baclight newsletter, june 2011

FROM THE DESK OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

QUALITY MATTERS!

situation which has confronted

applicants is where on completion

of studies, the qualifi cation

could not be recognized by the

Council as it was not recognized

by the competent authority in its

home country. Th ese competent

authorities are generally

counterpart national/state

accreditation agencies, Ministries

or other relevant agencies in the

particular jurisdiction for the

parent institution.

With the establishment of the

Barbados Accreditation Council,

citizens and residents of Barbados

should not have to receive such

unfortunate news if they fi rst

seek to obtain the recognition/

public. Th e Council is urging

members of the public to

ascertain the recognition of

prospective institutions and

their off erings before investing

money, time and other resources.

Th e reality is that from time

to time, applicants have been

informed by the Council that

their prospective programme

of study or institution will not

be recognized by the Council

as it is not recognized in its

home country by the relevant

competent authority(ies).

Issuing such information

can be disheartening not

only to customers but also

to the Council. Th e other

“Your Gateway to Global Recognition” JUNE 2011 | Vol.5 No. 1

public. Th e

members

ascertain t

prospective

their off erin

money, time

Th e reality

to time, ap

informed b

their prosp

of study or

be recogni

as it is n

home cou

competen

Issuing

can be

only to

to the

Chairman’s Word 2From the Desk of the Executive Director 3Focus on Registered Educational Providers 410th Bienniel INQAAHE Conference 4

Accredibase Report 2011 6 Fake Degree Scam Exposed 7BAC News 9Around the Region 10

WHAT’S

INSIDE:

“What you don’t know

could hurt you” can

be found on one of the

Council’s posters which

promotes its recognition

s e r v i c e s

to the

general

Continued on page 3

BAClight Newsletter, June 2011, Vol. 5, No. 1 | 1

BAClight draft.indd 1 10/12/2011 10:30:24 AM

CHAIRMAN’S WORD

bring consistency, greater effi ciency and excellence in tertiary education.

Th is article shows some of the approaches made by Barbados to embrace a quality assurance (QA) system in tertiary education. It further highlights Barbados’ ‘buy in’ and ownership of the system through its investment in the Barbados Accreditation Council (BAC). It also demonstrates that key approaches such as commitment, consistent planning, fi nancial and human resources, internal and external partnerships and stakeholder involvement, must be embarked upon in order to ensure the successful implementation of an effi cient and eff ective system.

Policy makers, in QA systems, have identifi ed a number of the challenges encountered by small states. Among them are: lack of funds, absence of trained personnel, limited knowledge of quality assurance systems, convincing persons to ‘buy into’ the idea and lack

of political will and support from governments.

At the regional level, Caribbean territories under the CARICOM umbrella, brought attention to these challenges and in early 2000 spearheaded an initiative to enhance quality assurance in the region. Under the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas 2001, Articles 35 (2) and 46 respectively, policies were instituted to set up national bodies to deal with the accreditation and equivalencies of qualifi cations and the movement of skilled Caribbean nationals.

Th e Barbados Government welcomed this impetus and was quick in setting up a national infrastructure to fully implement a quality assurance system in tertiary education. Th e Barbados Accreditation Council (BAC) was established through an Act of Parliament on 15 December 2004 and became operational in May 2006 as the sole government agency with responsibility for assuring quality and integrity of post-secondary and tertiary education and training in Barbados. Th e government of Barbados is responsible for the investment resources of the BAC.

ap

Chairman, Ms. Yvonne Walkes, SCM, JP

Continued on page 8

“Quality is something you work at. It is a learning process” (Claudia Levy)

At the beginning of the twenty-fi rst century,

Barbados, like the rest of the Caribbean and some other small developing states, lagged with the implementation of a robust quality assurance system in tertiary education. Small states recognised that if they were to be relevant and competitive in a globalised world, they needed to adopt systems that would

2 | BAClight Newsletter, June 2011, Vol. 5, No. 1


“ENHANCING ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION IN A

GLOBALIZED ENVIRONMENT: THE QUALITY IMPERATIVE”

Conference Sub-Th emes include:

• Enhancing Academic Services and On and Off Campus Life to Maximize Student Success • Online

Learning: Issues and Trends • Cross Border Tertiary Education: Challenges and Opportunities •

Tertiary Education Accessibility and Financing • ICTs and E-Libraries • Student Learning and

Retention • Pre Conference Workshop theme is entitled

“Strategies and Initiatives to Attract and Retain Students to Meet the Quality Imperative”

Log on to for more information

accreditation status of institutions

and/or programmes of study.

