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DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY MEDICINE
Bachelor of Health Sciences
Fundamentals of
Health and Disease II
FAMH2004
2018
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INTRODUCTION
Fundamental of Health and Disease (FHD) II is a compulsory, half-year course in the Bachelor of
Health Science (BHSc) degree, offered by the Department of Family Medicine. Although the
course is housed in the Department of Family Medicine, much of the content is taught by a
number of other departments and disciplines. The overall aim of FHD II is to give students a
broader overview of the fundamental concepts, discourse and application of different
disciplines in the field of health sciences with the goal of exposing students to the many
avenues within the health sciences. As there are many facets of health, there are equally many
opportunities for further study and a wide range of career options open to BHSc graduates1.
Many of the fundamental concepts that are covered in the fundamentals of health sociology
(1st year) and this course, are carried over into the 3rd year compulsory course, FHD III.
COURSE OUTLINE
FHD II consists of 7 short modules, each focusing on a particular aspect of the health sciences. A
key concept with which you should be familiar from first year, the biopsychosocial approach,
emphasizes the need to take a holistic, integrated and contextual approach to health and
health care. As such, the 7 modules in FHD II should be thought of as interrelated, even if much
of the material is presented in isolation. Health Sciences are fundamentally multidisciplinary in
nature, and it is important to think about the interrelatedness of the different disciplines.
Here is a brief overview of the 7 modules:
Module 1: Health, wellness, medicine and healing (Department of Family Medicine)
Lectures in this module will look at:
How dominant health narratives are (re)produced and maintained in the health
sciences;
How the health system is set up in South Africa;
The principles and centrality of primary health care;
The nature of patient/provider relationship and the centrality of the biopsychosocial
approach to managing a consultation;
How inequalities and disparities in health exist and are maintained;
The concept of health as a human right, and the kinds of international commitments
made in realising health as a human right;
The role of health advocacy in maintaining health as a human right.
1 It might be useful to revisit the Faculty website, which contains for information about the BHSc: http://www.wits.ac.za/health/academic-programmes/undergraduate-programmes/bachelor-of-health-sciences-bhsc/
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Module 2: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (Department of Family Medicine & the
School of Public Health)
Lectures in this module will look at:
Basic concepts in health promotion and disease prevention, including risks and benefits
of screening;
The history and development of health promotion, and the impact of the Ottawa
Charter;
Different levels of disease prevention and strategies for health promotion at each level;
Health promotion settings;
Patient education and theories of disease prevention;
Tobacco control and smoking cessation as an key example of disease prevention and
health promotion;
Motivational Interviewing as a technique to encourage behaviour change in the
consultation.
Module 3: Epidemiology & Statistics (School of Public Health):
Lectures in this module will look at:
The basic concepts and language of epidemiology and biostatistics;
The background and applications of epidemiology;
Types of study designs and their strengths and weaknesses;
Measures of occurrence;
The differences between risk, prevalence rate and incidence rate;
Types of data, data analysis and how data is presented.
Module 4: General Pathology (Dept. of Anatomical Pathology)
Lectures in this module will look at:
Essential terminology in pathology;
Cell injury and disease (necrosis and apoptosis), inflammation, and healing and repair;
The pathology of tuberculosis;
Disorders of growth;
Thrombosis and embolism;
Ischaemia and infarction;
Congestion and oedema;
Types of shock;
Tumours: benign and malignant;
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Module 5: Pharmacology (Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy)
Lectures in this module will look at:
The history of pharmacology and its basic principles;
Infection control;
The nervous system;
General principles of drug action and kinetics;
Drug laws, drug scheduling and prescription writing;
Drug development, drug regulations, drug safety and pharmacovigilance.
Module 6: Introduction to Infection (Department of Clinical Microbiology):
Lectures in this module will look at:
The classification of micro-organisms;
The infective process, sepsis and antisepsis;
The detection of infection;
Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms;
Infection prevention & control;
Bioethics In Infectious Diseases.
