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LGU Facilitators’ Manual on

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title of Activities Page No. Preliminaries 1 Local Environment Situationer 2 Lecturette on Land Use Theories/Principles and Maps 4 Drainage Map (Water Bodies) 8 Road Network Map (Infrastructure Map for Transportation) 11 Settlements and Infrastructure Map 15 Map Join / Edge Match: Finalization of Map References 18 (If there are more than one workshop groups) Land Cover Map 20 Protection Map 24 Flooding Hazard Map 29 Erosion Map 32 Tenure Map 34 Land Use Conflict and Issues Map 38 Workshop on Proposed Land Use and Land Use 44 Intervention (Projects) Maps Annexes

A – Techniques on How to Interpret Base/Topographic Maps

B – Techniques on How to Make 3D Topomap (using clay)

C – Guide in Choosing Legends: for the Mapping Exercises

D – Guide in Choosing Alternative Options for Proposed Agricultural Lands

E - Some Alternative Options for Various Proposed Land Uses

Upland Development Programme July 2004 Version Land Use Planning Facilitator’s Manual `

Title Of Activity:

Preliminaries

Objective:

Participants are able to understand the purpose and the processes of this activity. Participants are acquainted with each other and motivated to actively participate in the entire participatory workshops.

Expected Outputs:

Participants’ Directory Participants’ Expectations List of Host Team Members

Time:

1 hour

Steps:

1) Opening Ceremony (Prayer, Opening Remarks,

Songs/Gamesetc.)

2) Pag-ila-ila / Expectations Check/

3) Objectives of the 3-day Workshop a. Accurate Maps on Existing and Proposed Land

Uses and other spatial information in a particular sitio or watershed cluster are produced I a participatory manner.

b. Protection areas and sub-allocation of production areas into suitable uses are systematically allocated.

c. Land Use related issues and formulation of options for their resolution in the form of policies, approaches, management schemes and activities that will be contained in a land use plan are identified and analyzed.

d. Demonstrate the land use planning procedures/processes through lecture and hands-on training

e. Produce a Land Use Map of the concerned area

Note: Check if the expectations raised by the participants are in consonance with the set objectives of the 3-day workshop.

4. Schedule of Activities (to be presented to the participants)

5. Formation of Host Teams

Preliminaries - Page 1

Upland Development Programme July 2004 Version Land Use Planning Facilitator’s Manual

Title Of Activity:

Local Environment Situationer

Objective:

Participants are able to describe and compare the present situation of the local environment to its situation in the previous years. Participants are aware of the basic principles and elements of the environment.

Expected Outputs:

1. Matrix : Ang Kinaiyahan karon ug kaniadto 2. Artwork (drawing or collage) of the situation of

the local environment of the barangay before and at present.

Materials Needed: Manila Paper

Pentel Pens Crayon, Glue, Masking Tape and Scissors)

Expected Timeframe

2 hours

Steps:

1. SHORT PLENARY : Leveling-off session Ask these questions to the participants and discuss these briefly with them:

- What are the basic elements of the environment?

- What are the interactions and cycles in the environment.

2. FORMATION OF WORKSHOP GROUPS.

The participants are formed into two workshop groups. Based on the short plenary discussion, the workshop groups are asked to describe in an art form the local environment before and at present. The 1st group will illustrate the environment before while the 2nd group will draw the present environment.

3. ACTUAL WORKSHOP.

• The groups are asked to discuss the following questions:

- Unsa ang hulagway sa atong kinaiyahan sa kaniadtong panahon? (karong

Local Environmental Situationer - Page 2


Local Environmental Situationer - Page 3

panahon) - Unsa ang mga pamaagi sa katawhan

kaniadto nga nakatabang sa pagpalambo o agprotektar sa kinaiyahan kaniadtong panahon? ( o karong panahona)

- Unsa ang mga pamaagi nga ginahimo sa katawhan nga nakadaut sa kinaiyahan? (karong panahona)

- Unsa ang mga problema/kadaut nga nahitabo sa atong kinaiyahan nga nasinati kaniadtong panahon? (karong panahon)

• Using the available art materials provided by the

facilitators, each group is asked to make their individual outputs in 15 minutes.

4. REPORTING/OPEN FORUM. After the individual artwork, the groups are asked to report their workshop outputs in 5 minutes. An open forum for clarification and deepening will follow after all outputs are presented.

5. DEEPENING/SYNTHESIS. After the report, the facilitators would give a synthesis to wrap up the activity. In order to guide the facilitator, the synthesis should focus on the matrix below. :

Matrix A : Kinaiyahan Karon ug Kaniadto

Hulagway sa Kinaiyahan Kaniadto Karon Tuburan Kasapaan Kayutaan Kakahuyan Kaumahan Kalihukan nga makadaut sa kinaiyahan

Kalihukan nga nakatabang sa kinaiyahan

Problema sa kinaiyahan The facilitator will then end the session by emphasizing to the participants that the output of this session will be further validated as the entire group will move on to the succeeding workshops.

Traditional and contemporary Land Use Practices

Resulta sa land use ngadto sa kinaiyahan.


Title Of Activity:

Lecturette on Land Use Theories/Principles and Maps

Objective:

Participants have understood the basic principles and theories of land use planning.

Expected Outputs: None Materials Needed: Sample Map

Reading Materials on Land Use Visual Aids

Timeframe:

30 minutes – 1 hour

Steps:

1. Ask the participants about their own understanding / concept

on land use. Write down their answers on the board. (Note: do not insist if the participants could not aswer.)

2. Explain the following land use concepts to the participants: Land Use – refers to the manner of utilization of land

including its allocation, development and management. Land Use Planning – refers to the act of defining the

allocation, utilization, development and management of all lands within a given territory or jurisdiction according to the inherent qualities of land itself and supportive of sustainable economic, demographic, socio-cultural and environmental objectives as an aid to decision making and legislation.

- refers to the rational and judicious development, utilization and management of land resources in a sustainable manner to ensure that the needs of the present generation can be met without jeopardizing the needs of the future generations. (HLURB)

Land Use Plan - refers to a document embodying a set of policies accompanied by maps and similar illustrations which represent a proposal for the future allocation of land to the various land-using activities, in accordance with the social and economic objectives of the people. It identifies the location, character and extent of the areas as well as land resources to be used for different purposes and includes the process and the criteria employed in the determination of the land use.

Land Use Theories - Page 4


Some of Classification of Land Uses: • Protection Forest • Timber Production • Grazing Lands • Agro-forestry Lands • Agricultural Lands • Settlement / Resettlement Areas • Industrial / Commercial Areas

Two Dimension of the Land Use Planning: a) Technical aspect – involves determining what activities

(agricultural, protection, etc.) a given piece of land can support without causing damage to the land itself in order that it can be used across many generation without jeopardizing, but in fact, enhancing its value.

b) Political aspect - is concerned with the commitment of decision makers and politicians to ensure that there is strict compliance with the plan and its implementation tools.

Land Use planning also involves the reconciliation of the claims of those who hold various interests on land in order to promote the general welfare. It is essentially a function of the government in view of the principle that land should be used for the common good.

Some considerations to be included in Land Use Planning:

a) indicating the best possible uses of a piece of land based on studies undertaken (e.g. land valuation or land suitability studies) but leaving the decision to individual owners.

b) Pinpointing locations or delineating areas where certain activities may or may not be undertaken

c) Prescribing certain parameters and standards for implementing development activities (e.g. sloping land management, etc.)

Importance of Land Use Planning:

• It is a tools to guide the use and re-use of land, prevent abuse and non-use of land and correct the misuse of land.



• It is needed to optimize the use of both public and private land and to assist in resolving possible conflicts that may arise from competition for share of LGUs limited land resource arising from the continuous increase in population and development requirements.

• Appropriate or rational land use planning that adheres to the principles of sustainable development cause positive effects on the social, political, economic, physical and environmental forces.

Land Use Planning based on the principle of sustainable development:

• Promote the efficient acquisition, utilization and disposition of land as a limited resource through the rational allocation and delineation of different uses according to their highest and best use, and prevent premature and wasteful development by delineating areas and where certain activities can or cannot undertaken.

