badminton racket - 2

7/28/2019 Badminton Racket - 2

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SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Badminton Rackets

Lecturer : Dr hab. in. Janusz WIEK

Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials

Prepared by : Efekan BAKIR

Gliwice 2012-2013


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CONTENT

1.Introduction

2.Badminton Racqueto 2.1.Parts of Badminton Racquets and Special

Materials

2.1.1.Frame 2.1.1.1.Aluminum and Graphite

2.1.2.Strings 2.1.2.1.Nylon 2.1.2.2.Natural Animal Gut

2.1.3.Handle 2.1.3.1.Cotton and Elastic

3.Information about materials4.How to choose racquet?5.Conclusion6.References


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1.Introduction

Badminton takes its name from Badminton House, a royal manor in

the English county of Gloucestershire where it is widely considered the

formal birthplace of the racket sport. Although evidence of badminton datesas far back as the ancient Greeks some 2000 years ago, it is now an Olympic

sport and played all over the world. Historically, badminton rackets were

made from wood, but due to their cumbersome nature and heavy weight, the

materials and the shape changed drastically. Badminton rackets have been

made from a variety of different materials since the game was invented,

including wood to present-day aluminum and alloy metals. In addition to the

equipment's frame, taut strings are strung across the face of the racket.

2. Badminton Racquets

Badminton racquets are lightweight, with top quality racquets

weighing between 70 and 95 grams (2.4 to 3.3 ounces) not including grip or

strings. They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon

fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic) to solid steel, which may be

augmented by a variety of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent strength

to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer. Before the

adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such

as aluminium. Earlier still, racquets were made of wood. Cheap racquets are

still often made of metals such as steel, but wooden racquets are no longermanufactured for the ordinary market, because of their excessive mass and

cost. Nowadays, nanomaterials such as fullerene and carbon nanotubes are

added to rackets giving them greater durability.

Figure1:Wood Badminton Racquets


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There is a wide variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the

racquet size and shape. Different racquets have playing characteristics that

appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available,

but an isometric head shape is increasingly common in new racquets.

2.1. Part of Badminton Racquets

Badminton rackets are light, with top quality rackets weighing

between about 80 and 100 grams (with strings). Modern rackets are

composed of carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic), which may

be augmented by a variety of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent

strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer.

Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, rackets were made of wood

to their excessive weight and cost.

Figure2:Badminton racquets parts are frame , head , throat , shaft , handle and

strings.


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2.1.1.Frame

Modern-day badminton rackets are typically made from alloy metals

such as aluminum,graphite and composite materials. These metals are cast

by the manufacturer in an iron mold and heated until the racket's shape is

created. Aluminum and other lightweight metals are used so that a player

can handle the racket efficiently and effectively when attempting to strike a

fast-moving shuttlecock in the air. These metals also allow for adequate flex

in the racket, which can provide added power to a return shot or serve.

Other present-day materials include kevlar, titanium or lightweight stainless

steel. Head , throat and shaft also made from the same material with from

because of these parts are included frame.

Figure3:Most important 5 points

2.1.1.1.Aluminum and Graphite

The badminton racket frame is normally made from lightweight, man-

made metals such as aluminum. This is because most players believe that

the lighter the racket, the more manageable and maneuverable it is.

Lightweight rackets are also thought to move more quickly through the air

and with more freedom, helping trace and hit fast-moving shuttlecocks.

Other players, however, prefer a heavier racket because it provides morepower and reduces shock.


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These rackets of differing weights are not made from different

materials; the heavier racket is simply made with more graphite fiber. The

standard weight of a badminton racket should be between 2.8oz (80g) and

3.5oz (100g).

Figure4:Aluminium Racquets

2.1.2Strings

Stringing the badminton racket is also typically done by machines due

to the tightness required to make a high-quality piece of equipment. When

strung, a racket's face strings have an equal length on the main and cross

strings, thus creating a sweet-spot in the middle of the face. The tension on

a normal racket' face is between 22 and 25 pounds, depending on your

preference. Strung in a crisscross pattern, these strings provide for a highly

durable surface you can use to execute precise and consistent shots during

a game of badminton.

2.1.2.1.Nylon

Nylon is used to make the strings of a badminton racket. The synthetic

material is cheap to produce but strong and long lasting. Nylon string sizes

are designated by gauge number. The lower the gauge value, the thicker the

string. Thicker nylon strings give control and durability but sacrifice power.

Thinner synthetic strings provide power to a player's shots but are prone to

wear, tear and breaking.


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2.1.2.2.Natural Animal Gut

Interestingly, some badminton players still prefer animal gut strings

because they give rackets more feel, control and power. They also absorb

shock and reduce vibration on the user's playing arm. Natural animal gut is

costly, however, and doesn't last as long as other synthetic strings.

2.1.3.Handle

The badminton racket handle has eight bevels: the two wide bevels,

the two narrow bevels, and the four diagonal bevels.

