Barbara Radwanek-BąkPolish Geological Institute-Carpathian BranchPolias Geological Survey

Some problems

of sustainable management

of mineral resources in Poland

Polish mineral resources over centuries

Mile stones of the polish mining and prospection geology

• 1253 – rock salt underground Bochnia mine• 1290 - rock salt Wieliczka mine• 1415 - native sulphur mining in Swoszowice near Krakow• 1740 - lignite mine in the Turoszów area• 1822 - Zn-Pb Bolesław mine• 1947 - discovery of Kłodawa salt dome deposit • 1953 - discovery of huge native sulphur deposits in the Tarnobrzeg area• 1954 - discovery of lignite deposits by Konin and Bełchatów• 1957 – discovery of Cu ore deposits in the Lubin-Polkowice area• 1959 – KGHM –Cu ores mining and processing plant• 1959 - opencast sulphur mine in Piaseczno• 1967 - discovery of hard coal deposit Łęczna in the Lublin Basin• 1974 - Zn-Pb mine at Olkusz• 1975 - lignite Bełchatów mine• 1982 - hard coal mine Bogdanka in the Lublin Basin

Number of deposits Intrinsically Economic Resources

ExtractionMinerals Total of witch were

exploited

State on 31.12 2005

of which were exploited

Energy source 598 329 56,473.12 17,992.10 163.17

of which is solid 209 58 56,214.31 17,829.58 156.81

Narural gas 256 183 154.35 127.72 5.23

Crude oil 89 69 19.52 18.26 0.87

Lignite 76 10 13,634.93 1,788.88 61.19

Hard coal 133 48 42,579.38 16,040.70 95.62

Metallic raw materials 36 8 2,204.73 1,391.24 31.02

Zinc and lead ores 21 3 174.06 34.95 4.9

Copper ores 15 5 2,030.67 1,356.29 26.12

Chemical raw materials 48 11 81,331.42 11,310.55 4.77

Native sulphur 17 5 468.47 38.05 0.78

Rock salt 19 5 80,187.64 11,200.42 3.99

Industral minerals and rocks 7,95 2,746 53,139.20 15,865.58 167.39

Gypsums and anhydrites 15 4 260.88 115.12 1.17

Ceramic and common clays 1,332 358 4,7730.04 627.14 6.24

Crushed and dimension stones 556 227 8,201.85 3,874.90 28.70

Natural aggregate 5,118 1,893 14,637.32 3,301.73 81.40

Glass sand 30 7 601.40 133.91 1.88

Peat 183 79 76.58 34.53 0.84

Limestone and marls for thecement and lime industry

177 38 18,029.32 6,063.10 29.61

The main mineral resources and the amount of their extraction in 2005;in million tonnes, natural gas in billions m3

Future forecast of the mining development in Poland

Raw material Resources, economic and spatial planning conditioning

Forecast

Crude oil limited resources; small, old mines no development

Natural gas new resources and discoveries are possible, no economic neither ecological restrictions

moderate development

Hard coal decreasing reserves in the active deposits - some new mines necessary to be builtreorganization of mining sector, ecological restrictions

status-quo, decreasing trend

Lignite extensive identified resources, ecological restrictions

good conditions despite restrictions

Cu ores(+ Ag, Au, Ni, Re, Se) economic reserves sufficient for about 30 years long extraction

good conditions

Zn-Pb ores economic reserves almost depleted, closure of active mines is expected in 5 years; first working of reserve deposits necessary

exploitation almostfinished

Rock salt large identified resources good conditions

Natural aggregates large resources on a country scale, but shortage in some regions many strong ecological restrictions, decreasing deposits availability due to nature protection and land-use planning factors, good economic and market condition

increasing of environmental and land-use conflicts with opencast mining

strong development during 5 years

Dimension and crushed stones

Ceramic and common clays

Environmental and spatial planning conditioning of mining activity

• 1. A neccessity of keeping a number of environmental standards (water and air pollution, noise,

waste management)• • 2. Minimization of anthropogenic impacts of mining industry to the environment

• 3. Growing of nature protected areas and objects

• 4. Development of housing and growing of spatial-planning conflicts

• 5. Decreasing of a mineral deposits and mineral resources accessibility, causing possible future lack of raw materials

a

Housing development / mining activity conflict. Sandstone quarry at Klikuszowa

Housing and public facilities / deposit accessibility conflict. Natural aggregate deposits of the Dunajec valley.

Natura 2000 Net/deposits accessibitity conflict.

Natural aggregate deposits of the Soła river valley

Type of mineral commodity

Deposits available without any

constrains(A)

Deposits available with some constrains

(B)

Non available deposits

(C)

Quantity of

deposits

% of total regional resources

Quantity of

deposits

% of total regional resources

Quantity of

deposits

% of total regional resources

Crushed and dimension stone

20 19,6 73 73,6 13 6,7

Ceramic clays 33 48,5 49 48,8 3 2,7

Natural aggregate 21 7,3 171 88,1 12 4,6

Diatomite 1 3,9 3 96,1 - -

Ecological conflict of the mineral deposits in the polish part of the Carpathians

Type of mineral

commodity

Reasons of ecological-spatial-planning constrains

Landscape protection

Forestprotection

Soil protection

Water protection

Spatial planning

Crushed and

dimension stone

45 36 4 0 9

Ceramic clays

3 1 34 0 12

Natural aggregate

29 2 68 63 25

Diatomite 0 1 0 0 0

Reasons of ecological and spatial-planning conflicts of mineral deposits exploited in the polish part of the Carpathians

Future mining = sustainable mining = sustainable management of mineral resources

Sustainable mining - conducting mineral activity according tosustainable development principles. It relates to all stages of mining and processing activities.

In the field of geology:• 1. Elaboration of environmental management principles in the areas where minerals are

exploited: - preparing geological studies and pre-feasibility studies with respect to the

environmental factors; - preparing the environmental impact assessments.• 2. Balancing mineral deposits and mineral resources and keeping the mining areas

register.• 3. Classifying and valorisation of the deposits - for the sake of their protection (accessibility) - to show the possible conflicts between their management, environment and land

use-planning

• 4. Preparing the geological-economic- environmental maps of Poland in 1:50 000

• 5. Keeping activities for mineral waste utilization (investigations and tests, preparing maps showing location dumps of mineral waste useful for road construction)

• 6. Identification and assessment of the anthropopgenic mineral deposits.

Future mining=sustainable mining

• In the field of mining activity:

• 1. Decreasing of negative impacts of mining

• 2. Reasonable management and utilization of mineral resources

• 3. Securing the unutilized mineral reserves in abandoned deposits

• 4. Reclamation and redevelopment of mining sites and post mining areas

• 5. Geodiversity protection: - development of geoparks in post mining areas - elaboration geotourist attractions and/or geosities studies.

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Conclusions

1. Future development of mining have to be realized according to the sustainable development rules.

2. The pointed fields of the activity are realized with different intensity by the Polish Geological Survey.

3.

Stan zasobów węgla kamiennego, brunatnego i torfu w latach 1954-1960

Stan zasobów gazu ziemnego i metanu pokładów węgla w latach 1955-2000

Resources of main metal raw materials

in 1954-2002

Resources of chemical raw materialsin 1954-2002