• Identify the intrinsic value and use limits of environmentally critical areas such as those included in National Integrated Protected Areas System, the Network of Protected Agricultural Areas, critical terrestrial and zones for preservation, conservation and rehabilitation.

• Identify, conserve and protect areas of ecological, aesthetic and historical significance.

• Provide an efficient settlement pattern for better access to basic services and prevent population habitation and high risk activities from taking place in environmentally critical areas.

• Influence the public and private sectors in the proper use, management and disposition of land.

Ideally, land resource should be used in both short and long-term with no significant deterioration of the land resource itself.

Watershed and critical watershed - refers to a catchment

area or drainage basin from which the waters of a stream or stream systems are drawn. Critical watershed is a waters catchment of a river system which need immediate rehabilitation and protection on account of fast denudation leading to accelerated siltation an destructive floods primarily because of its support to existing, proposed or on-going




hydro-electric plants, irrigation systems, local waterworks systems and domestic water facilities.

Other related concepts. (See attached Governing Principles in Forest Land Use

Planning.)

3. Lecturette on Land Use Mapping What is a Map? Map is a two dimensional presentation of a geographical area. What is thematic map overlaying? Manual thematic map overlaying is an analysis

technique used to determine relationship of various conditions (themes) to each other or to validate a given assumption. Manual methods are limited by the transparency of the sheets. More flexibility is possible when done through a GIS. For community land use planning, overlaying does not have to be more than three sheets so this limitation should not be a cause for concern.

What is Map scale? The relationship of the distance between any two

points of the map to the horizontal distance between those same two points on the ground. (See attached for continuation of map scale.)

What is the importance of maps in land use planning? Determining appropriate land use is also a physical

planning exercise. As such it relies heavily on the use of maps and employing technique of thematic map overlaying. It also involves carrying out thorough situational analysis and making decisions as to what options to take in resolving conflicts that normally come with the process.

Governing Principles in Forest Land Use Planning (see attached annex)

4. Techniques On How to Interpret Base and Topo Maps (see attached annex)

5. Open Forum / Wrap-up


Title Of Activity:

Drainage Map (Water Bodies)

Objective:

1) To come up with a reference map using major water bodies

as landmarks. 2) To identify, situate and describe the characteristics of the

major water bodies within the barangay. 3) To determine the issues and problems related to the present

water bodies in the barangay.

Expected Outputs:

Drainage Map illustrating major water bodies within the barangay. Matrix on the Condition of Water Bodies

Timeframe:

1.5 hour

Materials Needed:

• 4 sitio base map templates • plastic sheets • pentel pens • acetone and cottons

Steps:

1. Short Input :

• What is a Drainage Map?

- This map represents major water bodies and resources that are known to the people.

• What is the purpose of this map?

- to identify, situate and describe the characteristics of the major bodies within the barangay;

• What is its use in Land Use Planning?

- Information on water bodies would give insight on the status of the water resources in the community.

- It shall give insights to the community on how to mitigate the further destruction / deterioration of the water resources (such as protection for sources of springs).

- It shall also give the community more insights on potential sources of water which can be tapped for drinking and agriculture (irrigation).

- It will also guide the barangay in situating the proper location for water system.

Drainage Map - Page

8


• How does it look like? How to make this map?

- Show an example of an existing drainage map.

2. Divide the group according to sitios or clusters of sitios.

3. Distribute the base map templates to the respective group.

4. Through a compass or using their own way, ask the participants to locate the north/south/east/west position of the map. Situate the map facing the north.

5. Ask the participants to identify and locate into the plastic sheet

the major water bodies found within the barangay using their own legends or the suggested legend below: a. rivers b. creeks c. spring d. lakes e. others

Note: If possible, specific names should be indicated in the map.

6. Guide on the Legends:

The identified SPRINGS should be represented by POINT symbols while the LAKES should be represented by POLYGON (or SHADED AREA). Other than these, the standard cartographic symbol to be used for other water bodies is LINE. To show the different water bodies, the presentation of the lines may vary in color, texture or sizes according to categories. The facilitator can be innovative on this variation as long as the use of LINE symbols should not be changed. The facilitator should also ensure that the variation of the line symbols should be well-defined during the actual plotting on the plastic overlay sheets.

7. If the sitio boundaries has not yet been plotted in the base map, ask the participant to locate in the same plastic sheet the sitio boundaries using natural boundaries known by the community. Mark these boundaries with bold lines in order to be recognized.

Drainage Map - Page

9


Drainage Map - Page

10

8. Ask the participants to locate the water bodies into the map using the desired legends.

9. After locating the water bodies into the map, ask the participants to discuss the specific description of these water bodies using the matrix below. The information gathered here will be incorporated into the barangay profile (Chapter on Natural resources).

Condition of Water Bodies

Water Bodies

No. Specific Names Physical Condition

Rivers Creeks Springs Lakes Others Problems and concerns observed:

10. Ask the participants to report their workshop outputs in 3

minutes per group. Questions shall be entertained during open forum.

11. Deepening/Synthesis

a) Some guide questions for the deepening/synthesis: • Based on the maps, where is the watershed / water catchment

of the barangay located? • What is the main river of the barangay? • How many and what are water tributaries within the

barangay? • What are the common issues/concerns of the barangay on

water? • Where are the existing and potential sources of potable water

and irrigation for agriculture?

Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. This is useful during the situational analysis.


Title Of Activity:

Road Network Map (Infrastructure Map for Transportation)

Objective:

1) To come up with a reference map using road networks as reference

landmarks. 2) To identify, situate and describe the characteristics of the roads within

the barangay.

3) To assess the conditions of the roads within the barangay.

Expected Outputs:

Road Network Map illustrating road networks within the barangay. Road Network Characteristics Matrix

Timeframe:

1.5 hours

Materials Needed:

• 4 sitio base map templates • plastic sheets • pentel pens • acetone and cottons

Steps:

1. Short Input : • What is a reference map?

- a map composed of permanent or semi-permanent landmarks largely known by the people; the landmarks in this map will assist the groups in locating various land uses within the area.

• What is a Road Network Map?

- This map represents the location of roads that are known to the people.


- to come up with a reference map using road netwoks as reference landmarks

- to identify, situate and describe the characteristics of the roads within the barangay.

Road Network Map - Page 11


• What is its use in Land Use Planning?

- Information on road network would give a picture on the community’s access to road facilities that would meet the demands of production and distribution of goods and services.

- It shall give insights to the community on how to improve the community’s access and mobility .

- It shall also give the community more insights on the potential areas that can be developed to improve the mobility of the people that would support the existing production activities of the community , as well as, access to basic community services (such as access to health centers/hospitals, schools, town proper, etc.).

- The barangay local road network map is useful for planners in determining the existing road lay-out vis-à-vis current land use and other socio-economic activities. The map presents a bird’s eye view of accessibility from one destination point to another within a locality.


- Show an example of an existing road network map.

2. Divide the group according to sitios or cluster of sitios.

3. Distribute the base map templates to the respective group.

4. Through a compass or using their own way, ask the participants to locate the north/south/east/west position of the map. Situate the map facing the north.

5. Ask the participants to identify and locate into the same plastic sheet

the major types of roads within the sitio using their own legends or the suggested legend below: a. foot trails b. barangay roads c. logging roads d. provincial roads e. municipal roads f. foot bridges (such as hanging bridges, wooden bridges passable

only by people) g. vehicular bridges (those that are passable by vehicles) h. others (pls. specify)




6. Guide on the Legends:

The standard cartographic symbol to be used for road networks is LINE. To show the different road networks, the presentation of the lines may vary in color, texture or sizes according to categories. The facilitator can be innovative on this variation as long as the use of LINE symbols should not be changed. The facilitator should also ensure that the variation of the line symbols should be well-defined during the actual plotting on the plastic overlay sheets.

7. After locating these roads network, ask the participants to discuss the

specific description of these roads using the matrix below. The information will be incorporated into the Barangay Profile on Infrastructure.

