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TRANSCRIPT
TRANSPARENCY AND
INTEGRITY
FROM COMPARATIVE DATA TO
ACTION
Paloma BAENA OLABE
XXVI Seminario Permanente de Administración y Economía
Pública, Madrid
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Ru
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Ind
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La
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Bra
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Ind
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So
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Afr
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% Percentage points % in 2014 (right axis) Percentage points change since 2007 (left axis)
Declining levels of Trust in Government
Confidence in national government in 2014 and its change since 2007
Source: Gallup World Poll
Strong negative correlation between
corruption and confidence in government
WHAT DO WE KNOW?
LOOKING FOR ACTIONABLE POLICY INSIGHTS
Comparative data is at the core of
OECD work and added value
Principios Rectores
Analisis
Discusion
Decisiones
Implementación
Seguimiento
Datos
Peer Reviews y Foros de
Discusion
Estudios de Caso
Comites
Integridad y Anticorrupción:
Instrumentos y Principios Rectores
Standards of conduct among public officials
• G20 Principles on Asset Disclosure by public officials (2012)
• G20 Guiding Principles for Whistleblower Protection Legislation (2011)
• OECD Recommendation on Guidelines for Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public
Service (2003)
• OECD Recommendation Improving Ethical Conduct in Public Service (1998)
Interaction between public and private sector
• OECD Recommendation on Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying (2010)
• OECD Recommendation Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement (2008)
• OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (2011)
Bribery in international transactions
• OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International
Business Transactions (1999)
• OECD Recommendation for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in
International Business Transactions (2009)
OECD COMPARATIVE DATA
[ OPEN AND INFORMED DECISION MAKING ]
Majority of countries have a central function
responsible for conflict of interest policies within the
central/federal government
Countries with a central function (not necessarily an independent agency) responsible for the conflict of interest policies
Source: OECD 2012 Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest
Countries also have targeted conflict of
interest policies
Specific conflict of interest policy for particular categories of public officials
Source: OECD 2012 Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest
Disclosure levels vary by branch of
government
Source: OECD (2014), Lobbyists, Governments and Public Trust, Volume 3: Implementing the OECD Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying, OECD, Paris .
And within branches, e.g. by type of public
officials in the executive
Source: OECD, (2014), Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection
Level of disclosure and public availability of private interests by the level of public officials in the executive branch
Lobbying regulation is being increasingly
introduced
Source: OECD (2014), Lobbyists, Governments and Public Trust, Volume 3: Implementing the OECD Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying, OECD, Paris .
Introduction of lobbying regulation, 1940-14
Responding to internal and external demand
Source: OECD (2014), Lobbyists, Governments and Public Trust, Volume 3: Implementing the OECD Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying, OECD, Paris .
Again, with important variations across
countries (e.g. actors)
Again, with important variations across
countries (e.g. activities)
Comparative data, that goes into the specifics of what is going on
(input and output), is essential to guide government reform. Some
encouraging efforts in this regard (e.g. bribery). But more needed.
Beware of compartmentalization (e.g. tools, “public sector, private
sector”). Successful design of integrity and transparency policies
requires systemic thinking. One can not achieve impact without
the other.
Keep the big picture as the guide. Investing in transparency,
investing in integrity matters a great deal for our progress as
societies. Today, perhaps more than ever.
Concluding thoughts
OECD Foreign Bribery Report 2014
+ 50% in
just 3 sectors: extractives, construction, transport