One of the strategic interventions

that would facilitate the

recognition of local qualifi cations

will be the National Qualifi cations

Framework (NQF) of Barbados.

Amongst other benefi ts, the NQF

would: (i) provide for a seamless

system between academic and

technical, vocational education

and training; (ii) provide for

a unifi ed system of credits, as

credits would be assigned to

each level of qualifi cation; (iii)

facilitate transfer of credits

between tertiary institutions;

and (iv) encourage lifelong

learning opportunities through

informal and formal educational

routes. Th e Barbados NQF will

be a critical component of the

proposed Human Resource

Development Strategy which

is currently being debated in

the House of Parliament. As

soon as this national initiative

is approved, readers will be

apprised further on the NQF, in

future BAClight editions.

Until then, the Council

anticipates you will enjoy reading

this edition of BAClight!

Valda V. Alleyne (Ms)Executive Director

Continued from page 1



FOCUS ON REGISTERD

EDUCATIONAL PROVIDERS

The ongoing economic recession which is being

felt in the Caribbean, has challenged the restructuring and reorganizing of businesses, so as to compel their repositioning in order to remain competitive within the market place.

Th e demand for market share and a focus on fi nancial returns may be seen by most as important. It however would be shortsighted, if management at the enterprise level did not pay close attention to human resource development as part of the overall package in the reordering process.

Employers and management personnel are therefore encouraged to take an objective look at repositioning their businesses through the empowerment of their human resources. It is advisable that management embarks on a plan of training and retraining of their staff . Th is training and retraining ought to be seen as key components to the success of any enterprise, as training has proven to signifi cantly contribute to improved levels of effi ciency, productivity and the delivery of high quality service.

In responding to the needs of the market, Regional M a n a g e m e n t Services Inc. off ers high quality workplace training programmes which are suited to all levels of staff . It is our aim to create a better understanding by all employees and employers of the following:-

Th e best practices to be observed in the work place

Workplace policies and procedures

Terms and conditions of services

Legal responsibilities and obligations

Th e management of workplace issues

Emerging issues in the work environment.

Dennis de Peiza

Managing Director

Regional Management Service Inc

P.O. BOX 845

Bridgetown

Barbados

Tel: 246-230-9322

E-mail: [email protected]

i. The 10th Biennial INQAAHE Conference was held from April 4 – 7, in Madrid, Spain. It was hosted by the Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de La Calidad Y Acreditación (ANECA), the quality assurance agency in Madrid, Spain and had as its theme “Quality Assurance: Foundation for the Future”.

Th ere were four (4) subthemes:

i. Globalizing forces and national/regional goals

ii. Professionalization of Quality Assurance (QA)

iii. Eff ective QA processes for diversity, development and sustainability; and

iv. Independence of quality assurance vis a vis diff erent stakeholders

Th e four PreConference workshops focused on the following topics and were well attended:

i. Standards, Learning Outcomes and Programme Accreditation

ii. Managing an External Quality Assurance Agency

iii. Internal QA Systems within Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs); and

iv. Eff ective Site Visits

10TH BIENNIAL INQAAHE CONFERENCE10TH BIENNIAL



Th e address delivered by His Royal Highness the Prince of Asturias, Prince Felipe de Borbón y Grecia was the highlight of Opening Ceremony. In his address, His Royal Highness reiterated the need for top quality education globally in order to increase production effi ciency, competitiveness, the employment rate and well being of nations. He further lauded the INQAAHE whose work “contributes to creating a space where diff erent academic and cultural traditions can meet and obtain mechanisms to know each other and to generate mutual trust”.

