b_about hypothesis testing examples
TRANSCRIPT
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About Hypothesis
Testing: Examples
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Steps in Hypothesis Testing................................................................................................ 1
Step 4: Make a Decision ................................................................................................. 1
Directional Testing.............................................................................................................. 1
Directional Testing.......................................................................................................... 1
One-Tailed Testing ......................................................................................................... 1
Errors in Hypothesis Testing .............................................................................................. 1
Type I Error..................................................................................................................... 1
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About Hypothesis Testing: Examples
Steps in Hypothesis Testing
Step 4: Make a Decision
It is easier to show that something is false, rather than something is
true. For example, if you were to say that all nationalities speak
English, this claim could be disproved by presenting a nation of non-
English speakers. It would be very difficult to show that speaking
English is a trait common to the entire population.
Directional Testing
Directional Testing
An example of a two-tailed test might be a researchers prediction that
video games will have an effect on school grades. Positive and/or
negative effects are not specified, as some students may benefit from
the activity, while others may face detriments.
One-Tailed Testing
An example of a positive one-tailed test might be that of a researcher
predicting that sporting participation in youth will lead to a healthylifestyle in adulthood.
An example of a negative one-tailed test might be that of a researcher
predicting that an increased police presence in a seedy neighbourhood
will decrease crime in that area.
Errors in Hypothesis Testing
Type I Error
Type I error can have serious consequences.
For example, imagine if a drug company concluded that a new wonder
drug could counter the negative effects of chemotherapy in cancer
patients.
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If the significant result was really a Type I error, then the people who
took the drug would not receive the relief they were anticipating and
may actually suffer adverse effects.
The consequences of a Type II error are not as severe as they are for a
Type I error.
For example, consider the scenario in which the same drug company
claims a drug they have developed has no effect, when it actually
does. In this instance, patients fail to receive a drug that could
potentially alleviate their symptoms; however, the lack of access to
the drug will not cause a decline in their condition in and of itself.