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Bahawalpur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bahawalpur

City

BahawalpurLocation in Pakistan

Coordinates: 292344N 71411ECoordinates:292344N 71411E

Country Pakistan

Region Punjab

District Bahawalpur District
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Tehsil Bahawalpur Tehsil

Union councils 36

Government[1][2]

Nazim ----------------

Naib nazim

Area City 2,372 km2 (915.8 sq mi)

Elevation 461 m (1,512 ft)

Population (2011)[3]

City 855,509

Density 838/km2 (2,170.4/sq mi)

Urban 545,103

Time zone PST (UTC+5)

Summer (DST) PDT (UTC+6)

Website www.bahawalpur.gov.pk/

Bahawalpur Government Website

Bahawalpur (Urdu: ), located in theprovinceofPunjab, is the twelfth largestcityin Pakistan. The city was once the capital of the formerprincely stateofBahawalpur. Thecity was home to variousNawabs (rulers) and counted as part of theRajputanastates(now Rajasthan, India). The city is known for its famous palaces such as theNoor Mahal,Sadiq Ghar Palace, and Darbar Mahal, as well as the ancient fort ofDerawarin theCholistan Desertbordering India. The city is located near the historical and ancient citiesofUch andHarappa, which were once a stronghold of theDelhi Sultanate and IndusValley Civilisation. The city is home to one of the few natural safari parks in Pakistan,Lal Suhanra National Park.

In 2007, the city's population was recorded to have risen to 798,509 from 403,408 in1998.[4]Punjabi & Saraiki is one of the few local languages, while Urdu is wellunderstood and Englishis the official languages used in various educational andgovernment institutions. Bahawalpur is located south of the Sutlej Riverand lies in theCholistan region near the Thar Desert. It is situated 90 km from Multan, 420 km fromLahore, and 270 km from Faisalabad.

The main crops for which Bahawalpur is recognised arecotton,sugarcane,wheat,sunflower seeds, rape/mustard seed andrice. Bahawalpurmangoes, citrus, datesandguavasare some of the fruits exported out of the country. Vegetables includeonions,

tomatoes,cauliflower,potatoes and carrots. Being an expanding industrial city, thegovernment has revolutionised and libertised various markets, allowing the caustic soda,cotton ginning and pressing, flour mills, fruit juices, general engineering, iron and steelre-rolling mills, looms, oil mills, poultry feed, sugar, textile spinning, textile weaving,vegetable ghee and cooking oil industries to flourish.[5]

Contents
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[hide]

1 History 2 Geography and climate 3 Demographics 4 Flora and fauna 5 Economy 6 Culture 7 Education 8 Transport 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 References

12 External links

[edit] History

Main article: Bahawalpur (princely state)

Theprincely state of Bahawalpur was founded in 1802 by Nawab Mohammad BahawalKhan II after the breakup of the Durrani Empire. The city is large at over 451 kilometreslong. Nawab Mohammad Bahawal Khan III signed a treaty with the British on 22February 1833, guaranteeing the independence of the Nawab. The state acceded to

Pakistan on 7 October 1947 when Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V Bahadur[6]

decided to join Pakistan at the time of independence. Bahawalpur became a province ofPakistan in 1952 and was merged into the province of West Pakistan on 14 October 1955.When West Pakistan was divided into four provinces Sindh, Balouchistan, NWFP,and Punjab Bahawalpur became a part of Punjab.[citation needed] And it is also the largestdivision of punjab area wise 45,588 km Divisions of Pakistan and also largest district ofpunjab areawise Districts of Pakistan 24,830 km Districts of Pakistan.

[edit] Geography and climate

The city, which lies just south of the Sutlej River, is the site of the Adamwahan Empress

Bridge, the only railway bridge over the Sutlej in Pakistan. It is situated 90 km fromMultan, 420 km from Lahore, 122 km from Burewala, 90 km fromVehari, 270 km fromFaisalabadand about 700 km from the national capital, Islamabad. The west region of thecity is called the Sindh. It is a fertile alluvial tract in the Sutlej River valley that isirrigated by floodwaters, planted with groves of date palm trees, and thickly populatedforests. The chief crops are wheat, gram,cotton,sugarcane, and dates.MangoSheep andcattle are raised for export ofwool and hides. East of Bahawalpur is the Pat, or Bar, atract of land considerably higher than the adjoining valley. It is chiefly desert irrigated by
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the Sutlej inundation canals and yields crops of wheat, cotton, and sugarcane. Farthereast, the Cholistan, is a barren desert tract, bounded on the north and west by the Hakradepression with mound ruins of old settlements along its high banks; it is still inhabitedby nomads.[citation needed]

The climate is mainly hot and dry. In the summer the temperature reaches the high forties(Celsius) during the day and the nights are slightly cooler. Since the city is located in adesert environment there is little rainfall. Weather conditions reach extremes in bothsummer and winter. The average temperature in summer is 33 C (91 F) and 18 C(64 F) in winter. The average rainfall is 20 to 25 cm annually. [citation needed]

