baltic sea region experiences in relation to port and...
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BALTIC SEA REGION EXPERIENCES IN RELATION
TO PORT AND MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA
Habil. Dr., Prof. Vytautas PAULAUSKAS
Klaipeda university
INTRODUCTION• Sea motorways as a part of the logistic chain
and short sea shipping • Sea Motorways as good transport and
logistics links between regions and cities. • Sea motorways are new adding system to the
transport network.• Sea motorways would serve best for the
interests of the Countries, regions and cities.
BALTIC SEA REGION
POPULATION AND TURNOVER IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION
Region Population, mil.
Turnover in ports, mil. tons
Denmark, South Sweden 8 60
North Germany 12 30North Poland 6 45Lithuania 3,5 32Latvia 2,6 52Estonia 1,5 42Russia (St.-Petersburg reg)
8 45
South Finland 3 37Central Sweden 3 20
REGIONS CLAUSE TO THE BALTIC SEA
Regions Population, mil. Distance to Baltic sea, km
West Germany 30 500Benelux Countries 26 400Central and East Germany
20 250
Central Poland 10 350Belarus 10 500Central Russia 30 1000North-West Russia 5 600Central and North Finland
3 300
North Sweden 2 200Norway 2 500
METHODICS OF EVALUATION
• Correlation GDP>Trade>Transport• Population and industry concentration
in the Baltic Sea region• Regions clause to the Baltic Sea which
have real influence on the Baltic sea transport system
• For more detailed investigations can be used multi-criteria evaluation methods
THE BASIC ELEMENTS FOR THE MULTI-CRITERIA FORECASTS
• GDP forecasts for the countries;• European export and import forecasts (values at
constant prices) for the relevant countries;• Calculation of import and export for the different
commodity groups for each country;• Projection of trade flows based on calculated for all
commodities and all countries (volumes), differentiated for exports and imports;
• Technical possibilities on selected directions;• Geographical, hydro meteorological and other
conditions on concrete directions.
FREIGHT VOLUMES IN EUROPE
MAIN TRANSPORT CORRIDORS AROUND BALTIC SEA
MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA, WHAT IT IS?
• Important part of the European transport system
• Important element of the Logistics centers and supply chains network
MAIN TASKS MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA
• Link transport corridors• Optimize transportation costs• Minimize transportation time• Avoid bottlenecks on the inland
transport systems• Minimize cargo stops during
transportation process• Link transport means and logistic
centers
EUROPEAN TRANSPORT CORIDORS (SEA MOTORWAYS) (STATUS)
MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA ELEMENTS
• Technical part– Ports, shipping lines (ships), terminals, axes to
the terminals, logistics centers• Technological part
– Effective cargo handling and transport means changing systems
• Organization part– Co-operation between partners on transport
directions (in regions) (network)• Legal part
– Unified regulations, documents, etc.
KLAIPEDA PORT
RO-RO TERMINAL IN KLAIPEDA
RO-RO PASSENGER TERMINAL IN TALLINN PORT
MAIN SEA TRANSPORT CORRIDOS IN BALTIC SEA (SHIPPING LINES)
NEW SHIPS ON SEA MOTORWAYS (SHIPPING LINES)
POSSIBLE CORRIDORS ALTERNATIVESON BASIS MOTORWAYS OF SEA
NEW SITUATION IN EAST BALTIC
East Baltic ports hinterland
• Extends from the East Baltic sea coast up to Ural;
• Including:– Baltic Countries– Belorus;– West and Central Russia– North Ukraine;– Partly Middle Asia Countries;– Fare East Countries;
RO-RO TURNOVER IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 – 2005
Port 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Klaipė-da
158942 177475 144619 101315 116185 134735 127800 153550 144250 150150
Riga 15396 14868 21211 17847 10460 10884 19173 38716 39303 31850
Liepoja 20429 29462 27148 20444 20856 25173 29263 33627 30231 23400
Tallinn 273659 318105 174700 185170 225200 245200 242900 264800 145800 154000
Total 468246 539910 367678 324776 372701 415992 419136 490693 359584 359400
RO-RO TURNOVER IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 – 2005
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Metai
Vnt.
Klaipeda RygaLiepojaTalinasViso
CONTAINERS IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 - 2005
Port 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Klaipėda 39057 36736 32328 28668 39955 51675 71589 118366 174241 214307
Riga 141408 132559 129580 85911 84928 101077 127459 132074 152166 168978
Tallinn 45678 54585 55473 65246 76692 78072 87912 99440 113081 127585
Ventspils - - 862 195 207 - 1044 3688 292 1044
Kaliningrad - 654,0 10875 14100 16280 21313 27871 44687 72094 112528
Sankt Peterburg
121833 145886 165200 188200 209730 480659 580639 656183 776576 1119346
TOTAL 349134 373988 399447 386364 431070 734532 896514 1056441 1288450 1743788
CONTAINERS IN EAST BALTIC PORTS IN 1996 - 2005
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Metai
TEU
Klaipeda Ryga Talinas Ventspilis Kaliningradas Sankt Peterburgas Viso
SEA MOTORWAYS LINK SYSTEMS
►No system in all►Bridge system in sea part►Network system in sea part►Bridge system in sea and shore►Network system in sea and
shore
TRANSPORT CORRIDORS (SEA MOTORWAYS) LINK POINTS
• Ports terminals• Logistics centers• Inter modal terminals• Railway stations• Transport corridors crossing places
MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA LINK TC (DFDS NETWORK)
EAST – WEST TRANSPORT CORRIDOR
• Main pointsNorth
South: Germany, Poland
HUB Taulov Själland Skåne
EsbjergBlekinge/Karlshamn/Karlskrona
Vilnius
North Sea regionUK
France, BeNeLux
Moscow/China/Asia
Minsk/Kiev/OdessaBlack Sea Region
Klaipeda/Kaliningrad
Kaunas Siauliai
LINKS BETWEEN DIRRECTIONS
Ro-Ro ferry voyage time between Karlshamn, Karlskrona and South-Eastern Baltic ports.