Module 7: Bioethics & Health Law (Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics)
Lectures in this module will look at:
Bioethics as a multidisciplinary enterprise including the relation between medicine, law,
philosophy and religion;
Skills and knowledge in Bioethics and Health Law with regard to patient care, specifically
the importance of principlism;
Privacy, confidentiality and informed consent;
Moral theories in bioethics, specifically the major normative ethical theories such as
Consequentialism and Deontological approaches;
The significance of the nature of persons in bioethics;
Major issues in bioethics through clear case studies, such as abortion and euthanasia.
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LOGISTICS AND TIME TABLE
The FHD II Timetable for 2018 is shown below. The hours are as follows:
Week 1:
Wednesday, January 31st: 15:00 – 17:00
Thursday, February 1st: 15:00 – 17:00
Friday, February 2nd: 15:00 – 17:00
Thereafter:
Mondays: 10:20 – 13:00
Wednesdays: 14:00 – 17:00
Fridays: 08:00 – 10:00
The venues for different sessions change often. Please check the timetable below for specific
venues:
Block 1 Time Table 2018 Day & Date Time Lecture Venue
Module 1: Week 1 – Health, wellness, medicine & mealing (Dept. of Family Medicine)
Wed, 31 Jan
15:00 – 16:00
Orientation: Introduction and overview of FHD II
SPH L1 16:00 – 17:00 Lecture: Telling stories – dominant narratives in health
Thurs, 1st Feb
15:00 – 17:00
Lecture: How are health services delivered in South Africa – The District Health System LT 1
Fri, 2nd Feb
15:00 – 17:00
Lecture: What is Primary Health Care (PHC)? LT 3
Module 1: Week 2 – Health, wellness, medicine & healing (Dept. of Family Medicine)
Mon, 5th Feb
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Disparities in health – why we need a biopsychosocial approach to care LT 1
Wed, 7th Feb
14:00 – 17:00 Tutorial: International commitments to Health as a Human Right 5A08
Fri, 9th Feb
08:00 – 10:00
Lecture: Pathways to healing – understanding the dynamics of the consultation LT 2
Module 2: Week 3 – Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (School of Public Health)
Mon, 12th Feb
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Understanding Health Promotion LT 1
Wed, 14th Feb
14:00 – 17:00
Lecture: Theories of Health Promotion 5A08
Fri, 16th Feb
08:00 – 10:00
TEST 1 – Module 1 (8:00 – 8:45) LT 3 Tutorial: Putting Health Promotion theory into practice
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Module 2: Week 4 – Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (School of Public Health)
Mon, 19th Feb
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Fundamentals of disease prevention LT 1
Wed, 21st Feb
14:00 – 17:00 Lecture: Tobacco & Smoking – strategies for disease prevention LT 3
Fri, 23rd Feb
08:00 – 10:00
Lecture: Patient education & motivational interviewing – how to shift unhealthy behaviours LT 1
Module 3: Week 5 – Epidemiology and biostatistics
Mon, 26th Feb
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Applications of Epidemiology LT 1
Wed, 28th Feb
14:00 – 17:00 Lecture: Introduction to epidemiology and study designs LT 3
Fri, 2nd March 08:00 – 10:00
TEST 2 – Module 2 (8:00 – 8:45)
LT 1 Tutorial: Epidemiology in practice
Module 3: Week 6 – Epidemiology and biostatistics
Mon, 5th March
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Introduction to Biostatistics
LT 1
Wed, 7th March
14:00 – 17:00
Lecture: Introduction to population parameters, sampling and measures used in biostatistics
LT 3
Fri, 9th March
08:00 –10:00 Lecture: Overview of fundamental concepts in biostatistics LT 1