[edit] Demographics

Bahawalpur is one of the largest districts of the Punjab, covering an area of 24,830 km2.It has peculiar demographic, topographic and geographical characteristics. The district issituated almost in the center of the country at an elevation of 152 meters from the sea

levels. The population of Bahawalpur district increased from 1.453 million in 1981 to2.411 million in 1998, showing a growth rate of 3.88% per year as compared with 3.3%for the entire Punjab. Population density has increased from 59 in 1981 to 97 in 1998, ascompared with 353 for the Punjab. The majority of Bahawalpur's residents speakSaraiki,while Urdu,and Englishare common languages used in various educational andgovernment institutions. The principal inhabitants of the region surrounding Bahawalpurare Jat and Baluchi people.[citation needed]

[edit] Flora and fauna

This article may containoriginal research. Please improve it by verifying theclaims made and addingreferences. Statements consisting only of original researchmay be removed. More details may be available on thetalk page. (June 2011)

The most commonly seen animals in the city include the hog deer, ravine deer, blackbuck and blue bull. Fox, jackals, hares, wild boars, porcupines, mongoose, arks, owls andhawks are also found in large numbers.

The Bahawalpur Zoo, is located in Bahawalpur. Spread over an area of several acresinside the city, it contains a variety of animal species, including Asiatic lions, Bengaltigers, hyenas, leopards, and peacocks. The zoo has a collection of 130 animals and 700

birds from tropical regions, particularly those found in the Cholistan region. The zoooccasionally breeds and supplies animals to other zoos in the country. It also has anaquarium and zoological museum with stuffed rare birds and animals.

Located 35 kilometres east of the city is the Lal Suhanra National Parkhousing largeanimals including lions and rhinoceros.

[edit] Economy
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Darbar Mahal, a former palace of the Nawabs of Bahawalpur

Irrigation from canals such as this provides the city with fertile soil for crop production.

Bahawalpur lies at the junction of trade routes from the east, south-east, and south. It is acenter for trade in wheat, cotton, millet, and rice grown in the surrounding region. Dates

and mangoes are also grown here. Canals supply water for irrigation. The principalindustries are cotton ginning, rice and flour milling, and the handweaving of textiles.

Soapmaking and cotton ginning are important enterprises; cotton, silk, embroidery,carpets, and extraordinarily delicate pottery are produced. Factories producing cottonseedoil and cottonseed cake were built in the 1970s. It is an important marketing center forthe surrounding areas and is located on the crossroads between Peshawar, Lahore, Quettaand Karachi. Bahawalpur is also known for its distinctively embroidered slippers andshoes and filigree pottery.

Bahawalpur has only one railway bridge, the Adamwahan (Empress) Bridge, over the

Sutlej River, and also has rail links with Peshawar, the capital ofNorth-West FrontierProvince and Karachi, the capital ofSindh (which is 899 km from Bahawalpur), makingit an important rail centre. The surrounding area is mostly agricultural, which allowsagricultural exports to many parts of the world. There is also a large market town formangoes, dates, wheat, sugarcane, and cotton that brings in continuous demand all yearround. It has soap making and cotton spinning factories, as well as enterprises producingsilk and cotton textiles, carpets, and pottery. Bahwalpur has sugar mills that provide someof the export market out of the country.
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Punjab is Pakistan's most fertile province, rich in both agriculture and ancient history. Itis also one of the more stable of the country's regions. The prosperous and hospitabletown of Bahawalpur is a gentle introduction to the area, which makes the city an idealtourist destination. From here one can journey into Cholistan - a sandy wasteland dottedwith nomadic communities and windswept forts - or theLal Suhanra National Park, an

important wildlife reserve. Further north is Harappa, which is an important site of theIndus Valley Civilization. Bahawalpur is the most southerly town in the Punjab. Thereare daily flights from Islamabad about 555 km (344 mi) away. Most of the majordestinations in the Punjab can be reached by car, bus, coach, and train.

[edit] Culture


The Cholistan Jeep Rally is held in the city every year in the Cholistan desert

Derawar Fortis on the outskirts of the city in the Cholistan Desert

The city of Bahawalpur has a rich heritage and is an important hot spot for historians aswell as archeologists. Bahawalpur is known for its cotton, silk, embroidery, carpets, and

extraordinarily delicate pottery. The Punjab Small Industries Corporation (PSIC) hasestablished a Craft Development Center for Cholistan area, outside Farid Gate,Bahawalpur from where handicrafts manufactured in Cholistan can be purchased. Someof the souvenirs produced in the city include:

Flassi - 4 ft by 7 ft, made of camel hair and cotton yarn; it is used for wallhanging, as a decoration piece and a carpet.
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Gindi or Rilli - Made of small pieces of many colors of cotton cloth andneedlework; they can be used as wall hangings, bed covers, carpets and blankets.

Changaries - Like big plaques, these are made of palm leaves in different brightcolours with beautiful patterns and geometric designs. These are used for keepingthe 'chapattis' and also as a wall decoration.

Khalti - Like a purse embroidered on top with multicoloured threads. Artwork - An attractive type of embroidery done on dupatta, kurta and chaddar,

etc.

