background on concessions best practice anna spenceley
DESCRIPTION
This presentation by Anna Spenceley was delivered at the 'Concessioning tourism opportunities in conservation areas and maximising rural development' workshop, held in Maputo between 19-22 March 2012 (Day 2, Session 6, Integrating sustainability)TRANSCRIPT
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Integrating sustainability: Global and regional experience
Anna Spenceley
20 March 2012, Girrasol Indy, Maputo
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
What is sustainability?ECONOMIC
SOCIALENVIRONMENT
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
ILO, 2011
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
What is sustainability?ECONOMIC
SOCIALENVIRONMENT
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Economic sustainability
� Destination: � regarding wildlife resources, safety and accessibility
� 1 hour from a local airport with reasonable international connections
� Value: � Competitive pricing considering design, facilities, location, wildlife
resources, and services compared to similar destinations
� Interpretation and Activities: � unique wildlife species to be observed
� interesting activities available
� quality guiding and interpretation
� Management capacity: � ability to manage marketing, finances,
logistics, human resources, etc efficiently
� Access to capital:� financing structures that allow for longer term
return on investment are the most beneficial.
ElperWood et al 2003
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Economic sustainability
ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Economic sustainability: Factors important to
holidaymakers when choosing a holiday
TUI, 2010
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USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
What is sustainability?ECONOMIC
SOCIALENVIRONMENT
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
De-
commissioning
Waste disposal
Remediation
Planning
Location
Design
Footprint
Access
Construction
Materials
Waste
Footprint
Operation
Activities
Water use &
disposal
Energy
Materials
Waste
Environmental sustainability
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Environment & Planning
• Project design • Location – sensitive sites• Design standards - siting, design compatibility,
aesthetics, impact reduction re ecological and cultural values (design to minimize negative effects on site and surrounding areas)
• Design for operation – wastewater, water use, energy conservation. Build in energy conservation technology
• Access – by road, air, water and implications• Planning requirements – Environmental Impact
Assessment
Adapted from Ted Manning, Tourisk Inc
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logoMakalali, South Africa
.
© Anna Spenceley, 2007 © Anna Spenceley, 2007
Environment & infrastructure
� Traditional design and techniques
� Use of environmental technologies (e.g. natural
light/cooling; energy efficient appliances; water
conservation)
� Training for artisans / thatchers
/ carpenters
� Sustainable materials
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Biodiversity & facilities
Pankhurst, cited in
Tapper et al, 2008 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Biodiversity & land management
Sabi Sabi, South Africa
Bushmans Kloof, South Africa
Spenceley, 2007
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USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logoDrakensberg Mountains,
South Africa Masaai mara, Kenya
The type of environmental impact depends on the
sensitivity of the habitat to impacts.
Biodiversity & activities
Spenceley, 2007USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Energy
Typical electrical
use breakdown for
a coastal resort
Spenceley et al,
2011
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Energy saving technologies
De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa
Spier, South Africa
Spenceley, 2007
Energy saving light bulbs,
with daylight-sensors for use outdoors – save energy
Solar panels can be used to heat water and power lights
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Waste
ReduceRe-useRecycle
Spenceley, 2007;
Spenceley et al, 2011
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Water
Spier, South Africa
Kruger National Park, South Africa
Spenceley, 2007 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Environmental EducationWatamu, Kenya
Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa
Hluhluwe,
South Africa
Environmental education helps tourists learn a lot about the
places they are visiting
– and how to look after it.
Spenceley, 2007
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What is sustainability?ECONOMIC
SOCIALENVIRONMENT
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Social and cultural sustainability
� Planning and development – consultation
with stakeholders
� Equity structure – involvement of local people
� Culture integrated within design, activities
and procurement
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Protected Area Stakeholders
Adapted from ILO, 2011
Protected Area .Natural
attractions
Tourism concession
Farmers
Community .
Cultural
attractions and
activitiesSmall Medium and
Micro Enterprises
External
activities
Tour operators
Community
based
organisations
Government and authorities
Traditional
authorities
National government
Local government
Conservation
authoritiesTourism facilities
Tourists
Non-governmental
Organisations
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Partnerships, risks and requirements
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Culture in accommodationSpenceley, 2005
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Cultural tours
Spenceley, 2005
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Culture in craft
Spenceley, 2005
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Presentations
Concessions and sustainability in
Chimanimani: Ndzou Camp and MICAIA
Andrew Kingman
Concessions and business sustainability in
Mozambique: Banhine, Zinave, & Banamana
Dave Law
Concessions and sustainability in southern
Africa: Wilderness Safaris
Sue Snyman
Maximizing local linkages into the Tourism
(the value chain – “the trickledown effect”)
Manuel Mutimucuio