Module 4: Week 7 – General Pathology
Mon, 12th March
10:20 – 11:00
Lecture 1: Introduction
LT 1
11:00 – 11:40
Lecture 2: Cell injury I
11:40 – 12:20
Lecture 3: Cell injury II
12:20 – 13:00
Lecture 4: Healing and repair
Wed, 14th March
14:00 – 17:00
ETHICS ALIVE STUDENT SYMPOSIUM
Fri, 16th March
08:00 – 10:00
TEST 3 – Module 3 (08:00 – 09:00)
LT 1
TEST WEEKS: 19th – 30st MARCH (No class, No FHD 2 test)
MID TERM BREAK: 2nd – 6th APRIL
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Block 2 Time Table 2018
Day & Date Time Lecture Venue Module 4: Week 8 – General Pathology
Mon, 9th April
10:20 – 11:00
Lecture 5: Inflammation
LT 1
11:00 – 11:40
Lecture 6: Tuberculosis
11:40 – 12:20
Lecture 7: Disorders of growth
12:20 – 13:00
Lecture 8: Thrombosis and embolism
Wed, 11th April
14:00 – 14:40
Lecture 9: Ischaemia and infarction
LT 3
14:40 – 15:20
Lecture 10: Congestion and oedema
15:20 – 16:00
Lecture 11: Shock
Fri, 13th April
08:00 – 09:00
Lecture 12: Neoplasia
LT 1
09:00 – 10:00
Lecture 13: Revision of key concepts
Module 5: Week 9 – Pharmacology
Mon, 16th April
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Principles of Pharmacology LT 1 Lecture: A brief history of Pharmacology
Wed, 18th April
14:00 – 17:00
Lecture: Drug laws and scheduling LT 3
Fri, 20st April
08:00 – 10:00
TEST 4 – Module 4 (8:00 – 8:45)
LT 1 Lecture: Infection control Module 5: Week 10 – Pharmacology
Mon, 23rd April
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: The autonomic nervous system and pharmacology
LT 1 Lecture: Treating Cardiovascular conditions
Wed, 25th April
14:00 – 17:00
Lecture: CNS drugs and drugs of abuse
LT 3
Fri, 27th April
08:00– 10:00
PUBLIC HOLIDAY
Module 6: Microbiology Mon, 30th April
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture 1: Man, Microbes and Maladies: Introduction to Clinical Microbiology LT 1
Wed, 2nd May
14:00 – 17:00 Lecture 2: Microbes, molecules and man Bacterial Pathogenesis LT 3
Fri, 4th May
08:00 – 10:00
TEST 5 – Module 5 (8:00 – 8:45)
LT 1 Lecture 3: Antibiotics & Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms
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Module 6: Microbiology
Mon, 7th May
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture 4: Viral zoonotic infections
LT 1
Wed, 9th May
14:00 – 17:00
Lecture 5: The diagnostic cycle: what happens inside a Microbiology laboratory LT 3
Fri, 11th May
08:00 – 10:00
Lecture 6a: Infection prevention & control
LT 1
Lecture 6b: Bioethics in Infectious Diseases: Microbiology for Good
and Evil
Module 7: Bioethics and health law
Mon, 14th May 10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Introduction to Bioethics and Ethical Theory LT 1
Wed, 16th May
BHSc CAREERS DAY
Fri, 18th May
08:00 – 10:00
Lecture: Privacy, Confidentiality, and Informed Consent LT 1
Module 7: Bioethics and health law
Mon, 21st May
10:20 – 13:00
Lecture: Health, Human Rights, and Vulnerabilities LT 1
Wed, 23rd May
14:00 – 17:00
Lecture: Introduction to Health Law and Human Rights LT 3
Fri, 25th May
08:00 – 10:00
TEST 6 – Module 6 (8:00 – 8:45)
LT 1 Lecture: TBA Module 7: Bioethics and health law
Mon, 28th May 10:20 – 13:00
Tutorial: Case Studies LT 1
Wed, 30th May 14:00 – 17:00
Lecture: TBA LT 3
Fri, 1st June
08:00 – 10:00
Lecture: Revision & Exam Preparation LT 1
FHD II FINAL EXAM: 11th June (9:00 – 12:00) FHD II SUPPLEMENTARY EXAM: 12th September (9:00 – 12:00)
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ASSESSMENT
BLOCK 1
Assessment % Description Date
Test 1 7.5% Module 1 – health, wellness, medicine &
healing.
Friday, 16th Feb
Test 2 7.5% Module 2 – Health Promotion & Disease
prevention.