The main shopping centers of Bahawalpur are Shahi Bazaar, Machli Bazaar, Farid Gateand the Mall. The commercial area in Satellite Town is a newly developed center that isgaining popularity. A few shopping malls, including Bobby Plaza, Takbeer ShoppingMall, Time, and Prince, cater for all kinds of needs. Shopping is a major attraction in thecity; the city is bustling with traders and craftsmen selling all sorts of artwork fortravellers and tourists.

Noor Mahallit at night after being newly renovated

East of Bahawalpur is the Cholistan Desert, which covers an area of about 15,000 km2and extends into the Thar DesertofIndia. The region was once watered by the HakraRiver, known as the Saravati invedic times. At one time there were 400 forts in the areaand archaeological finds around the Derawar Fort, the only place with a perennialwaterhole, indicate that it was contemporaneous with the Indus Valley Civilisation. Theaverage annual rainfall is only 12 cm, and the area's scant cultivation is made possible byunderground wells, drawn up by camels. The water is stored in troughs, built by thetribes, between sandhills and din waterholes called tobas. The people are racially similarto those in Rajasthan - tall, with sharp features. They live in large, round, mud and grasshuts, usually built on the top of sandhills. On the whole, they are pastoral and nomadic.The main tribes are the Chachar, Mehr, Lar, Paryar, Channar, Chandani and Bohar. The

forts here were built at 29 km intervals, which probably served as guard posts for thecamel caravan routes. There were three rows of these forts. The first line of forts beganfrom Phulra and ended in Lera, the second from Rukhanpur to Islamgarh, and the thirdfrom Bilcaner to Kapoo. Built with double walls of gypsum blocks and mud, they are allin ruins now. Some of them date back to 1000 BC, and were destroyed and rebuilt manytimes.
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Even with all the markets and forts, one thing for which Bahawalpur is recognised aboveall others is the numerous palaces that still remain intact ever since the fall of theNawabs. There are countless palaces in the city, locally known as Mahals. Some of themost famous include:Noor Mahal, Gulzar Mahal, Darbar Mahal, Shimla Khoti SadiqGhar Palace and Darbar Mahal. The city also has a city gate called Farid Gate, which in

its heyday provided the only entrance to the city for its rulers. The gate still remains andis now located in a busy market in the inner city. The Bahawalpur MuseumandBahawalpur National Libraryhouse various collections of coins, medals, postage stampsof the former state of Bahawalpur, manuscripts, documents, inscriptions, wood carvings,camel skin paintings, historical models and stone carvings from Islamic and pre-Islamiceras. There is a complete set of medals of all classes issued by the ex-state to its militaryofficers, civilians, and other important citizens of the ex-state.

The city also has several mausoleums of prominent leaders who fought and defended theregion over several thousands of years. Some of the most prolific include the tombs ofChannen Peer Tomb Yazman and Mausoleums of Haugha Sahib. There is also an old fort

of Munde Shahid, 50 km from Bahawalpur and Marot Fort, which are considered to beantiquities. A place outside the Marot Fort is known as 'Baithak Maula Ali'. The tomb ofNaugaza is located in the Munde Sharif Fort.

[edit] Education


Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur designed byA. R. Hye

The city boasts a number of reputable educational establishments, most notablyTheIslamia University of Bahawalpur, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, and Sadiq PublicSchool, which is one of the largest boarding schools in Pakistan. Other top schoolsinclude Beaconhouse School Bahawalpur,The City School (Pakistan), Bloomfield HallSchools, Askari Kids College, Umm al qura school, Progressive Schooling System, Dar earqam School, Jinnah Public School, Rangers Public School and College, The ClimberPublic School, Army Public School, Salsaal Public School, and Dominican ConventSchool. Notable universities and colleges include: Government Sadiq Egertin College(Post Graduate College),Punjab College Bahawalpur, Arrshhouse College, GovernmentDegree College, Government Sadiq Degree College for Girls, The Islamia University ofBahawalpur, Government College of Technology, Government Sadiq College of
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Commerce, Government Polytechnic Institute, Government Polytechnic Institute ForWomen, Government Technical Training Institute,Government Technical High SchoolBahawalpur, Allama Iqbal College of Commerce and Government Para Medical School.

[edit] Transport


Bahawalpur is well connected with various cities in Pakistan. The city has its own airportbuilt by the Dubai Civil Aviation Department and theCAA. Bahawalpur Airportlinks thecity with various Pakistani cities such as Dera Ghazi Khan, Islamabad, Karachi andLahore with the national flag carrier,Pakistan International Airlines. The airline haslaunched international flights to Dubai, and plans to introduce more internationaldestinations. There are daily train and bus services from Multan, Lahore, Sukkur and

Karachi to Bahawalpur.taxicabs and rickshaws are plentiful in the city. Cars are alsoavailable for hire in the city.

[edit] Gallery

Daewoo Terminal, Bahawalpur

Market Inside Farid Gate

Farid Gate, Bahawalpur
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Noor Mahal

Sadiq Dane High School, Bahawalpur

Entrance of Dring Stadium

Bahawal Victoria Hospital

Sheikh Rashid Air Terminal, Bahawalpur Airport
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