Dr. Nadia Badrawi, President of the Arab Network for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ANQAHE) delivered a dynamic presentation during the fi rst Plenary Session where she spoke on the topic of “Globalizing Forces and National/Regional Goals”. Dr. Badrawi stated that globalization, through the prevalence of information communications technology, has resulted in the emergence of joint degrees, satellite campuses, global certifi cates and franchising, amongst other current trends. Th e participants noted that the fast growing QA services, such as institutional and programme accreditation, were increasing globally in tandem

with increasing trade education services. Dr. Badrawi reiterated that globalization will require review and revamp, even of the approaches used by External Quality Assurance Agencies (EQAAs) especially as these relate to cross border education and distance education/e-learning.

In terms of opportunities, Dr. David Woodhouse, Past President, INQAAHE in his Closing Remarks, stressed the need for EQAAs to undertake self evaluation by asking questions such as: How well have we done? Is it good enough? – By asking these questions, a sense of “fi tness for purpose” within the organization should emerge. In terms of hope for the future, Dr. Woodhouse emphasized that the concept of “fi tness for purpose” must be the guiding principle where institutions defi ne clear outcomes and report on them equally through an external quality assurance system. His word of caution for EQAAs was:

“Quality” is not what EQAs do! “Accountability for Quality”

is what both Insititutions and EQAs do!”

Th e Conference attracted over 300 participants from quality

assurance agencies and tertiary/higher educational institutions and related government Ministries worldwide.

Th e Caribbean was represented by aproximately ten (10) persons drawn from Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. Papers were presented by Dr. Sandra Gift and Ms. Jacqueline Moniquette of the University of the West Indies (UWI), Dr. Ethley London and Dr. Angela Penny of the University Council of Jamaica, Mrs. Lorna Parkins of the Caribbean Accreditation Authority on Medicine and Other Health Professions, Dr. Louis Whittington of UWI; and Mr. Mervyn Extavour, President of the National Association of Technical, Tertiary and Professional Educators of Trinidad and Tobago and Treasurer of CANQATE.

From a cultural and social side, participants would have enjoyed the historical and modern sites and beautiful scenery that Madrid had to off er tourists. In addition, invited participants were treated to a dinner in the dining area of the famous Real Madrid “Santiago Bernabéu”football stadium which off ered a fantastic view of the colossal stadium.

10TH BIENNIAL INQAAHE CONFERENCEL INQAAHE CONFERENCE



The 2011 annual Accredibase™ report into

diploma and accreditation mill activity has

revealed an stounding 48% increase worldwide in

the number of known diploma and accreditation

mills in the past year alone. As the Internet is

the primary home for these bogus education and

accreditation providers, little action is taken to stop

them from helping unscrupulous candidates deceive

unsuspecting employers. Th is year’s Accredibase™

report examines the current status of the diploma

mill situation and considers what can be done to

protect the public and businesses.

According to the 2011 report, the USA remains

the world’s fake college capital. Th is year has seen

a 20% increase in known diploma mills in the US,

with the number rising from 810 to 1,008. While

more than 40% percent of the diploma mills operate

in California, Hawaii, Washington and Florida, the

report reveals that District of Columbia has seen

the sharpest increase among US states with 74%,

rising from 19 to 33 mills over the past year.

Country Number % Change

Californa 147 10

Hawaii 98 4

Washington 91 5

Florida 84 47

Texas 68 28

New York 55 25

Arizona 44 57

+44 (0) 1234 834670www.accredibase.com | [email protected]

Accredibase News

Accredibase Report 2011 Reveals 48% Increase In Fake Universities

Californa 147 10

Washington 91 5

Texas 68 28

Arizona 44 57

Country Number % Change

Louisiana 42 8

Delaware 37 42

District of

Columbia 33 74

United Kingdom 339 25

Italy 43 207

Belgium 36 33

Netherlands 34 13

Switzerland 21 31

Ireland 20 25

Germany 13 0

Spain 12 33

Austria 11 0

France 11 57

Th e UK remains Europe’s bogus university capital

with 57% percent of European diploma mills

claiming to operate from its shores.

Th is year has seen a 25% increase in known diploma

mills in the UK, with the number rising from 271 to

339, whilst in Europe as a whole the total number

has risen from 454 to 593, an increase of 31%.

