Balancing the needs of economic accounts and policy

27th Voorburg Group Meeting

Warsaw, Poland

Measurement of Arts and Culture Industries in Canada

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Context

Measurement of culture in Canada is driven by two priorities:• Production of economic accounts

Annual surveys measure economic activity using common classifications and frameworks

• Supporting the development of culture policy Drivers of culture policy

– Economic impact of culture activities– Promotion of Canadian content, foster cultural participation and

strengthen connections among Canadians.

Culture statistics produced by Statistics Canada support both priorities.

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Defining arts and culture

Data in economic accounts are defined using established standards:

• Industry: North American Industry Classification System• Products: North American Product Classification System

Data in support of culture policy defined using a separate framework:

• Conceptual Framework for Culture Statistics• Classification Guide for the Conceptual Framework for Culture Statistics

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Why a separate framework for culture statistics? “Culture” is a value-laden term. An agreed upon framework defines

culture and helps to identify what is included and excluded. “Culture” does not exist as unique industries, products or

occupations Cultural products and industries can be found among various

industries – the CFCS draws a boundary around what we want to measure and relate it to existing comparable standards

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Canada is not alone in developing frameworks for culture statistics UNESCO – 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics Eurostat Australia – Australian Culture and recreation Statistics Framework New Zealand – New Zealand Framework for Cultural Statistics

(1995)

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Policy-based definitions of culture Definition of culture

• Creative artistic activity and services produced by it, and the preservation of heritage.

Culture occurs in various industries, can be found in different products and is practiced in different occupations. The framework applies this definition of culture to determine if that product, industry or occupation is cultural

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Criteria for a product being cultural Culture products must meet one of the following:

• It has the potential of being protected by copyright legislation, or in other words, be ‘copyrightable’. Examples include a magazine article, script, manuscript, drawing, choreography, book, newspaper column, sculpture, radio program, film, videogame, etc.;

• It supports the creation, production, dissemination or preservation of culture products, e.g. recording, manufacturing, printing, broadcasting, podcasting, etc.;

• It adds to, or alters, the content of a culture product (content services), e.g. editorial services, translation, illustration, layout and design, music, etc.;

• It preserves, exhibits, or interprets human or natural heritage, e.g. historic sites and buildings, archives, museums, art galleries, libraries, botanical gardens, zoos, etc.;

• It provides training or educational services aimed at individuals who create, produce or preserve culture products; or

• It governs, finances, or supports directly culture creation, production or dissemination, e.g. services provided by government, unions, associations, managers, copyright societies, etc.

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Creative chain for culture goods and services

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Culture domains Culture does not exist in a distinct industry sector – businesses and

organizations involved in culture can be found in many different industries

The CFCS has created “domains” which are unique groupings that reflect an industry, group of products and group of occupations

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Defining culture domains Core culture sub-domains

• produce goods and services that are the result of creative artistic activity and whose main purpose is often the transmission of an intellectual or culture concept.

Ancillary culture sub-domains• produce goods and services that are the result of creative artistic activity (e.g.

designs, architectural plans), but their primary purpose is not the transmission of an intellectual or culture concept.

Related domains• While linked to the broader definition of culture in society, have no culture

components according to the criteria outlined in the Framework. • Related domains are not included in the measurement of culture but are

described in this framework in recognition of their strong links with culture in many Canadian jurisdictions

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Culture domains

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National accounting concepts and issues Data on arts and culture are used in a number of products:

• Input-Output Accounts• Monthly Industry Gross Domestic Product• Provincial GDP• Some estimates are used as estimates of personal expenditure

Annual business survey structured to meet the needs of the SNA• Industries and products align well to NAICS and NAPCS.• Financial data all consistent with the Chart of Accounts

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Culture satellite account CSNA does not meet all the needs of the culture policy community.

• Culture can cut across published commodity and industry groupings. • Satellite account for culture developed in collaboration with the Department of

Canadian Heritage

The CSA is derived from the Input-Output accounts • Starting with the CFCS, IO industries and commodities that contain culture are

identified. • A culture industry may derive only a portion of its revenue from the sale of culture

products. In addition, some culture products are sold from industries that are not typically considered as “culture”.

• The development of the CSA has involved splitting out cultural activities and products from higher level aggregates.

The culture satellite account provides a link between the economic statistics program and the CFCF

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Turnover by selected industries, 2009

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Summary Culture statistics are an example of a subject-matter area that has

an interest beyond the production of economic accounts. Supporting the development of cultural policy has led to the

development of a framework that seeks to identify the linkages between the various actors in the culture sector. This development has led further to the development of a Culture Satellite Account.

In addition, in unique content has been developed for production surveys to collect not just information on inputs and outputs, but also the characteristics of these outputs (i.e. language).