BALTEX BRIDGE Cloud Campaign

part 2

Guide What is BBC2? Why BBC2? Instrumentation Organisation

What is BBC2? Large international measurement campaign

100 researchers, 20 institutes, 5 countries Additional instrumentation in Cabauw Tethered balloons Aircraft Lead by KNMI Natural follow-up of BBC (Augustus-September

2001) April - May 2003 Topics: Cloud, aerosols, radiation and there

interactions

Why BBC2? Improve the estimates of change of climate

based on climate model runs: 1.4 – 5.8K temperature

Why BBC2? uncertainties can largely be attributed to

shortcomings in the representation of cloud related processes in GCMs

International Panel on Climate Change: improve the representation of clouds in climate

models increase knowledge of cloud related processes need for dedicated highly accurate

measurements of cloud properties

FI-HO-ASG-004 / Mid Term Review / 22. May 2002 5 © Astrium

Redistribution of Solar and Terrestrial Radiation

Incoming Solar Radiation = 100% (342 W m-2 global mean)Peixoto and Oort, 1992; CCF 67%, IR, Energy transport

Redistribution of Solar and TerrestrialRadiation

Clouds and climate change Low level clouds cool the earth High level clouds warm the earth

Future cloud climatology increase low level clouds = negative feedback increase high level clouds = positive feedback

Clouds and climate models Cloud cover fraction

FI-HO-ASG-02 26 October 2001 14 © Astrium

Vertically Integrated Clod Water(Liquid and Solid Phase)

Clouds and climate models

Liquid water pathWater path

BBC2 main topics Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields Improvement measurement techniques

Synergy: Lidars, radars, microwave radiometers, .. Satellite retrievals (MSG, AVHRR, SCIAMACHY)

Improvement of cloud representation in models Focus on boundary layer clouds

Radiation and aerosols

Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields

Inhomogenous clouds

Model: plane parallel homogeneous clouds

Different Photon Paths: Absorption, angular distribution

Boundary layer clouds Homogeneous plane parallel clouds

Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields

Inhomogenous clouds

Model: plane parallel homogeneous clouds

Different Photon Paths: Absorption, angular distribution

Boundary layer clouds Homogeneous plane parallel clouds

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Cloud Cover [octas]

GCM’s

Transmissivity versus Cloud Cover, Cabauw

Radiative transport in inhomogeneous cloud fields

Improvement of measurement techniques

Ground based instruments - Oxygen A band spectrometer

Improvement of measurement techniques Ground based instruments - synergetic

methods

MSG retrieval validation

Framework CM SAF

cloud top temperature,

phase, liquid water,

optical properties

Improvement of measurement techniques Satellite based instruments

adiabat

Data provided by: S. Rodts, Delft University, thesis available from:http://www.phys.uu.nl/~www.imau/ShalCumDyn/Rodts.html

Improving cloud representation in models

Understanding entrainment

in boundary layer clouds

(SCMS Florida 1995)

Verification (with LES)

Cloud cover

Cloud cover

Verification (with Observations)

Aerosols and radiation

Plaatje Wouter

810W/m2; aerosol optical thickness 0.3; IWV known

BBC2 - Participants Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, KNMI Meteorological Institute University of Utrecht, IMAU

CESAR partners: RIVM, TUD, ECN, TNO/FEL, WU, ESA, TUE

4D-wolken partners GKSS, Uni. Bonn, Berlin, Leipzig, Heidelberg, Kiel

Aicraft consortium MeteoFrance, UK MetOffice, FU Berlin, Uni. Leipzig INTA (Spanish)

Additional Centre d’électronique de l’armement LOA (Uni Lille), Uni Leeds, ..

Cabauw - CESARCabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric ResearchRadars 1.2 GHz radar (KNMI)

3 GHz radar (TUD) 35 GHz radar (KNMI)

Lidars Lidar (RIVM) Lidar ceilometer (KNMI) CIMEL (TNO/FEL)

Microwave 22 channel microwave radiometer (Uni. Bonn)

20,30,50 GHz microwave rad. (TUE) Sodar/RASS (KNMI)

GPS receiver (TUD)Rain gauges (WU)Scintillometer (WU)

Instrumentation for land/atmosphere interaction studies

BBC2-Cabauw-extraRadars 94 GHz cloud radar MIRACLE (GKSS)