Condition on Road Network

Types of Road

Length Specific Names

Present Physical Condition (may use

rating – refer to criteria below)

Specific Description

Foot Trails Barangay Roads

Logging Road

Provincial Roads

Municipal Roads

Foot Bridges

Vehicular Bridges

Others (pls. Specify)

Problems and concerns observed:




Rating used to assess roads Criteria (you may ask the municipal engineer to provide specific criteria for this)

Very Good Fair Bad

8. Ask the participants to report their workshop outputs in 3 minutes per group. Questions shall be entertained during open forum.


Some guide questions for the deepening/synthesis:

- Based on the map, what, in general, is the condition of the

roads/bridges in the barangay? - How does this affect the accessibility of the people to their farms

and other major facilities (e.g market center, post harvest facilities, water system, health center, sitio centers, schools, etc.)?

- What are the common issues and concerns regarding the mobility of the people?

Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. This is useful during the situational analysis.


Title Of Activity:

Settlements and Infrastructure Map

Objective:

To identify and situate the settlements and major infrastructure utilities within the sitios into the base map.

Expected Outputs:

• Settlements and Infrastructure Map illustrating location of settlements and major infrastructure utilities employed by the residents in the barangay

• Settlements and Infrastructure Profile Matrix

Timeframe:

I.5 hours

Materials Needed:

• Barangay base map templates (in clear paper sheet) • Drainage and Road Network map (in plastic sheet) • plastic sheets • pentel pens • acetone and cottons

Steps: 1. Short Input:

• What is a Settlements and Infrastructure Map?

- This map determine the location, distribution, volume and types of infrastructure utilities found in the city or municipality.


- Evaluate the presence, adequacy and inadequacy of infrastructure facilities in the location based on those enumerated/listed in the Local Government Code (see legends below).


- Show an example of an settlements and infrastructure map overlayed to other maps.

2. In a plenary, ask from the participants the major infrastructural facilities employed by the people in the barangays.

3. Ask the participants to identify and locate into the base map the

location of settlements (either individual or by cluster) and major infrastructure within the sitio using their own legends or the suggested legend below:

Settlements/Infrastructure Page 15


• Settlements - residential buildings (houses) • Infrastructure:

- School buildings and other facilities for public elementary and secondary schools

- Clinics, health centers - Communal irrigation, small water impounding

project and other similar projects - Artesian wells, spring development, rainwater

collectors and water supply system - Flood control, sewerage, drainage - Post harvest facilities (solar dryer, etc.) - Sitio / purok center - Recreation facilities (basketball courts, etc.) - electricity - chapel - cooperative, stores - cemetery - others (pls specify)


4. After locating these into the map, ask the participants to discuss the specific description of these facilities using the matrix below. The information will be incorporated into the barangay profile on infrastructure.

Profile of Infrastructure Facilities

Types of Infrastructure

Specific description / types

Specific Names

(if possible)

Present Physical

Condition

Settlements # of houses # of clusters (if needed) land size

School buildings # of schools Clinic / health centers

# of buildings

Irrigation systems # of system/projects Water systems # of systems/projects Flood control system

# of systems/projects

Flood control # of systems/projects Sitio / Purok Center

# of centers




Types of Infrastructure

Specific description / types

Specific Names

(if possible)

Present Physical

Condition

Recreation Facilities

# of facilities

Chapel/church buildings

# of church structures

Electricity # of posts, etc. Water system # of system; type of

system

Cooperative # of cooperative centers Recreation facilities

# of facilities and type of facilities

Electricity centers Chapels/Churches Stores, cooperatives

Public cemetery Others (pls. Specify)

Problems and concerns observed:

5. Ask the participants to report their workshop outputs in 3 minutes per group. Questions shall be entertained during open forum.


Some guide questions for the deepening/synthesis: Based on the barangay settlements and infrastructure map,

does the community have access to basic social services? Are these available facilities able to help improve their

quality of life? Or has the absence/inadequacy of basic infrastructure / facilities affected their present living condition?

What are the common issues and concerns regarding the access of the community to social services? Are these presently addressed?

Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the

matrix is written. This is useful during the situational analysis.


Map Join / Edge Match - Page 18

Title Of Activity:

Map Join / Edge Match : Finalization of Map References (If there are more than one workshop groups)

Objective:

To review and finalize the references derived from the first three maps (drainage, road network and infrastructure/settlements) through map join or edge matching.

Expected Outputs:

Finalized references indicated in the maps.

Timeframe:

2 hours

Materials Needed:

• Barangay base map templates • Drainage, Road Network and Settlements/Infrastructure

Maps (in plastic sheets) • plastic sheets (for the finalized maps) • pentel pens • acetone and cottons

Steps: 1. Explain the purpose of this activity.

- This activity is necessary if the entire land use mapping exercise was done by sitio or by cluster of sitios.

- The activity is a process of removing inconsistencies at the edges of maps based on the data derived by each group during the previous mapping exercise.

2. Ask participants to post all their working maps (either on the

board or on the floor ) and connect all the maps using their pre-defined sitio boundaries. It would be helpful if participants would use the known landmarks of these boundaries such as “muhon”, rivers, creeks, settlements, etc.

3. If the working maps are easily aligned, then the group can

overlay a new plastic sheet to plot down the connected references of the entire barangay.

If the working maps of the various are not aligned with each other, then the groups have to discuss and come up with common stand to remove inconsistencies and match the edges of the various landmarks (especially rivers and roads). After the groups have reconciled their maps, they will be asked to overlay a new plastic sheet to plot down the reconciled landmarks. This map will used later for the consolidation of the barangay map.


Map Join / Edge Match - Page 19

4. Each group is asked to make corrections of their individual

working maps (if necessary) based on the reconciled landmarks. This will become their reference maps for the succeeding mapping exercise.

Upland Development Programme July 2004 Version Land Use Planning Facilitator’s Manual Title Of Activity:

Land Cover Map

Objective:

Land Cover Map of the barangay is formulated. Data on the various land classification according to cover crops/ vegetation is gathered.

Expected Outputs:

Land Cover Map Land Classification Matrix

Timeframe:

2 hours

Materials Needed:

• Barangay base map templates (in clear paper sheet) • Drainage map, Road Network map, Settlements / Infrastructure map

(in plastic sheets) • Plastic sheets • pentel pens • acetone and cottons

Steps:

1. Short Input: • What is a Land Cover/Vegetative Map?

- Land Cover Map reflects the distribution of land uses covering the entire barangay specifically based on its existing land cover.


- This map is to determine the vegetative status of the lands covering the barangay.

- This map will be used in further determining environment and natural resource aspect of the proposed land use plan.


- Show an example of a Land Cover Map.

2. Ask the participants in a plenary about the different land cover

classifications within the barangay. Assist them in categorizing these into :

Land Cover - Page 20


Land Cover Categories

Sub-Categories Description

Natural Forests - “virgin forests” - natural forest areas not yet

being extinct. Brushlands / Fallow Lands (logged-over forest areas)

- usually known as “LATI” - predominantly covered with

shrub growth or short, stunned trees or shrubs

- areas where large or small scale logging operations have previously occurred

- these lands are usually utilized by local farmers through “slash and burn” farming or kaingin.

FORESTLANDS

Production Forests - plantation forests ; areas where trees are planted for commercial purposes

- presently logged areas through either small or large scale operation

Cash crops - lands “purely “ or generally (more than 80%) planted with short & medium term crops (crops are totally extracted / harvested in short period of time – within a year from planting)

- examples of short-term crops are corn, rootcrops, peanuts, vegetables, etc.

- examples of medium-term crops are banana, abaca, etc.

AGRICULTURAL LANDS

Permanent Crops - lands “purely” or generally (more than 80%) planted with long-term crops (crops that can be harvested for a longer period of time after planting ; and cannot be totally extracted)

- examples of long-term crops are coconut, fruit trees, coffee, cacao, etc.




Land Cover Categories

Sub-Categories Description

Mixed Crops - lands equally planted with both short/medium term and long-term crops either to mixed-cropping or inter-cropping.

- lands planted with both tree crops (either fruit trees, coffee, coconut) and short/medium cash crops (such as corn, vegetables, banana)

Aquaculture Areas - fishponds GRASSLANDS Grasslands /

Grazing or Pasture Lands

- known as “kasagbutan” or “cogonal” or “talahib”

- these lands are unproductive lands usually abandoned either used in the past for logging or farming.