Friday, 2nd March
Assignment 1 7.5%
Test 3 7.5% Module 3 – Epidemiology & biostatistics. Friday, 16th March
BLOCK 2
Test 4 7.5% Module 4 – General Pathology. Friday, 20th April
Test 5 7.5% Module 5 – Pharmacology. Friday, 4th May
Test 6 7.5% Module 6 – Microbiology. Friday, 25th May
Assignment 2 7.5% Integrative narrative report Friday, 1st June
Final Exam 40% Final exam Monday, 11th June
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT BREAKDOWN
Type of assessment Percentage
Class Tests 45%
Assignments 15%
Class Mark 60%
Exam 40%
Total 100%
DUE PERFORMANCE (DP) REQUIREMENTS
DP requirements for FHD II are as follows:
SUB-MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
In order to qualify to write the final exam, students are required to have a sub-minimum
of 40% for their class mark. The class mark is made up of class tests (45%) and
assignments (15%).
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CLASS TESTS
All class tests must be written. In the event that a student misses a test, supporting
documentation (e.g. a doctors note) must be submitted to course co-ordinator, and the
student’s class mark will be adjusted accordingly. Failure to submit requisite
documentation will result in ‘marked absent’ from the test (0%). There are no deferred
class tests. Students are allowed to review their papers at pre-determined consultation
times; however, students are not permitted to keep their test papers.
Each class test is based on the work of one module and will be written on a Friday
morning from 8:00 – 8:45. Students are required to be at the test venue 15 minutes
before the test. The venue for the tests is the same as for the lectures. Tests will include
multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and modified essay questions (MEQs). There are two
types of MCQs used: A-type (choose the best answer); and X-type (indicate which
statements are correct/incorrect). Tests are usually followed by a lecture or tutorial
session from 9:00 – 10:00.
ASSIGNMENTS
All assignments must be submitted. Failure to submit an assignment will result in
exclusion from writing the final exam. Should any student have difficulties with
submitting an assignment on time, they must write to the course co-ordinator to
request an extension.
EXAMS
Students are required to write the final exam, which covers all 7 modules, and counts
40% of the year mark. The exam is 3 hours long and is divided into two parts: an MCQ
section (A-type and X-type questions) and a MEQ (Modified Essay Question) section. If
students fail the final exam or fail to write the exam, they are required to write the
supplementary/deferred exam.
ASSIGNMENTS
There are two equally weighted assignments for FHD II, which build on each other. The first
assignment works to develop a personal understanding of health in relation to one’s own health
narrative, and how our narratives confirm or contradict dominant reproductions of health. It also
challenges the student to think through a set of questions about how the different fields of the health
sciences are interrelated, and how each field might offer insight into one’s personal understanding of
health and wellness. The second assignment builds on the first in that students respond to the
questions they pose in the first assignment, but reflect on the challenges and possibilities for
integration between the different fields in the health sciences through an integrated narrative report.
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Technical requirements for assignments:
Please make sure that all assignments follow the conventions stipulated below:
All assignments must be submitted online, using Sakai.
All assignments must be typed as hand written work will not be accepted.
Please use the following:
o Standard font, e.g. Times New Roman, Arial, Cambria etc.
o Font size 12.
o 1 ½ line spacing
Page numbers must be included.
A cover page must be included with your name, student number, title of assignment, and date
of submission.
All assignments must include a signed plagiarism declaration (see. Appendix 1 below).
Harvard referencing style must be used (Please consult the Harvard Reference Guide posted on
the Sakai page for FHD II).
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
The following platforms will be used to communicate with the class:
a. The SAKAI platform: A SAKAI page has been set up for this course. It is used to ensure
access to all course handouts, lecture notes, reading materials, test results, and class
announcements. Please check the SAKAI page as well as your Wits e-mail regularly. This
course is committed to being as paperless as possible.
b. Wits e-mail: will be used for messages to individuals and also as a backup in case there
are problems with SAKAI. If students require a private consultation with course
coordinators, please request a consultation three days prior via email.
c. Class representatives/WhatsApp group: Students should field any concerns via the class
representatives, who will relay any challenges to the course co-ordinator via email or via
the co-ordinator/class rep WhatsApp group. Likewise, the course co-ordinator will ask
the class representatives to relay any changes or important information to the class via
the class WhatsApp group. The course co-ordinator will not have access to the class
WhatsApp group.
