples of Good Projects Examples of Good Projects Examples of Good Projects Examples of Good Projects
• Alameda County Climate Action Plan– Set GHG vehicle emissions target for residential projects– Aggressive building efficiency requirements and incentives
• Union City Station Area Plany– Compact, energy efficient, TOD development
• Dublin Climate Action Plan– Mixed use higher density near BART– Mixed use, higher density near BART– Green building ordinance, aggressive waste reduction goals
• Treasure Island Redevelopment PlanC t hi h d it d l t– Compact, high density development
– Innovative parking strategies• City of Santa Clara General Plan update
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– Increased densities, TOD– Develop climate action plan and CRRP
Next StepsNext StepsNext StepsNext Steps Support community-wide planning through CRRPs and climate
ti laction plans Collaborate with regional, local agencies on community-wide
planning in PDA communities Provide technical support to local gov’t, developers
24Poor housing site Good housing site