WETLANDS (not in HLURB)

Swamp/Marshes - known as “lamak” - water bodies with various

forms of vegetation.

BARREN or DENUDED LANDS (not in HLURB)

Barren lands - lands without or very little vegetation either because of quarrying or mining (especially open-pit mining operations) within the barangay

- lands is predominantly covered with very limited grasses or just “bare soil”

OTHERS (pls. specify)

- if there are other unique features of land cover that cannot be categorize with any of the above.

3. Ask the participants to identify and locate into the plastic sheet the

different land cover using their own legends or the suggested legends previously indicated. Legends should be properly and eligibly written in the map.

4. After locating these in the map, ask the participants to determine the area per land use by using square grids in plastic sheet. Each square represents a ground area depending on scale of base map and dimension of square grids. They shall also calculate the total land area of the sitio. Then describe the specific characteristics of



these land use as to sizes and condition using the matrix below:

Existing Land Cover

Estimated Land area (in has.)

Present condition (eg. Increasing or

decreasing land sizes, decreasing vegetation,

depleting soil fertility, etc.) Total Land Area:

(refer to determined total land area in the map)

Forestlands Natural

Brushlands/Fallow Lands

Plantation Agricultural Lands

Cash Crops Permanent

Crops

Mixed Crops

Grasslands Wetlands Barren Lands

Others (please specify)

Problems and concerns:

5. Ask the participants to report their workshop outputs in 3 minutes

per group. Questions shall be entertained during open forum.

6. Deepening/Synthesis Some guide questions for the deepening/synthesis:

Based on the groups land cover maps, what in general is the major land use in terms of cover within the barangay? What is the trend (i.e. increasing hectarage of agricultural lands, etc.)?

What is the existing condition of these lands (i.e. depletion of soil fertility, etc.)?

Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. This is useful for the situational analysis.


Title Of Activity:

Protection Map

Objective:

Participants are informed about the various environmental laws that govern the utilization of uplands in the area. Participants are able to identify laws that are applicable in their areas. Protection Areas within the barangay is delineated / mapped-out.

Expected Outputs:

Protection Areas Map Land Use Characteristics Matrix

Timeframe:

2 hours

Materials Needed:

Related literatures of various environmental laws such as NIPAS and CBFMA primers. All thematic maps previously produced.

Steps:

1. PURPOSE : Start the session by explaining briefly the purpose of

this activity.

- increase the awareness of the community on existing laws protecting the watersheds

- solicit reactions and feedbacks of the community on the appropriateness and relevance of these laws.

- find out ways on how to manage these areas in a manner that will avoid either loss of soil or degradation of the vegetation in these areas.

2. INFORMATION / AWARENESS ON LOCAL LAWS : a) Follow the explanation of the purpose by asking the participants if

there are any areas within the barangay that are being protected against human activity by virtue of a local ordinance, resolution or just a simple understanding among residents.

b) Ask how the extent of these areas is defined and the size either in hectares or meters.

c) If the facilitator have available copies of existing municipal ordinances on protection areas area, present these to the participants and ask if they are aware of these. If not, then solicit

Protection Map - Page 24


reactions on whether they agree with it. If the response is positive then post this item on the board for consideration later. If the response is negative, lay the issue aside to be taken up in a future dialogue with concerned agencies.

d) If facilitator have gathered confirmed information that there are existing portions of the barangay that are identified by DENR and other agencies such as NCIP as protection areas, it would also be better to inform the participants and ask if they are aware of these. As such, ask their reactions on these. If they have positive reactions consider post this in the matrix and if not, note it down for future resolution.

3. INFORMATION / AWARENESS ON NATIONAL LAWS : a) After all local policies on local laws on protection areas, the

facilitator or invited resource speakers from DENR can start to discuss the policies under the National Protected Areas System (NIPAS). These are the following:

Protected Areas Description Highly elevated areas with very steep slopes

Areas with slope of 50% and above (more than 27°) and a mean elevation greater than 1,000 meters above sea level.

Proclaimed protected areas

These include proclaimed watersheds, forest reserves, national parks and other protected areas.

Old growth forests (“virgin forests” )

Virgin forests that have a land size of more than 50 has. in land

Civil and military reservations

Areas for military detachment and training sites



Protected Areas Description Riparian zones

Strips of land of not less than 20-40 meters in riverbanks or both sides of principal river systems, its tributaries and headwaters. Specifically, riparian zones are measured as :

• 40 meters both sides of the river located within the forests or public lands

• 20 meters both sides of the river located within A&D areas or titled lands)

b. Once the participants are able to understand these laws national

laws ask the participants to add and describe these on the matrix presented earlier (2.d) on protected areas.

4. PLOTTING THE PROTECTED AREAS ON THE MAP

a. Ask the participants to overlay a new plastic sheet on directly the base map (set aside first the other previously done thematic maps)

b. Explain how to define areas above 50% slope given the scale and contour interval. The following are some guidelines on how to determine the slopes and elevation on the base map:

GUIDE ON HOW TO DETERMINE THE SLOPE AND ELEVATION ON THE BASE (TOPO) MAP:

- Percent slope is represented by the formula : rise / run x 100 (r elevation) divided by horizontal distance x 100 - Get the quotient of contour interval (in meters) over the

percentage in decimal format (50% divided by 100 = 0.5) Example: scale = 1:50,000 contour interval = 20m computation = 20m / 50% = 40m



- Therefore, using the above example, contour lines 40 meters

apart represent areas where 50% slopes begin. All other contours that are of less distance apart area above 50%. Since the map scale is 1:50,000, this means that every millimeter on the map is equivalent to 50 meters on the ground because there are 1,000 millimeters per meter (formula is 50,000 / 1000 = 50) .

- Therefore, 40m divided by 50m = 0.8 of a millimeter.

This is the distance between contours on the map where 50% slopes begin.

- On a slip of a clipboard, thick paper or plastic, mark the map distance representing the start of 50% slopes (0.8 mm in the above example). This serves as the slope guide template.

- Remove the slope guide template along contour lines and

mark out all areas that fall above 50% slope (lines less in width than the guide) by shading with a specific color or hatching to derive a map showing all areas above 50% slope.

- After the areas with slopes above 50% have been marked on

the plastic overlay, locate the 1,000-meter contour lines and shade or hatch areas higher than 1,000 masl elevation.

c. Remove the plastic sheet from the base map. Then overlay this

on the land cover map and mark out all virgin forests, if there are any.

d. If there are known habitats of protected fauna and sites of cultural or historical significance that need to be protected, then map these out too using your own legends/symbols.

e. Remove the plastic sheet from the land cover map and place over the other thematic maps.

f. Then map out other identified protected areas identified explained earlier using their own legends or the suggested legends.

g. Extract the area of the identified protected areas then conduct a discussion on the problems and issues facing these. It would be useful to have the participants prepare a matrix on the characteristics of these areas.




General Characteristics of Identified Protected Areas

Protected Areas Legal basis (name of law/ordinance)

Specific Location (e.g. name of sitio, etc.)

Estimated Land Area (in has)

Present Land Use (are they still being protected? Why?)

Highly elevated areas with very steep slopes

Proclaimed protected areas

Old growth forests (“virgin forests” )

Civil and military reservations

Riparian zones

5. Ask each group to present and explain their outputs and thereafter

facilitate an open forum geared towards clarification or improvement of the map.



- Based on the protection map, are there many protected areas within the barangay?

- Were the people aware of these protected areas? Why?

- In general, were these protected areas still protected? - If not, what are the reasons why these were not

protected by the people / communities? - If yes, what are the factors that helped protect these

areas? - What are the common issues and concerns regarding

the implementation of these protection areas in the barangay?

Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. These are

useful for the situational analysis.


Title Of Activity:

Flooding Hazard Map

Objective:

Participants are able to identify areas within the barangay where flooding usually occur.. Flooding Hazard Areas of the barangay is formulated.

Expected Outputs:

Flooding Hazard Map Flooding Hazard Areas Descriptive Matrix

Timeframe:

2 hours

Materials Needed:

All thematic maps previously produced.

Steps:

1. PURPOSE: Start the session by explaining briefly the purpose/background

of this activity.