Diploma mills are largely online entities whose

degrees are worthless due to the lack of valid

accreditation and recognition. Th e wide reach and

anonymity of the Internet off ers these operations

the perfect market to exploit, which is alarming not

just for prospective employers but for society as a

whole. ■ See the full report at www.accredibase.com



Three Beijing-based education

companies are under

investigation aft er more than 100

company executives paid nearly

10 million yuan (US $1.5 million)

only to fi nd out their promised

Columbia International Institute

degree certifi cates were worthless,

the capital’s Haidian district

prosecutors announced Monday.

Eight suspects from three

education and training companies

were arrested on charges of illegal

operation in late May, according

to Zhou Zhicheng, a Haidian

district prosecutor investigating

the case.

Two suspects surnamed Yu and

Hu had founded the Bozhiruida

Technology and Education

Company in 2008, he said.

Without any qualifi cations the

company began to enroll students,

mostly corporate executives,

promising them business

degrees from a private institute

headquartered in New York, one

of the US’s so-called degree mills,

Zhou told the Global Times.

Th e degrees are not recognized

by either US or Chinese offi cial

educational accrediting bodies,

Zhou said.

“To get the degrees, students

needed to attend 12 lectures

within a year and hand in a thesis

in Beijing.”

Th e company later signed

cooperation agreements with two

other companies to bring in more

students.

Th e companies hired teachers

from top universities at a

minimum 10,000 yuan a lecture

to teach at changing venues,

Zhou said.

“We don’t have evidence to prove

the teachers were aware of the fact

that they were part of the illegal

operation,” he said, “but I believe,

only for myself, that they knew

exactly what they were doing.”

Executive victims had hailed

from Fortune 500 companies,

Zhou said, but insisted he must

protect their privacy.

Most victims were not really

so innocent, human resource

experts say. Th ey just wanted to

buy an easy business degree.

“It’s certain that most people

attending these classes knew

the certifi cate was fake,” Li Zhe,

a public relations executive

of British human resources

consultancy Antal International

in Beijing, told the Global Times

Monday.

“Anyone at their level would

have sensed it. Th ey just needed

the degree for comfort: Th ese

kinds of MBA degrees play a very

limited role in high-level talent

recruitment.”

Haidian People’s Procuratorate

had handled seven other fake

certifi cate cases involving

7,968,000 yuan from January to

May, Li Zizhou, an employee of

the publicity offi ce of the Haidian

People’s Procuratorate, told the

Global Times Monday.

Former Microsoft China chief

Tang Jun has been trapped in

fake degree scandal since last July

when Fang Zhouzi, known for

his fi ght against academic fraud,

revealed that Tang graduated

from a degree mill called the

Pacifi c Western University. ■

Source: Accredibase, July 2011

AROUND THE WORLD

BEIJING PROSECUTORS ARREST 8 IN FAKE BEIJING PROSECUTORS ARREST 8 IN FAKE DEGREE CERTIFICATE SCAMDEGREE CERTIFICATE SCAM

BEIJING PROSECUTORS ARREST 8 IN FAKE DEGREE CERTIFICATE SCAM



Furthermore, Barbados can feel honoured to be one of the fi rst three countries in the Region to have a fully functioning accreditation body. From 2006 to 2010 the BAC has issued 725 Skills Certifi cates and verifi ed 1500 to 12 CARICOM states including Barbados. Th e Council’s mandate includes the: issuing of Certifi cates of Recognition of CARICOM Skills Qualifi cation, in accordance with the provisions of the Caribbean Community (Movement of Skilled Nationals) Act 2004, to eligible CARICOM nationals and the verifying of Certifi cates issued by other Member States to CARICOM nationals; building and sustaining of relations with regional and extra-regional a c c re d i t a t i on / re c o g n i t i on bodies; evaluating foreign-based qualifi cations to local awards; registering new and previously registered tertiary education providers and conducting technical workshops to facilitate the registration and accreditation process for tertiary educational providers.

Since 2006, the Council has set in motion a number of mechanisms to ensure that offi cers, institutional personnel and providers have on-going training in quality assurance processes. Technical and developmental workshops focusing on curriculum design and


CHAIRMAN’S WORDCHAIRMAN’S WORD

development, registration, quality indicators for programmatic and institutional accreditation, as well as workshops for evaluators and external reviewers have been constantly executed to ensure excellence in education and training. A CANQATE Core Group, established among providers, took on responsibility to assist in ‘creating a quality culture’, in tertiary education, in Barbados.

