Lloyd’s Register

Ballast

Water Management:

A Regulatory Road

Map

Colin Clark

Business Development

Manager, Atlantic Canada

Overview

• Environmental Focus

• Ballast Water Management

• The Challenge

• The Solution – Ballast Water Convention

• Evolution of the Convention – The D2 Standard

• Factors to Consider

• The Approval Process

• Post Installation Survey Certification

• Port State Control

• Conclusion

Focusing on the Environment

Exhaust emissions (PM NOx Sox )

Oil

Sewage (waste waters)

Garbage

Ballast water

Antifouling paints

Refrigerants

Fire-fighting agents

Ballast Water Management

The introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms via

ships’ ballast water is an internationally recognised

problem.

The effects these introductions of can have an effect

on human health, cause damage to local marine life

and local economies

What is the challenge?

Every year the world’s fleet moves 3 - 5 billion tonnes of

ballast around the world

Every day, 7000+

species of plants

and animals are

transported in

ballast

Every 9 weeks a

new species is

introduced

somewhere in the

world

Some Species Found in Ballast Water

Cholera Asian Sea Squirt & green

alga

Rainbow Jellyfish

Plankton

Mitten Crab Zebra Mussel

Why manage ballast water ?

Why have a ballast water convention?

European Zebra mussels cause an estimated $5bn

per year in damages in North America

International Convention

for the Control

and Management

of Ships’ Ballast Water

Adopted Friday 13 February 2004

The Solution:

When will the Convention enter into force?

The convention will enter into force 12 months after at least 30 States, the

combined merchant fleets of which constitute at least 35% of the gross

tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping have ratified the Convention.

As of 1 April 2012 there were 33 ratifications of the Convention representing

26.46 % of the GT of the worlds shipping.

Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Cook Islands, Croatia, Egypt, France, Iran,

Kenya, Kiribati, Lebanon, Liberia, Malaysia, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands , Mexico, Mongolia,

Montenegro, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Palau, Republic of Korea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sierra Leone,

South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic , Trinidad & Tobago, Tuvalu

What does the convention require?

All ships will be required to:

• carry out ballast water and sediment

management on all voyages

• have on board an approved ballast

water management plan and a ballast

water record book

• Ships of 400 gt and above subject to

surveys and certification

Ballast water managements options

Ships are permitted to discharge ballast only if

they have:

Carried out Ballast Water Exchange (BWE)

or

Used an approved ballast water ‘treatment’

system.

The convention is now shifting to a “treatment”

requirement

Practical Compliance Considerations

• Japan has estimated that approximately 62,000 BW Treatment

Systems will require fitting in this decade

• That number includes 1400 New buildings per year

• On average over 20 ships/day would need to be fitted to meet

compliance date

• If you consider new construction schedules, and phasing in of

requirements, largest chokepoint would be in 2017

• If assumptions hold, in 2017, 45 ships/day would need to be

fitted with BWMS

• The numbers alone are staggering, but what about

manufacturing capacity? Installation capacity and infrastructure?

Etc…Currently approximately 100 shipyard with capacity

Evolution of the Convention: The D-2 standard

Discharge less than 10 viable organisms per cubic metre

greater than or equal to 50 micrometers in minimum

dimension;

Discharge less than 10 viable organisms per millilitre less

than 50 micrometers in minimum dimension but greater than

10 micrometers in minimum dimension;

And discharge of the indicator microbes shall not exceed the

specified concentrations.

Treatment standard

Indicator microbes, as a human health standard,

shall include:

a. Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (01 and 0139) with

less than 1 colony forming unit (cfu) per 100

millilitres or less than 1 cfu per 1 gram (wet weight)

zooplankton samples;

b. Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100

millilitres;

c. Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100

millilitres.

What do I have to do and when

Vessels constructed before 2009:

Ballast water capacity 1,500m3 to 5,000m3; Exchange or

Treatment until 2014; Treatment only after 2014.

Ballast water capacity less than 1,500m3 or more than 5,000m3;

Exchange or Treatment until 2016; Treatment only after

2016.

Vessels to comply by the first intermediate or renewal survey,

which ever comes first, after the anniversary date of delivery.

What do I have to do and when

Vessels constructed on or after 2009:

Ballast water capacity less than 5,000m3; Treatment only

Vessels constructed between 2009 and 2012:

Ballast water capacity more than 5,000m3;

Exchange until 2016; Treatment only after 2016.

Vessels constructed on or after 2012:

Ballast water capacity more than 5,000m3; Treatment only.

What and when?