- The map will show areas where flooding usually occur. - The flooding hazard and erosion map may be used in identifying

environmentally critical areas that would require attention (like areas where stagnant water may cause sanitation/health problems). It could also be used in determining the type and capacity of drainage and other environmental projects.

2. BASIC INFORMATION ON FLOODING HAZARDS: - Environmental factors such as soil type, slope, rainfall intensity and tidal

fluctuations of bodies of water affect the degree of flooding hazard. Various soil classes have different capacities to drain surface water.

- Flooding generally occurs in level or depressed areas. As the slope becomes steeper, the susceptibility to flood decreases.

- On the other hand, the greater the amount of rainfall the higher the susceptibility to flood since there will e more surface water that has to be drained. Likewise, the water level of the river, lake,etc. would case flooding in affected areas.

- Five flooding hazard categories maybe determined by considering two factors: soil drainage and slope (see table below)

Flooding Hazards Map - Page 29


Category Soil Absorption Capacity

Slope

1. no flooding hazard Well drained Moderately drained Poorly drained

Any slope 5% over 8% over

2. slight flooding hazard

Very poorly drained Moderately drained Poorly drained

15% over 3-5% 5-8%

3. moderate flooding hazard

Very poorly drained Moderately drained Poorly drained Very poorly drained

8-15% 0-3% 3-5% 5-8%

4. severe flooding hazard

Poorly drained Very poorly drained

0-3% 3-5%

5. very severe flooding hazard

Well drained 0-3%

3. PLOTTING THE FLOODING HAZARD AREAS ON THE MAP

a. Ask the participants to overlay a new plastic sheet on the various thematic overlay maps.

b. Then ask them to plot on the map the locations where flooding usually occur . Ask them to assign specific names of number (or letters) of each identified area.. Use own legends or prescribed legends and indicate the categories indicated above (numbers 2 to 5).

c. Then conduct a discussion on the problems and issues facing these based on the information they provided in the matrix below.

Area Location (either number of letter)

Estimated Land Size being flooded

Frequency (When does flood usually occur ?)

What are the usual damages that happen when flood happen in this particular area?

What are the causes of the flood in this area?

4. PRESENTATION OF OUTPUTS. Ask each group to present and explain their outputs and thereafter facilitate an open forum geared towards clarification or improvement of the map.






- Based on the flood hazard map, is the area susceptible to flood?

- What are the usual damages? What are the common causes? - Are there measures to address this? If year, what are these? If

none, why none? - What are the common issues and concerns regarding the

implementation of flood control measures in the barangay? Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. These are useful for the

situational analysis.


Title Of Activity:

Erosion Map

Objective:

Participants are able to identify areas within the barangay where erosion usually occur. Soil Erosion Map of the barangay is formulated.

Expected Outputs:

Erosion Map Erosion Areas Descriptive Matrix

Timeframe:

2 hours

Materials Needed:


Steps:

1. PURPOSE: Start the session by explaining briefly the

purpose/background of this activity.

- The map will show the areas where erosion usually occur. - An Erosion map is an important analytical tool in determining

land capability and soil suitability for specific crops, identifying suitable areas for agriculture and determining protective measures for land development and land management.

- The erosion map may be used in identifying environmentally critical areas that would require attention (especially steep lands that are being cultivated). It could also be used in determining the various soil and water conservation measures and other environmental projects.

2. BASIC INFORMATION ON EROSION POTENTIAL

HAZARDS: - Soil erosion, by definition, is the process by which soil particles

are detached and transported primarily by run-off water. - The erosion potential of any area is primarily dependent on the

soil, type, slope, type of vegetation and the intensity of rainfall. - The degree of erosion is dependent on the inter-relationship of the

above factors. For example, in two areas with similar soil type, slope and vegetation but with extreme difference in the intensity of rainfall would have different degree of erosion.

Erosion Map - Page 32


Erosion Map - Page 33

- The erosion potential of an area may fall within any of the five categories:

a. NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO EROSION b. SLIGHTLY SUSCEPTIBLE c. MODERATELY SUSCEPTIBLE d. HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE e. VERY HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE

3. PLOTTING THE EROSION AREAS ON THE MAP


b. Then ask them to plot on the map the locations where erosion usually occur. Ask them to assign specific names of number (or letters) of each identified area.. Use own legends or prescribed legends and indicate the categories indicated above (Letters A to E).


Area Location (either number of letter)

Estimated Land Area where erosion occur

What are the present land uses of these areas? (eg. Agricultural lands, etc.)

What are the specific manifestation of soil erosion in this particular area?

What are the concrete effects of soil erosion in this area?

What are the causes of the erosion in this area?




- Based on the erosion map, is soil erosion rampant in the rea to flood? - What are the usual effects? What are the common causes? - Are there measures to address this? If year, what are these? If none, why

none? - What are the common issues and concerns regarding the implementation of

soil and water conservation measures in the barangay? Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. These are useful for the situational analysis.


Title Of Activity:

Tenure Map

Objective:

Participants are able to identify areas within the barangay that are covered with various tenurial instruments. Tenurial Map of the barangay is formulated.

Expected Outputs:

Tenurial Map Tenurial Descriptive Matrix

Timeframe:

2 hours

Materials Needed:


Steps:

1. PURPOSE: Start the session by explaining briefly the

purpose/background of this activity.

- Tenurial map deals with the various modes of ownership of the people over the lands within the barangay;

- Focuses on the various land tenurial instruments issued by various government agencies which regulates the manner the lands were occupied, possessed and utilized by either individual families, clans (for IPs), organizations)

- These tenurial instruments refers to the legal rights or claims devolved or awarded to individuals by authorized government agencies supposedly for proper utilization and management.

2. IMPORTANCE OF TENURIAL MAP - It will help people assess the conflicting conditions required

by the various land tenurial instruments over the lands. - It will assist the planners / officials to identify appropriate

tenurial instruments for the barangay residents. - Assumption: Increased tenurial security has been linked to

sustainable farming practices and forest management. It is perceived that people are willing to invest scarce resources if they know that ultimately they will reap the benefits of conservation activities. That is why it is important to look at appropriate tenurial instruments as one of the major development agenda to sustainable management of the natural resources within the barangay.

Tenurial Map - Page 34


3. VARIOUS LAND TENURIAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER FORMS OF LAND OWNERSHIP PRESENT IN UPLAND COMMUNITIES.

Tenurial Instruments

Implementing Agencies

Specific Program

Target Areas

Qualified Participants

CSC (Certificate of Stewardship Contract) / CFSA (Community Forest Stewardship Agreement)

DENR

Integrated Social Forestry (ISF)

Occupied forest lands except national parks and critical watersheds

Upland farmers/ communities who are actual tillers

NFP Contract (3 years)

DENR

National Forestation Program (NFP)

Open and denuded forestland

POs, NGOs, LGUs and family residents

Forest Land Management Agreement (FLMA)

DENR

Forest Land Management Agreement (FLMA)

NFP contracted areas which have 80% reforestationsuccess.

Community/contractors with at least 80% survival after 3 years

Community Forest Management Agreement (CFMA)

DENR

Community Forest Program (CFP)

Residual forest, old growth forest areas and denuded forestlands

Upland community / PO

Industrial Forest Program (IFP)

DENR

Industrial Forest Management Agreement (IFMA)

Degraded residual forest, residual production forest

Private sector/NGOs/POs



Tenurial Instruments

Implementing Agencies

Specific Program

Target Areas Qualified Participants

Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) / Certificate of Land Claim (CALT)

NCIP

IPRA

Areas occupied by the indigenous cultural communities since time immemorial

Indigenous peoples (clan and individual households)

Community-based forest Management Agreement (CBFMA)

DENR / LGU

Community-based Forest Management Program

All timberlands excluding watersheds and strict protection zones of protected areas.

Upland farmers / actual tillers

Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement (SIFMA)

DENR

Socialized Industrial Forest Management

Unclaimed forestlands with partial stocks

Upland farmers

Certificate of Land Ownership Agreement (CLOA)

DAR

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

Agricultural / cultivated lands covered by DAR

Farmers

Rights (or “angkon-angkon”)

none

none

Untitled lands

Farmers , absentee land owners

Tax Declaration

Municipal LGU Assessor

Land Management Services

Titled lands; Cadastral surveyed areas

Land occupants who have stayed in the land for many years.