24 GHz Micro rain radars (WU, 2x Uni. Bonn)

Lidars Raman-lidar, ARAS (GKSS) Microwave MICCY (Uni. Bonn) 20, 30, 50GHZ radiometer (ESA/ESTEC) 13GHZ Radiometer (ESA/ESTEC) Commercial microwave radiometer (RPG) Sodar/RASS Ift Leipzig

Camera Infra-red cameras (France)

Tethered balloons: IMAU, Leipzig (microphysics)

Radiosondes: 4 per day, Army (land forces)

BBC2-Cabauw-extra

Radiation components: Fluxes (BSRN upgrade, KNMI)

Oxygen-A band spectrometers (Uni. Heidelberg) Albedometer (IfT Leipzig) Sunphotometer (IfT Leipzig) SunPhotometer CIMEL (TNO/FEL) Narrow beam spectrometer (FUB) UV Spectrometer (RIVM)

MAPSY Balloon Uni. Leipzig

Length: 21.2 m; Diameter: 6.54m; Volume: 450m3

Max. Height: 1500m; Max. Payload: 150kg

Instruments

Meteorological parameters Wind vector at 300HzPVM (LWC, Reff)Fast FSSP (n(r))Condensation Particle Counter

BBC2-Aircraft

Merlin (Meteo France)

Partenavia (IfT Leipzig)

CASA (INTA)

Dornier (UK MetOffice)

BBC2-Aircraft: Merlin IV (Meteo France)

Cloud -physics (GKSS)•Fast FSSP•FSSP 100, extended range•2D-C•2D-P•Nevzorow probe•PVM•King probe•CCN counter (optional)•Fast w,q,T•DIRAM (IMAU)

Various other radiation

BBC2-Aircraft: Partenavia (IfT Leipzig)

Meteorological parameters

MicrophysicsOptical particle counter (Aerosol size)PVM (LWC and Reff)

Nevzorov (LWP, TWC)

Radiation components Spectral resolved fluxs up-down

(0.3 – 1 micron) Spectral resolved actinic fluxes

BBC2-Aircraft: CASA (INTA)

Radiation (FUB)- FUBISS (spectrograph)- MIDAC (FTIR)- Casi (imaging spectrograph) IR imagers (INTA) Airborn version of POLDER MiniMIR (polarization at 0.6 and 1.6micron)

BBC2 - Flight tracks

Type 1: Water clouds over land Cabauw - parallel to the wind Aircraft under, in and on top of cloud layer No-precipitation, no cirrus, satellite overpass.

Type 2: Cloud free conditions Surface characteristics (thermal and optical) Aerosol

BBC2 - Flight tracks

BBC2 – Flight plan

3 aircraft flying in concert

BBC2 – Flight plan

3 aircraft flying in concert

BBC2 – Organisation In the early morning cloud forecast

When, where, why? Wind direction and speed, cloud altitude Precipitation? cirrus? Cloud top below freezing level?

Flight Planning Meteorologist Internet + MWS Consultation of aviation meteorologist

Rotterdam Update (model runs, observations (Cabauw)) Decision Air Trafic Control (Amsterdam) / KLU (Nieuw

Millingen)

In flight changes

BBC2 – Organisation Local Organising Committee

Arnout Feijt Irene Das Pier Siebesma Wim Hovius Henk Klein Baltink Wouter Knap

Contributors FPMs, WA, WM, Uni. Bonn, ..

BBC2 summary Large international campaign

clouds, radiation, aerosols April - May 2003 Fits IPCC recommendations Well embedded in aims Atmos. Res.

Dept. CESAR www.knmi.nl/samenw/bbc2/

Open to suggestionsfor extention

BBC2 additional topics Rain

Micro and macrostructure

Cirrus clouds SCIAMACHY validation Orientation

Turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer

BBC2 SCIAMACHY validation

BBC2 SCIAMACHY validation

BBC2 GOME validation

BBC2 Turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer

Goals- Understand the atmospheric budgets of wind, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide. Assess the added value of turbulence characteristics derived from ground based remote sensing sensors, i.e. windprofiler for clear sky part and cloud radar for boundary layer clouds. How- Observe the profiles of fluxes in the convective boundary layer with a suite of ground based en tower based in-situ observations, remote sensing observation, ballon observations and airplane observations.- Use detailed boundary layer models for interpretation of the observations.