Figure5:A wide bevel Figure6:A norrow bevel

At the end of a badminton racket handle, there is a cap, which is

usually marked with the manufacturers logo. Imagine that this cap is an

octagonal clockface. In this guide, I number the bevels anticlockwise,

starting from one of narrow bevels.

2.1.3.1.Cotton and Elastic

Badminton towel grips are made from cotton and elastic. They can be

bought to slip over the more common rubber racket grips and are used by

professional players due to their perspiration-absorbing qualities.


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The cotton compounds in the grip absorb excess body moisture

ensuring that a strong hand grip remains constant and gives the user more

control and confidence in his stroke. Because grips are made from cotton

compounds, the material can be dyed in various colors, allowing players to

customize their rackets.

Figure7:An elastic grips

3.Information about materials

The materials used in modern day rackets are much stronger and

lighter, which has changed the way badminton is played. Materials such as

graphite, X-Fullerene and synthetic nylon are the main components of a

badminton racket.

Badminton rackets have been used in various types of racket sports as

long ago as the 5th century. Although, the form of the modern racket can be

traced to the mid to late 1800s where the game started to take shape.

How is the evoulation of Badminton Rackets? Rackets have been made

from many different components since the 1800s. The shafts and frame have

been constructed with everything from wood to steel to aluminum to the

lighter, tougher metals of today's racket. The strings of the racket have been

made with a few different types of animal hair, most popularly horse hair,

but today are made of a polymer nylon which will be explained later in the

article.

What is racket made of ? The racket, simple in appearance, has many

detailed components that make up the final product. The popular athletic

brand, Yonex, has almost 40 badminton racket models alone, all of which


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are designed according to gender and playing style. While these rackets are

diverse, their components are the same.

Head- The head is the stringed portion of the racket. Today, almost all

strings are synthetic. Synthetic nylon with tiny filament strings are the most

widely used, although platinum strings are becoming more popular.

Shaft - The shaft of the racket has two layers. The main portion of the

shaft is graphite. The graphite is specifically generated to fit the desired

playing style. Graphite is just as strong as steel, but weighs considerably

less. A new development in racket technology is the outer layer of the shaft,

which is X-Fullerene. "X-Fullerene is used in the resin which bonds the

Carbon fibers and creating the cross-link construction. The tenfold increase

in binding force makes it possible to create 5 percent higher repulsion and

15 percent greater stability

4. How to choose racquets?

How tightly to have your racket strung is another subjective matter.

Modern day badminton rackets can withstand tensions up to about 30 lbs,

however most players would not have it anywhere near this tight. Typically,

players have rackets strung at around 18-23 lbs, although some top

professionals would be nearer the 30 lb mark. It is a common misconception

that the tighter you have it strung, the more power you get. In fact the

opposite is true! Lower tensions give you more power, whereas highertensions give a far greater level of control over the shuttle. String tension is

another example of personal preference, but as a rule of thumb something

around the 21 lb mark is common for most amateur players.

Heavier rackets are mostly preferred by players who have much

stronger wrists and can therefore make use of the weight of the racket to

extract more power from it. So unless you are in this category, I would

suggest you purchase one that is not too heavy.The weight should not

exceed more than 100 grams.

A majority of racket manufacturers use 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U to indicate the

weight of the racket, 1U being the heaviest and 4U the lightest. The weight of

high quality rackets range from 83 grams to 100 grams.

Most racket manufacturers provide four grip sizes. In Japan, they

range from G2, G3, G4 to G5 where G2 is the biggest size and G5 is the

smallest size. In some countries, the opposite applies. Some brands go by

small, medium and big sizes.


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Choose a grip size that you feel comfortable with. Generally, attacking

players prefer bigger grips as they need to hold the racket more tightly to

generate power.Players who like to rally and make use of deception usually

prefer a smaller grip so that the racket is easier to turn in their hands.

5.Conclusion

The beginnings of badminton can be traced to mid-18th century

British India, where it was created by British military officers stationed

there. Early photographs show Englishmen adding a net to the traditional

English game of battledore and shuttlecock. The sport is related to ball

badminton, which originated in Tamil Nadu, and is similar to Hanetsuki

which originated in Japan. Being particularly popular in the British garrisontown Poona (now Pune), the game also came to be known as Poona. Initially,

balls of wool referred as ball badminton were preferred by the upper classes

in windy or wet conditions, but ultimately the shuttlecock stuck. This game

was taken by retired officers back to England where it developed and rules

were set out.

To sum up In ancient times wood was using as a material but wood is

so weight for this sport. After development they try to use aluminium and

graphite for frame, it is light , resistant and smaller then wood one.At the

end of developing they change and improve badminton racket stringstension.


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6.References

http://www.badminton-information.com http://badmintonleaf.blogspot.com http://www.livestrong.com http://www.badmintonwarehouse.com http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.ehow.com http://www.prospeed.com.my http://khelmart.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Khelmart-

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