Others (please specify)




4. PLOTTING THE TENURIAL DESCRIPTION ON THE MAP


b. Then ask them to plot on the map the locations covered by the tenurial instruments or various forms of land ownership. Ask them to assign specific names of number (or letters) of each identified area.. Use own legends or prescribed legends and indicate the choices indicated above.


Land Tenurial Instruments or other forms of land ownership

Estimated Land Area covered by these

Who are the actual beneficiaries/ recipients of these?

What is the status of these tenurial instruments?

Problems encountered or issues and concerns on these modes of land ownership

(e.g. awarded, on-process or for application, etc.)




- Based on the tenurial map, what are the most common modes of land ownership?

- What are the usual problems and concerns? How does this contribute to the existing land uses in the barangay? Have these caused further misuse of land resources in the barangay?

- Are there measures to address this? If yes, what are these? If none, why none? - What are the possible measures or what mode of land ownership or tenurial

instrument is appropriate in the barangay? Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. These are useful for the situational analysis.


Title Of Activity:

Land Use Conflict and Issues Map

Objective:

Participants are informed about the common land use conflicts and issues in uplands. Land Use Conflicts and opportunities in specific areas within the sitios are identified and discussed.

Expected Outputs:

Land Use Problem Map Land Use Analysis Matrix

Timeframe:

3 to 4 hours

Materials Needed:

All thematic Maps Manila Paper Pentel Pens Masking Tapes

Steps:

1. Input on Land Use Conflict and Issues

Land Use Conflict and Issues in the Uplands. - “ The forest resources in the upland watershed areas of Southern Mindanao ,

once considered inexhaustible, have nearly all but disappeared and the farming population in the upland watersheds is still growing rapidly. The farming communities that have settled in the watershed areas apply unsustainable agricultural methods, which further reduce the quality of the resource base. An important reason for this is that farmers often lack security of tenure and hence hardly invest in sustainable resource management and agriculture. They also lack appropriate extension and financial services which prevent them from applying suitable technologies for sustainable resource management….” (page i, Executive Summary , UDP Global Workplan)

Conflict Areas are the specific areas within the protection and

production forest lands where the current land use is in conflict with the designated or designed function area. A decision will need to be made as to their best possible use thus they are also referred to as “decision zones”.

Land Use Conflicts Map - Page 38


Examples of Decision Zones or Conflict Areas that can be

observed in upland areas:

- A & D areas in high elevation and steep slopes - Settlements inside or at the periphery of protection forests - Poorly managed/undeveloped tenured areas - Protection forest without forest cover - Production forest without forest cover - Cultivated steep slopes

How do these land use conflicts affect the living condition of

the people? Existing land uses in uplands have resulted to many

environmental problems (such as flood, erosion, depleting soil fertility, etc.) that have eventually caused the deteriorating resource base of the community. Thus, problems such as decreased productivity, high inputs, etc. are experienced by the farmers. With the very minimal support services, all of these have resulted to the poverty condition of the farming communities in the uplands.

No FEAR ….

- From here, the facilitator will emphasize that land use conflicts and issues have already aggravated in the uplands perhaps also in this barangay.

WARNING : Facilitator should be sensitive on the participants reaction. Based on experience, some participants tend to back off and hesitate to declare that their farmlands are located in protection areas because of fear of being accused of violating the laws just introduced. The following are some methodologies to consider in order to avoid this. - In a subtle way, assure the participants that they will not be legally

reprimanded for their existing land use in protection areas (such as penalties or evicting them from their farmlands).

- The facilitator may also affirm that the farmers did not have any choice due to their lack of knowledge on the laws, lack of support services for them to enhance production in production areas, lack security of tenure, lack of knowledge on appropriate technologies and others.

2. MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS.

Ask the participants to identify the conflict and opportunity areas. It maybe useful to do a map overlay analysis which simply involves the superimposition of two or more thematic maps (but not too many as too avoid confusions) to define areas which meet a given set of criteria or conditions.



The following are various map overlay analysis with some probing questions to guide the facilitators during the brainstorming. To further in the actual analysis and documentation , the matrix down below may be used during the discussion: Maps Overlayed (examples)

Issues and Concerns (conflict areas) *

Explanations (descriptions)

Implications of these if unresolved

Protection Map vs. Land Cover Map

Settlements/Infrastructure vs. Protection Map

Protection Map vs. Land Tenure Map

Erosion Map and Flood Map vs. Land Cover

Land Tenure Map vs. Protection Map

Others • to be consolidated later.

Examples of guide for the facilitation of discussion during the map overlay analysis:

• Overlaying of Protection Map VS. Land Cover Map - to identify forest lands without adequate forest cover (i.e. those

used for agriculture, grassland/brushlands, etc.) - Probe Questions :

• Are there declared forest lands or areas with steep slopes that are being cultivated?

• Are these identified protected areas properly managed / protected by the government?

• Settlements/Infra Map VS. Protection Map - to identify settlements that are inside or at the periphery of

protection forests. - Probe Questions:

• Are the settlements located within or at the periphery of the protection areas? Is the direction of increasing # of settlements towards the protection areas?



• Drainage/Road Network VS. Settlements and Infrastructure VS. Protection Areas VS. Cover Crop (could be done alternately)

- to determine if the communities have access to existing infrastructures;

- to determine if the present road network has facilitated easy access for the farmers to their farms and other major establishments (such as market, etc.)

- to determine if the communities have access to existing sources of water for drinking and other basic needs.

- to determine major infrastructure are located within or towards the protection areas.

- Probe Questions: • Does the people have access to these infrastructure? Have these

facilities served its purpose especially in providing easy access and better mobility of the farmers?

• Are there potential water sources (esp. springs) that could have provided water to the communities that are not untapped? Are these very far from where the people are living?

• Are the major road facilities or post harvest facilities (solar dryer, mill, etc.) located within the protection areas?

LAND USE ANALYSIS MATRIX

- After having done the various overlay analysis, the facilitator will help the participants the common issues and concerns. The consolidated issues and concerns will then be categorize according to conflict areas or decision zones.

- Ask the participants to locate the areas where the identified issues are existing and give identification for each area identified (name/title or number/letter ). The result of the discussion will immediately be written down in the matrix below:

Legend Conflict

Area / Decisions

Zones

Common Land Use Conflicts and Issues (brief

description)

1 2 3 4

Note: The facilitator should be warned about too lengthy discussion on a particularly issue. It is important to note that this is not yet the time to provide solutionsto these conflicts. As soon as the issue / question/conflict is raised and clarified then the facilitator should leave it as such. Discussions on solutions or alternatives will be discussed during the Proposed Land Use Workshop.




3. LAND USE CONFLICT MAP

Using the legends on the Land Use Analysis Matrix, ask the participants to reflect all the identified conflict zones in a plastic sheet overlay map.

4. REPORTING

Ask the participants to report their workshop outputs in 3 minutes per group. Questions shall be entertained during open forum.

5. DEEPENING/SYNTHESIS Some guide questions for the deepening/synthesis: - What are the common land use conflict and issues of the barangay?

Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. This is useful for the situational analysis.


Proposed Land Use Map - Page 44

Title Of Activity:

Workshop on Proposed Land Use and Land Use Intervention (Projects) Maps

Objective:

Participants are able to evaluate the possible options for each zones and the formulate priority strategic options in resolving the identified land use conflicts and issues.

Expected Outputs:

Proposed Land Use Map Proposed Land Use Intervention (Projects) Map Proposed Land Use Characteristics Matrix

Timeframe:

2 hours

Materials Needed:

Land Use Conflict Map

Expected Timeframe:

2 hours

Steps:

PART ONE: Formulation of the PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE MAP

1. Identify existing land utilization policies established by law, by the DENR or by local legislative bodies that may apply to some of the identified conflict areas. This would immediately resolve those types of issues which simply require clarifications.