PERSONAL OR ACADEMIC CHALLENGES
Even though FHD II is a stimulating course, the 2nd year of the BHSc degree can be tough and
demanding on student’s time. This is not a course where one can take-it-easy and catch up a
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few weeks before exams. As such, you are encouraged to apply yourself from the start and
work steadily throughout the course.
Please not that there are many avenues of help available should you have problems:
1. Problems with the BHSc degree, generally e.g. timetable clashes, you can contact the
BHSc coordinator, Ms Rukeya Harris.
2. Problems relating to FHD II: you are welcome to make an appointment to meet with the
course co-ordinator to discuss any challenges which may arise in the course of your
studies. Often if a problem is managed appropriately and early enough, the impact on
your work is minimised. If you have problems relating to a specific module, you are
advised to speak to the co-coordinator of that module.
3. For other problems, for example, problems relating to studying, illness, finances, family,
accommodation, residence issues you are urged to make an appointment at the Student
Support centre. For the range of services offered see:
https://www.wits.ac.za/health/faculty-services/office-of-student-support/
CONTACT INFORMATION: GENERAL
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Dr Richard Cooke
Department of Family Medicine
Philip V Tobias Health Sciences Building
Room 433, 4th floor.
HEAD OF DIVISION OF FAMILY MEDICINE
Prof Olufemi Omole
Department of Family Medicine
Philip V Tobias Health Sciences Building
Room 402, 4th floor.
FHD II COURSE CO-ORDINATOR Mr Stephen Pentz
Department of Family Medicine
Philip V Tobias Health Sciences Building
Room 410, 4th Floor.
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Tel: (011) 717-2065
BHSc ADMINISTRATOR
Ms Rukeya Harris
Undergraduate Unit for Medical Education, Office 3T12
Faculty of Health Sciences
Tel: (011) 717-2697
BHSc ACADEMIC CO-ORDINATOR
Ms Nabeelah Bemath
Undergraduate Unit for Medical Education, Office 3T12
Faculty of Health Sciences
Tel: (011) 717-2697
CONTACT INFORMATION: MODULE CO-ORDINATORS
Module 1 & 2
Mr Stephen Pentz – see above.
Module 3 – Epidemiology & Biostatistics
Prof Shan Naidoo [email protected] Administrator: Mr Magang Molobela [email protected]
Module 4 – General Pathology
Dr Peter Swart
Room 3L03; Tel: 011 489 8535
Administrator:
Ms Shamila Dadoo
Tel: 011 717-2028
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Module 5 – Pharmacy & Pharmacology
Dr Neil Butkow
Room: 8Q14 (8th floor), Medical School
Administrator:
Fatima Iqbal
Module 6 – Infection
Prof. Adriano Duse
Room 3T11, Level 3, Wits Medical School Administrator:
Bronwyn Maroun
Module 7 – Bioethics and Health Law
Dr Chris Wareham
Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics; 3rd Floor PVT
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APPENDIX 1: Plagiarism declaration form
FAMH2004: FUNDAMENTALS OF HEALTH & DISEASE II
PLAGIARISM DECLARATION
I, ____________________________________, (Student number: ________________________)
am a student registered for the degree of _____________________________________________
in the academic year ________________.
I hereby declare the following:
- I am aware that plagiarism (the use of someone else’s work without their permission
and/or without acknowledging the original source) is wrong.
- I confirm that ALL the work submitted for the assessment for the above course is my
own unaided work except where I have explicitly indicated otherwise.
- I have followed the required conventions in referencing the thoughts and ideas of others.
- I understand that the University of the Witwatersrand may take disciplinary action against
me if there is a evidence that this is not my own unaided work or that I have failed to
acknowledge the source of the ideas or words in my writing.
- I have included, as an appendix to this assignment, a report from “Turnitin” software
indicating the level of plagiarism in my research document, where stated as a requirement
for the assignment submission.
Signature: _______________________ Date: _________________________