balancing chemical equations - wordpress.com · parts of a chemical equation zn + 2hcl ---->...
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Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemistry
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What is a Chemical Reaction?A process in
which elements and compounds combine to form new substances.
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Reactants & Products
Chemical reactions are shown by a chemical equation containing
reactants and products.
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Reactants & Products
Reactant: a substance that is present at the beginning of a
chemical reaction.
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Reactants & Products
Product: a substance that is produced during a chemical
reaction
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Coefficients & Subscripts
Coefficients and subscripts are present in chemical formulas to
tell how many atoms or molecules are present.
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The arrow
The arrow in between the reactants and products means
that a chemical reaction is taking place.
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Parts of a Chemical Equation
Zn + 2HCl ----> ZnCl2 + H2REACTANTS PRODUCTS
CHEMICALREACTION
CoefficientSubscript
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When writing chemical equations, the Law of Conservation of Mass
has to be a priority.
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Definition of Law of Conservation of Mass:
matter is never created or destroyed
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Why is this important?The total mass of the reactants HAS TO BE the same as the total
mass of the products. That’s why we must count atoms!
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Rules
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Rules of Balancing Chemical Equations:1. You can only add a
coefficient in front of a chemical formula.
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Rules of Balancing Chemical Equations:2. You cannot change any subscripts and you cannot add any subscripts.
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Rules of Balancing Chemical Equations:4. You MUST end up with the same number and kind of atoms on both sides of the equations when you are finished.
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Examples
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Original equation
4Na + O2 2Na2O
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: COUNT THE ATOMS ON BOTH SIDES
4Na + O2 2Na2OREACTANTS: PRODUCTS:
Na - 4O - 2
Na - 4O - 2
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IS THIS EQUATION BALANCED?
YES. You have equal atoms of Na and O on both sides.
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Original equation
CO + H2 CH3OH
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: COUNT THE ATOMS ON BOTH SIDES
CO + H2 CH3OHREACTANTS: PRODUCTS: C - 1O - 1H - 2
C - 1O - 1H - 4
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IS THIS EQUATION BALANCED?
NO. You have 2 atoms of H on the left, and 4 atoms of H on the right.
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Look for the unequal atoms
CO + H2 CH3OHREACTANTS: PRODUCTS: C - 1O - 1H - 2
C - 1O - 1H - 4
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Solve & Recount Atoms.
CO + 2H2 CH3OHREACTANTS: PRODUCTS: C - 1O - 1H - 4
C - 1O - 1H - 4
If I have 2 C on the left, and 4 C on the right, I can add a coefficient to the left.
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IS THIS EQUATION BALANCED?
YES. You now have equal atoms of all elements on both sides.
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Original equation
H2 + O2 H2O
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: COUNT THE ATOMS ON BOTH SIDES
H2 + O2 H2OREACTANTS: PRODUCTS: H - 2O - 2
H - 2O - 1
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IS THIS EQUATION BALANCED?
NO. You have 2 atoms of O on the left, and 1 atom of O on the right.
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Look for the unequal atoms
H2 + O2 H2OREACTANTS: PRODUCTS: H - 2O - 2
H - 2O - 1
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Solve & Recount Atoms.
H2 + O2 2H2OREACTANTS: PRODUCTS: H - 2O - 2
H - 4O - 2
Since I KNOW I need 2 atoms of O on the left, I have to put a 2 in front of H2O.
By getting the 2 O atoms that I needed, I messed up my H atoms.
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EXAMPLE + sTEPS: Solve & Recount Atoms.
2H2 + O2 2H2OREACTANTS: PRODUCTS: H - 4O - 2
H - 4O - 2
Since I know I need 4 H on both sides, I have to but a coefficient of 4 on the H2 now.
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IS THIS EQUATION BALANCED?
YES. You now have equal atoms of all elements on both sides.