Th e Council has also established partnerships and membership with a number of national, regional and international agencies to assist in carrying out its mandate. Agencies including the Barbados Immigration Department, CSME Focal Point, the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Council, the Association of Caribbean Tertiary Institutions (ACTI), the Caribbean Area Network for Quality Assurance in Tertiary Education (CANQATE), the Accreditation Council of Trinidad & Tobago (ACTT), the University Council of Jamaica (UCJ), the Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions (CAAM-HP), the International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) and the National Recognition Information Centre for United Kingdom (UK-NARIC), assist the Council with the exchange of information and quality

assurance standards and practices from diff erent parts of the world.

Promotion and marketing within BAC, also plays a vital role in allowing the public to be part of this world-wide phenomenon. Th rough an ongoing promotion and marketing drive, the public is informed of the Council and its mandate, with promotion via various media, including advertorials in the print and electronic media. It also engages in public information sessions and career fairs with private and public sector agencies, institutions and providers to disseminate vital information. BAC has also established a website and works through other social networks in its eff ort to further sensitize the public on the importance of quality assurance systems.

Amidst fi nancial hardships, Barbados is committed to moving ahead to ensure that it sets up an enabling structure that provides numerous tools to shape, guide and assure quality education, training and skills development for its citizens. Accreditation of institutions is in progress and to assist stakeholders to further meet their needs, the BAC is embarking on a workshop in October 2011.

Furthermore, BAC has begun to investigate existing policies, procedures and systems for the

Continued on page 12



On March 25, 2011 the BAC

continued its mandate

to assist tertiary education

providers with the registration

process, with the hosting of its

fourth Registration Workshop.

Th e workshop attracted 18

representatives from various

local educational providers. Th is

workshop included additional

material with the guides for

writing eff ective evaluative

reports being discussed. Th e

participants were given the

opportunity to write evaluative

statements, in a practical

component which allowed for

group work. Th e evaluative

report is a requirement for

registration.

Th e participants indicated the

following as the most important

information they learned during

the workshop:

How to prepare the

evaluative report

Examples as guidelines for

evaluative statements

Th e process of registration

Completion of Registration

(Writing of Evaluative

Reports)

Benefi ts of registration

Th e process of having

external evaluators every 3

years

How to write evaluative

statements using the

registration criteria

Tips on how the process of

acquiring health and fi re

certifi cates can be accelerated

Some of the benefi ts from

being registered

Help is available

Th e participants expressed their

gratitude for the informative and

free workshop in this present

economic climate.

Registration Workshop

This summer, BAC was pleased

to facilitate the 6-week

internship of Ms. Charlene

Prescod of the Samuel Jackman

Prescod Polytechnic. Ms.

Prescod successfully completed

the Certifi cate in Offi ce

Administration, and has since

started studies in the Diploma

in Offi ce Administration. She

is due to graduate in June, 2012.

We wish her every success in her

future endeavours.

Ms. Charlene Prescod M Ch l P d

Summer Intern

BAC launched its internal

newsletter BACyard in

January this year. Th e monthly

newsletter is circulated to the

Board of Directors and staff .

Th e contents consist of self

improvement and motivational

articles, highlights of BAC and

staff achievements, changes to any

BAC services, a calendar of the

following month’s events, jokes,

poems and tips on customer

service excellence.

Internal Newsletter

Launched



BRANDED AS THE ‘BEST TRAINING PROGRAM EVER’ BY THE FACILITATORS, The Caribbean Area Network for Quality Assurance in Tertiary Education (CANQATE) successfully conducted the fi rst Peer Review/Evaluator training for the region. The workshop, held at the PomMarine Hotel from July 18 – 21, 2011, attracted sixteen (16) representatives from CANQATE member countries: Antigua, Barbados, Commonwealth of Dominica, Guyana, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad & Tobago. In her Welcome Remarks, Ms Valda Alleyne, President of CANQATE remarked, “Globally, higher or tertiary education as it is commonly called within the Caribbean is undergoing transformation as a result of globalization which has resulted in the liberalization of the sector and facilitated cross border education so that there are diverse providers and programmes of study.

that their commitment to quality is signalled through the implementation of internal quality assurance systems that meet standards/criteria established by external quality assurance agencies” as “citizens are becoming cautious about their investment in time, money and effort to attain higher level qualifi cations.” The President also urged the EQAAs to form strong partnerships with the tertiary/higher education educational providers.