2. For the other issues, identify the options or alternative actions for each. The option could be any of the following:

- change land uses - change forest management scheme - local policy reform

3. Below is a table on the basic criteria for determining the

suitability of land to general land uses:


General Land

Uses

Purpose Basic Criteria

A. BUILT-UP AREAS

- residential areas - commercial /

infrastructure areas

- site should be fairly flat and not more than 5% in slope

- should be agriculturally marginal and not covered under the NPA or any of the identified protected areas.

- Should be free from periodic flooding, landslides and other natural hazards

- Should accessible by all weather roads

B. AGRICULTURAL LANDS

General Criteria: - soils should not be rocky and

stony which hamper tillage; - soil depth, A and B horizons,

should at least be 50 cm for variability of uses

- soil acid level should not range from 5.5 to 7.9 depending on the crops to be planted

- areas should not be stocked with timber producing species.

- Should not fall under any of the identified protected areas.

- There must be continuous source of water supply throughout the year.

B.1 Cash Crop or (Mixed Crop with more cash

crop)

- For annual crops, slope should not exceed 8%;

B.2 Permanent Crops

(Agroforestry) or mixed with more permanent crops

- Area to be cultivated for production (either for consumption and market surpluses )

- While for perennial crops, it should not exceed 18% to avoid erosion but not exceed 50% slope.

- Elevation is from 1 meter to 2,000 meters above sea level.

- Area should have not adequate commercial timber stocking and could not be developed as productive forest plantation.

- Area should be naturally drained or drainable with few drainage developments.



General Land Uses


B.3 Mixed Crops - - Lands equally planted with both short/medium and long-term crops either through mixed-cropping or intercropping

- Lands planted with both tree crops (either fruit trees, coffee, coconut ) and short/medium cash crops (such as corn, vegetables, banana)

B.4 Aquaculture - - fishponds -

C. FOREST LANDS

- usually areas with slope more than 50% and with elevation more than 1,000 meters above sea level.

C.1 Protection

Forests

- Areas that perform vital ecological functions and pose some from of hazards to human

- settlements.

- all forest lands proclaimed as protected under the NIPAS category such as virgin forests, etc.

- areas with steep mountain terrain like mossy forest with slope of 50% and above and a mean elevation of more than 1,000 meters above sea level

- riparian zones - remaining areas of manmade

and natural forests within the barangay with very small forest areas and to be reserved for greenbelts (tree parks, protection of water sources, etc.)

- areas with at least 5% of the total land area covered by existing and /or to be approved timber concessions.



General Land Uses


C. 3 Production Forest

- forest areas used for commercial purposes (production of forest products)

- adequately stocked logged-over areas and inadequately stocked logged-over areas which can be productive by applying proper management techniques

- brushlands and open lands where commercial forest originally occurred which could be economically developed into industrial tree plantations and tree farms.

- Primary and/or secondary forest with abundant minor forest products that can be extracted commercially (these forest lands should not fall under the NIPAs category)

Mining - Areas covered by

proclamation and mineral reservations

- Areas covered by mineral lease, contracts, permits or licenses

Civil and Military Reservation areas

- Areas with already existing or declaration as civil and military reservation areas.

Tourism

- Establishment of recreation / tourism sites / facilities

D. OTHER SPECIAL LAND USES

Others -



4. Plot these proposed land use on a separate overlay plastic sheet. And indicate estimated land area for each using the matrix below:

Land use category Estimated Area

Coverage (in hectare) Percent of total land area (%)

BUILT-UP AREAS AGRICULTURAL LANDS

Cash crops Permanent Crosps

Mixed Crops Aquaculture

FORESTLANDS Protection

Production OTHER SPECIAL LAND USES

PART 2: FORMULATION OF THE LAND USE INTERVENTION MAP 5. The same matrix used in land use conflicts will be used in

this exercise. Below is an example of a conflict area and the options that can be considered to address the issue:

Land Use Issues and Recommendations Matrix:

Proposed General Land Uses

Conflict Issues to be resolved (refer to conflict map)

Alternatives Options (specific measures to be done)

Recommended Action / Projects

6. Select the best projects / actions from among the alternatives

options. The following considerations are important in evaluating the options or projects:




• Technical considerations, based mainly on physical features ( see Annex for some considerations in evaluating land use)

• Ecological considerations or the compatibility of the proposed land use to the general ecosystem conservation objective

• Economic costs and benefits of assigning a land use to a parcel of land.

• Social acceptability of a land use assignment. Note: This part of the workshop, the facilitator should guide the participants in selecting technically-sound options.

It is also important that the participants should be guided with the specific land use conflicts and issues that it would address based on the land use conflicts identified in the previous maps.

7. Present the issues and recommended action to LGU and DENR executives, local government councils and heads of concerned agencies who are present during the workshop.

8. Prepare Proposed Five – Year Land Use Intervention Map

• A new plastic will be overlayed on the proposed land use map. Then, the participants are asked to plot down projects/measures on each land use categories.

• Below are few examples of these alternative measures to realize the proposed land use plan in the next five years:

- Communal reforestation projects in identified protected areas - Agroforestry projects in proposed agricultural (permanent)

land uses. - Contour-based farming systems in proposed agricultural

(cash crops) land uses - Issuance of Appropriate LTI in proposed agricultural lands

(participants with the advise of the technical experts from DENR or LGUs may specify what particular LTI is needed by the residents)

- Joint Declaration / Reinforcement of proposed protection zones by DENR-LGU and DILG

- Bamboo plantation projects in identified riparian zones. • Assign distinct legends of the various projects/actions



identified by the group.

9. REPORTING

Ask the participants to report their workshop outputs in 3 minutes per group. Questions shall be entertained during open forum.

10. DEEPENING/SYNTHESIS

Some guide questions for the deepening/synthesis: - Do you think the proposed land use map could be a solution to

the existing situation of the local environment illustrated in the very first workshop?

Note: Write down important points on the manila paper where the matrix is written. This is useful for

the situational analysis.

11. SIGNING OF PROPOSED LAND USE MAP

Ask the DENR, MPDO and other LGU officials present during the land use to affix their signature in the Proposed Land Use Map illustrated in the plastic sheet. This is important for the legitimization of the plan.

Annexes

Annex B: Techniques on How to Make a Three-Dimensional Topomap Purpose of the 3-D TopoMap:

• provides more effective visual representation of the landscape ; • shows physical vertical dimension that provides essential cues for stimulating

memory and for establishing spatial associations • serves as a supplemental guide or more visual representation for the

participants to effectively interpret / verify the blank topomap (flat map presented in paper ) which will be used for the actual mapping exercise

• making abstract information in the flat / blank topomap more tangible How to make the 3D Map: 1 - Materials Needed (should be prepared ahead)

• Modeling clay (different colors) ; quantity may vary according to what elevation is more dominant in the area based on the topomap. For example, the map shows that the dominant elevation level is 1,500 masl (representing yellow color) then the facilitator should prepare more yellow colored modeling clay.

• Barangay Base/Perimeter map (printed in flipchart size paper ; scale 1:10,000 to 1:25,000 depending on the area of the barangay)

• Other Materials (any) to represent some landmarks presented in the base map such as stones/pushpins (for barangay halls, purok centers, etc), sticks or ropes (for roads), clay, peebles, etc. (for river)

2 - Give a brief orientation on how to read the base map (see attached guide) 3 - Prepare two barangay-wide base topo maps (one will be used for the 3D map

and the other will be posted on the wall for future reference). (NOTE: This is a separate base map. The base map to be used in the actual land

use map will be either maps covering one sitio or cluster of sitios to facilitate more focused discussion among the participants.)

4 - Steps in assembling the 3-D Model TopoMap:

a) Using the barangay-base map, orient the participants on the colors representing the various elevation in the barangay.

b) Assign a specific color for each elevation level c) Guided by the shape and intervals between the contour lines in the topo map,

ask the participants to form the contour lines with modeling clay using assigned color. It is easier to start in contour intervals with the lowest elevation (masl).

d) Then, after having covered the contour intervals of the lowest elevation, the participants can proceed forming the contour lines of the higher elevations using the assigned color. This time, the contour lines formed should be

higher (more elevated) than the previous contour lines to emphasize change in elevation.

e) The same procedure will be done in succeeding contour lines with higher elevation.

f) After the participants have covered the entire base map, ask them to refine the form emphasizing the curves / shapes of the topography of the area.

g) Put on the chosen materials (e.g. stones, strings, etc.) to represent the various landmarks already indicated in the barangay base maps.