Port 16 knots 20 knots 24 knots
Klaipeda 43 h = 1,8 d. 38 h = 1,6 d. 34 h = 1,4 d
Kaliningrad 46 h = 1,9 d. 41 h = 1,7 d. 36 h = 1,5 d.
Liepaja 43 h = 1,8 d. 38 h = 1,6 d. 34 h = 1,4 d.
NEW LINKS
TRANSPORTATION TIME• North Sweden – Karlshamn – 20 – 35 h• Karlshamn – Klaipeda – 15 – 10 h• Klaipeda – Minsk – 12 – 15 h• Minsk – Moscow – 12 – 15 h• Minsk – Kiev – 10 – 14 h
• TOTAL: Moscow – 60 – 74 h (55 – 70 h)Kiev – 58 – 72 h (54 – 68 )
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF EVALUATION
• MAIN FORMULA
)( 44332211 KkKkKkKkE k ⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅=η
∑ ⋅= iii qmK
pchs qmqmqmK ⋅+⋅+⋅= 3211
maxSSq i
s =
j
i
EE
=Δ )1(1i
pi QP −=
η
Complex evaluation factors• price with weight coefficient 0,20 - 0,40;• time with weight coefficient 0,15 -0,30;• safety with coefficient 0,15 - 0,25;• hydro metrological conditions in with weight
coefficient 0,05 - 0,10;• border crossing with weight coefficient 0,05
– 0,08 (after 1st of May safety control according ISPS Code);
• other factors with weight coefficient 0,05 –0,10.
Evaluation of the transports corridors (Sea Motorways)
Factors and weights Transport corridor use Ro-Ro ferry via
Karlshamn
Transport corridor use Ro-Ro ferry via Kiel
Inland transport corridor via Poland
Price factor 0,85 0,84 1,0
Weight of the price factor 0,35 0,35 0,35
Time factor 0,62 0,75 1,0
Weight of the time factor 0,20 0,20 0,2
Safety factor 0,988 0,985 1,0
Weight of the safety factor 0,25 0,25 0,25
Hydro-meteorological factor 1,0 1,0 0,95
Weight of the hydro meteorological factor
0,1 0,1 0,1
Border crossing factor 1,0 1,0 0,93
Weight of the border factor 0,05 0,05 0,05
Other factors 1,0 1,0 1,0
Weight of the other factor 0,05 0,05 0,05
Correlation coefficient 0,95 0,95 0,95
TOTAL 0,914 0,937 1,043
Voyage Vilnius – Hanover investigation results
Transport corridor
Time on one direction,
hours
Costs (basis prices), EURO
Safety factor: Positive
probability
Use Ro-Ro ferryKlaipeda –Kiel
36 998 0,988
Inland transport corridor via Poland
48 1200 0,973
Use Ro-Ro ferry line via Karlshamn
38 1020 (1250) 0,985
DIFFICULTIES IN NORTH PART OF THE BALTIC SEA (ICE)
ICE CONDIDIONS
PORT OF HELSINKI IN WINTER
ICE SITUATION IN BALTIC 1720 - 2004
050
100150200250300350400450
1720
1734
1748
1762
1776
1790
1804
1818
1832
1846
1860
1874
1888
1902
1916
1930
1944
1958
1972
1986
2000
x 1
00
0 k
m2
MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA PERSPECTIVES
• MoS tasks implementation and execution
• Link transport corridors in ports and Logistic centers (Inter modal terminals)
• Solve bottlenecks of the shore transport corridors
• Increase supply chains effectiveness• Increase Countries and Regions
economics activity
MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA ADDITIONAL POSSIBILITIES
• Influence on new cargo flows creation• Influence on new Inter modal terminals
and Logistic centers development• Transportation optimization on basis
more effective transport means use• Creation of the new transport direction
OPTIMAL TRANSPORT MEANS AND NEW TRANSPORT DIRECTIONS
Conclusions• Motorways of the Sea make first steps
and start play important role in Europe• Baltic Sea region intensive, where
Motorways of the Sea can assist optimize logistics (supply) chains
• Motorways of the Sea can influence on changes existing supply systems and transport directions.
• Motorways of the Sea can assist to activate economics of the regions and Countries.