“External Quality Assurance Agencies (EQAAs) are therefore being challenged to think “outside the box” by developing quality assurance frameworks that are robust enough to deter “diploma mills” and other unscrupulous providers from fraudulent practices; but conducive enough to encourage genuine investors in the provision of quality tertiary education.”

Ms Alleyne advised that institutions should “ensure

CANQATE BUILDS CAPACITY

IN PEER REVIEW TRAINING

One group deliberating during the break out session

A smaller group reviews the information given at the workshop



workshop comprised multimedia presentations, focused discussions, simulations, and an intensive writing laboratory. In closing, the President outlined the next steps; and the participants were presented with their certifi cates in a short closing ceremony. Dr Francis Severin, Head, UWI Open Campus, Dominica delivered the Vote of Thanks.

It is anticipated that the competencies gained by the participants will be realized through the transfer of knowledge in their home countries and through the offer of skills in regional peer review activities.

President, Quality Assurance and Institutional Advancement of the University at Trinidad and Tobago (UTT). Dr Alleyne is a leading Quality Assurance (QA) practitioner who has worked throughout the CARICOM in quality assurance in higher education for over a decade.

Mr Stafford is currently the Manager, Institutional Advancement of UTT and is the former Manager, Institutional Advancement of ACTT. Mr Stafford has worked in the area of higher education quality assurance, institutional research, planning and policy development for the past six years.

The highly interactive training

Ms Valda Alleyne, President, CANQATE (fourth from right, sitting); Mr. Mervyn Extavour, Treasurer, CANQATE (second from left, standing); Dr. Ruby Alleyne, facilitator (second from left, sitting); Mr. Jason Stafford, co-facilitator (third from left, standing) and the workshop participants

Ms Alleyne continued to highlight the achievements of CANQATE over the past 2 years, which included the launch of the new website at www.canqate.org that allows for social interaction amongst members; the awarding of scholarships to the International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) Conference which was held in Spain, April 2011; and the Peer Review Training Workshop.The workshop was developed and delivered by consultants Dr Ruby Alleyne and Mr Jason Stafford. Dr Alleyne was the founding Executive Director of the Accreditation Council of Trinidad and Tobago (ACTT) and is presently Vice-

Facilitator, Dr Ruby Alleyne taking the participants through the paces



TERTIARY EDUCATIONAL PROVIDERS... you cannot afford to be without

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Prospective students are now choosing to attend and pursue ONLY

Accredited Institutions and Programmes of Study.

Apply for your

ACCREDITATION STATUSTODAY.

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTAC T:

Telephone: (246) 436-9094 | Email: [email protected]: http://www.bac.gov.bb


development and implementation of a National Qualifi cations Framework (NQF) in Barbados. Th e NQF is part of a wider Human Resource Development Strategy for the country. Earlier eff orts to assist with quality assurance were organised through a project Management Committee which included a component for developing an Accreditation Equivalency Articulation (AEA) framework. Th e BAC’s Equivalency Committee has also been able to establish over 100 precedents. In terms of articulation/transfer of credits, Barbados has made notable progress, with some local tertiary institutions reaching agreements with regional and extra-regional institutions in various areas.

‘Buy in’ and ownership of a quality assurance system, in tertiary education, needs commitment, consistent planning, fi nancial and human resources, internal and external partnerships, and stakeholder involvement. Th is is a work

Remember the words of Peter Drucker

“Quality in a service or product is not what you put into it,

it is what the customer gets out of it”.

in progress for the BAC but Barbados is demonstrating that quality is possible, even when resources are limited. Barbados is therefore, prepared to take on the challenge by putting appropriate

CHAIRMAN’S CHAIRMAN’S

WORDWORD

measures in place so that, like some other smaller states, it can be a player in tertiary education and training in any part of the world.



baclight newsletter, june 2011

Documents

th e council

th emembers

timeth e reality

recognition s e r

residents of barbados

highlights barbados

quality assurance qa

th ese competent authorities