Built BW M 3 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1500 -

5000 D1 or D2 D2*

pre 2009

*

<1500

>5000 D1 or D2 D2*

2009 <5000 D2

2009 to

2012 >5000 D1 or D2 D2*

2012 >5000

D2

D1 = exchange D2 = treatment * By the first intermediate or renewal survey after the date of delivery in 2014 or 2016

IMO vs USCG

• USCG Final Rule is expected to come into force 21 June 2012

• Current standard aligns with IMO until 2013, with potential deviation from 2013 – 2017

• Significant differences in Land-Based and Shipboard Testing Requirements

• USCG requires the following installation

• System to be approved by USCG

• Installation of approved system on existing ships during the 1st dry docking after 01 January 2014 or 2016 depending on ballast volume

• Installation of approved system applies to new vessels delivered from 01 December 2013

Ballast Water Treatment

• Must be safe (For ship and crew)

• Must be environmentally acceptable.

• Must be cost-effective.

• Must work

• Must be approved

Hydrocyclone

Treatment Processes

Physical solid-liquid

separation

Disinfection

Chemical Physical

Filter Chlorination De-oxygenation

Hydrocyclone Electro Chlorination Ultraviolet

Chlorine Dioxide Ultrasonic

Hydrogen Peroxide

Peracetic Acid

Vitamin K

Ozonation

Factors to Consider When Selecting a Treatment System

• Approval Status/Recognition

• Ship type

• Ballast capacity

• Space required (foot print and volume)

• Flexibility of location of system components

• Effects of pressure drop

• Approval Time

• Integration with exiting systems

• Certified intrinsically safe

• Power availability

• Chemical availability

• Availability of Installation Facilities

• Operations Interruption

• Health and Safety

• Effects on tank structure/coatings

• Availability of consumables, spares and support (servicing)

• Additional crew workload

• Crew training

• Capital and Operating Cost

• System availability – delivery time

• Water Conditions in area of operation

• Maintenance Requirements

• Treatment Time

• Future Regulatory Standards

Treatment System Availability

• Current state of the industry

• Approximately 50 available systems on the market

• Approximately 20 of which are considered “fully approved”

• 10-20 systems are currently at various stages of approval

• 500 installations worldwide

The Approval Process - The IMO Model

IMO Approval

Environmental

impact (G9)

Final approval Ship-

board

testing

Basic approval

Systems NOT

using an active

Systems using

an active

substance

System

Approval by

flag state

(G8)

Issue of type

approval

certificate by

flag (G8)

Type approval

certificate

Type approval

certificate

Land based

testing

IMO Approval

Environmental

impact (G9)

Land based

testing

Ship-

board

testing

Approval Requirements

• Treatment systems are required to be approved in accordance with IMO

G8 guidelines (MEPC. 174(58) or MEPC.125(53))

• If the system uses or produces an ‘active substance’ – the substance

must be approved (basic and final) by the IMO in accordance with the

IMO G9 Guidelines (MEPC.126(53))

• Currently 23 fully type approved systems in accordance with G8

available others expected in the coming months

Type Approval Process – USCG Model

• Land-Based Testing (ETV protocol)

• Shipboard Testing (STEP protocol)

• Environmental Testing – Shake, Rattle, and Roll

• Mechanical/electrical/engineering verification

Post Installation Surveys and Certification

International Ballast Water Management

Certificate

Valid five years subject to:

Annual surveys

Intermediate survey

Renewal survey

(Interim Survey guidelines in

BWM.2/Circ.7)

What will PSC be looking for?

What will they check?

The PSC inspection guidelines for the BWM Convention are still under consideration by the IMO, but are believed to align with current PSC activity.

• An initial inspection

• A detailed inspection if the are clear grounds the vessel is not complaint with the Convention .

• If the PSCO's general impressions and visual observations on board confirm a good standard of compliance with the Convention, the PSCO should generally be content with an initial inspection

• If there are “clear grounds” a more detailed inspection may be carried out

PSC inspections

Initial inspection will consists of a check for:

• A valid Certificate

• An Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP) approved in accordance with

G4

• A type approval certificate for the BW treatment system

• A Ballast Water Record Book correctly completed

• Check of the onboard monitoring device

Plus may also include:

• For exchange a check of the salinity of random of tanks

• For treatment systems an indicative sample and analysis of the BW

discharge .

Conclusion

• Time is a critical concern

• D-2 standard implementation is imminent

• To avoid potential bottlenecking as implementation date nears,

engagement is essential

• Engage designers, manufacturers, regulators and class

societies

• The value of the system is only realised when it can be

demonstrated through a robust Type Approval process

Thank you

For more information, please

contact:

Colin Clark

Business Development Manager

Lloyd’s Register Canada Ltd.

45 Alderney Drive, Suite 812

Dartmouth, NS

B2Y 2N6