5 - Ask the participants to review the 3D map and compare this to the flat

barangay base map posted earlier on the wall. 6 - Place the finished 3D map in a certain place within / near the land use work

area so the participants could easily refer to this from time to time during the actual thematic mapping exercises.

GUIDE IN CHOOSING LEGENDS : for the UDP Barangay Land Use Planning

MAJOR FEATURES Thematic Maps Unit of

Measurements Lines Shapes

(Polygon) Symbols or

Points Colors Shades

(texture) Styles

(cartographic designs)

Codes (either

letters or numbers)

Drainage Map Kilometers (lakes)

(springs and

waterfalls only)

(all)

Road Network Map Kilometers Infrastructure and Settlements Map

Units Land Cover Map Hectarage

(for sub-categories)

Protection Map Hectarage Tenure Map Hectarage Flood Hazard Map Hectarage Erosion Map Hectarage Land Use Conflict and Issues

Hectarage (for sub-categories)

Proposed Land Use Map

Hectarage Proposed Land-Use Intervention Map

Hectarage (or other depending on the project/ activity type)

GENERAL TIPS ON CHOOSING LEGENDS:

1. Choose a major Type of Legend : example : LINES or SHAPES or SYMBOLS . 2. However, there are themes that need to use more than one type of legend. An example of this is the Drainage Map which may

use other features other than lines such as points (for springs, waterfalls) and polygons (lakes). 3. Choose a secondary legend to differentiate the various classifications of a particular thematic map:

Example : For Drainage Map - choose LINE (bold) as the MAJOR TYPE of LEGEND ; however, you may use points for springs/waterfalls and polygons for lakes - using same single line ; the classifications within the map may differ according to COLORS - DON’T use different colors, then different styles of lines (eg. single, double, crooked) ---- because this will create

confusion when you overlay the succeeding maps. Besides this, this will overload the legends use in one map. Limiting type of legends use in a map will facilitate effective interpretation in the formulation of the analysis of map overlay.

4. For thematic map with sub-categories, such as Land Cover Map , you may use three types of legends. Therefore, aside from the major and secondary legends, you have to decide on the TERTIARY Legend which will differentiate your legends according to its sub-categories.

- example : agricultural lands generally planted with cash crops --- green with slant shades 5. Avoid duplicating legends; if a particular legend type (e.g. slant shades, crooked lines, etc) is being used in other thematic

map --- avoid using this again in the succeeding maps. The facilitator should have a list of legends used and should be doubled check.

6. Facilitators should decide on the common legends to be used before the actual conduct of land use planning (as much as possible a day or days before). If there would be various workshop land use groups (say sitio groupings), the group facilitators SHOULD use the same legends in the various thematic maps.

7. Make sure that the symbols plotted in the plastic sheets are consistent in the symbols presented in the legends.

SOME ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR VARIOUS PROPOSED LAND USES Introduction: This is just an example to guide the facilitators in helping the participants determine the most appropriate

alternative options (projects/ activities/ schemes) which is the content of the last thematic map :Land Use Alternative Options. These options indicates the more specific measures that will be implemented to realize the 5-Year Barangay Proposed Land Uses.

Ideas from the participants should always be drawn-out first. The role of facilitators - who are technically

equipped - is just to enhance their ideas. It would be best if the planning team is composed of staff from Municipal Agriculture Office, CENRO/PENRO/MENRO, Municipal Engineers Office, etc..

Examples presented in this matrix may not be the best and only options. This matrix was intended only to give the

facilitator a clearer framework on what UDP means with specific options that would ensure the realization of the proposed land uses. The alternative options (in the form of projects or other specific actions) should be indicated in the Barangay 5-year Operational Plan and Annual Investment Plan (AIP) to ensure proper resource allocation and actual implementation of concerned agencies.

Proposed Land Uses

Description of Areas Some Alternative Options (Projects/Activities)

FORESTLANDS A. Protection - Areas that perform vital ecological functions

and pose some from of hazards to human - settlements. - usually areas with slope more than 50% and

with elevation more than 1,000 meters above sea level.

- all forest lands proclaimed as protected under the NIPAS category such as virgin forests, etc.

- areas with steep mountain terrain like mossy forest with slope of 50% and above and a mean elevation of more than 1,000 meters above sea level

- riparian zones - remaining areas of manmade and natural

forests within the barangay with very small forest areas and to be reserved for greenbelts (tree parks, protection of water sources, etc.

- areas with at least 5% of the total land area covered by existing and /or to be approved timber concessions.

Policy Advocacy / Regulation : - Declaration of DENR-LGU of protected areas (new or

old) within the barangay - Policies on compulsory tree planting (which can be

reinforced further by schools, churches, LGU, etc.) - Regulatory policies (such as allowing contracted

households to plant and benefit from economically viable species in protection forests and receive benefits from these products including portion from the main harvest

Mobilization / Organizing:

- Formation and deputizing LGU structures such as Barangay Environment Management Board (like PAMB) or people’s organizations to serve as “environmental watch dog” to protect these forest areas.

Specific Projects:

- Regular TREE PLANTING Activities (multi-sectoral) in identified sites

- Establishment of Community forests and Bufferzones pilot projects

- Research activities : inventory of forest resources, etc.

Proposed Land Uses

Some Alternative Options (Projects/Activities)

FORESTLANDS Production - forest areas used for commercial purposes

(production of forest products) - usually these forest areas are already saturated

with people or areas that are located in areas close to communities.

- adequately stocked logged-over areas and inadequately stocked logged-over areas which can be productive by applying proper management techniques

- brushlands and open lands where commercial forest originally occurred which could be economically developed into industrial tree plantations and tree farms.

- Primary and/or secondary forest with abundant minor forest products that can be extracted commercially (these forest lands should not fall under the NIPAs category)

Policy Advocacy / Regulation : - Regulatory policies (such as allowing forest tree

plantations to be established in identified areas with proper protection and sustainability schemes)

- Issuance of appropriate tenurial instruments to individuals or groups managing the production forests as recommended by barangay LGUs

Mobilization / Organizing:

- Organization of groups involved in commercial tree planting

Specific Projects:

- Establishment of small-scale forest plantation of ecological forests (managed by the barangay LGU)

- Establishment of small-scale commercial forests

Proposed Land Uses

Description Some Alternative Options (Projects/Activities)

Agricultural Lands

Permanent Crops

- Area to be cultivated for production (either for consumption and market surpluses )

- While for perennial crops, it should not exceed 18% to avoid erosion but not exceed 50% slope.

- Elevation is from 1 meter to 2,000 meters above sea level. - Area should have not adequate commercial timber stocking

and could not be developed as productive forest plantation. - Area should be naturally drained or drainable with few

drainage developments. Mixed Crops - Lands equally planted with both short/medium and long-term

crops either through mixed-cropping or intercropping - Lands planted with both tree crops (either fruit trees, coffee,

coconut ) and short/medium cash crops (such as corn, vegetables, banana)

Cash Crops - For short -term crops, slope should not exceed 8%;

Policy Advocacy/Regulation - Regulatory policies ; issuance of ordinances

declaring agricultural zones within the barangay with emphasis on the appropriate agricultural land use practices and application of SWC measures

Projects/Schemes:

- Recommended farming practices / schemes based on the slopes and soil capability/properties (refer to Annex C on Slope Treatment-Oriented Practices or STOP).

Proposed Land Uses

Description Some Alternative Options (Projects/Activities)

Built-Up Areas

- residential areas / commercial / infrastructure areas - site should be fairly flat and not more than 5% in slope - should be agriculturally marginal and not covered under the

NPA or any of the identified protected areas. - Should be free from periodic flooding, landslides and other

natural hazards - Should accessible by all weather roads

Policy Advocacy/Regulation - Regulatory policies ; issuance of ordinances

declaring settlement sites within the barangay for the next 5 years.

Projects/Schemes:

- Establishment of relocation sites (if needed) - Establishment of commercial infrastructures,

etc. - Etc.

Other Land Uses

- depends on the identified special land uses]

- do-

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