baby boom britain uk population trends 2013 simon oakes fotolia

Baby boom Britain

UK population trends 2013

Simon OakesFoto

lia

Presentation title UK population trends 2013

Presentation outline

1. Baby boom Britain

2. No end to ageing?

3. Migration issues

4. Regional variations

Foto

lia


Definitions test

Economic migrant Someone who has moved in search of paid work

Net migration The sum of people entering an area and people leaving an area; the figure can be negative (a net loss of people) or positive (a net gain)

Fertility rate The number of children a woman gives birth to during her lifetime

Replacement level The fertility rate required to maintain a population at its current size

Crude birth rate (CBR) The number of live births per 1000 people per year

Crude death rate (CDR) The number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Ageing population A population whose median age is increasing

Write out the definitions


Baby boom Britain• The UK fertility rate rose to 1.96 in 2009, its highest value since 1973.

• Much of the new increase can be attributed to foreign-born women living in the UK. Their fertility

rate is relatively high at 2.5 children per mother.

• However, the fertility rate among UK-born women increased independently by 10% between 2005

and 2009, taking it to 1.84 children.

• 33,000 extra babies were born in 2009 compared with 2007.

• There were 220,000 more births than deaths in 2008.

• Natural increase - the difference between births and deaths - has therefore become as important

as immigration in driving UK population growth.

• UK population is now 63.7m, up from 58.8m in 2001.

• Primary-school funding is in crisis, with 256,000 extra places needed for 2014. The crunch will be

worst-felt in places with large migrant populations.


Baby boom Britain

Further echoes took place in

1990 and again in 2012

The massive boom in 1964 was partly an ‘echo’ of the

postwar (1945) boom

Note that population size is 10

million higher than in 1964, so the CBR

remains lower (the data show total

births, not the CBR)


No end to ageing?

• The UK population is still ageing, despite plenty of new babies being born.

• Continuing improvements in healthcare mean that the number of people

aged 85 and over has reached a record 1.3 million. This is the equivalent of

one in every 50 people.

• The population of over 85s soared by 270,000 in 2001 to 1.4 million in the

latest census (this is the fastest growth rate for any age group in the UK).

• By 2066, there are predicted to be over half a million people aged 100 or

over alive in the UK.

• There are now more than 10 million people aged 65 and over.


No end to ageing?

The growth of the 0–15

cohort is actually far

less than that of some

other cohorts The greatest growth rate

is among the over-65s, especially

the over-85sChange in population by age group, 2001–12


Migration trends

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

1000s o

f people

UK net migration 2000-2012

Net migration Immigration Emigration

Net migration is the difference between

in-migration and out-migration. It is hard in practice for the

government to control net migration due to many factors

operating at the same time

If more people emigrate again, asin 2006 and

2008, net migration could fall more steeply in the

future


Migration issues• The UK government has pledged to cut net migration to 100,000 people a year.• This has created problems for universities, which rely on highfees paid by

overseas students. Foreigners with a student visa are the largest group of

migrants whoenter the UK each year.

• Some businesses worry that migration restrictions also threaten the UK’s role as a

global hub — already, some Indian, Chinese and Brazilian TNCs are unimpressed

that they cannot transfer staff to the UK more easily.

• The government is finding it tough to meet its pledge because fewer Brits are

leaving due to the weak pound and fewer opportunities overseas due to the

global recession. This means that net migration figure may rise even if fewer

immigrants arrive.

• Find out more at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-21592765


Migration issues

• The government recently launched a controverisalcampaign against illegal

immigrants (adverts have been driven around some neighbourhoods). Find out

more at: http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul

/29/go-home-campaign-illegal-immigrants

• People disagree over the net benefits that migrants bring to the UK. Find out

more at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/halting-immigration-

would-cost-uk-18bn-in-five-years-8555344.html


Regional variations

• When studying UK population trends,

dont forget that there are marked

regional variations.

• The map shows population increasing

everywhere – but are the causes the

same for each region? Some regions

may experience more migration and a

rise in fertility; in other regions,

increased life expectancy might be the

main cause for growth.

• As exam practice, can you describe

the pattern shown?

Population change 2001–12 for UK regions


Conclusions

• The pyramid shows

changes in the UK

population

structure from

2001 to 2012.

• Try to summarise

the main changes

due to (a)

migration (b)

ageing and (c)

fertility rise.

baby boom britain uk population trends 2013 simon oakes fotolia

Documents

driving uk population

population size

number of people

net loss of people

fastest growth rate

migration trendsnet

massive boom

number of children