Seminar On Barcode Technology

SSJ Engineering College

PRESENTED BY:

B.Vikas12601A04B0

WHAT IS BARCODE ?A bar code is the small image of lines (bars) and spaces

that is affixed to retail store items, identification cards, and identify a particular product number, person, or location.

The code uses a sequence of vertical bars and spaces to represent numbers and other symbols.

A bar code symbol typically consists of five parts: a quiet zone, a start character, data characters (including an optional check character), a stop character, and another quiet zone.

Why use barcodes? As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were

used in industrial work environments. Some of the early implementations of barcodes included the ability identify rail,road,cars,etc……

In the early 1970s, common barcodes started appearing on grocery shelves. To automate the process of identifying grocery items, UPC barcodes were placed on products.

Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are used for identification in almost all types of business.

Types of barcode

Mainly the barcodes are of three types 1.Alpha-numeric barcodes 2.Numeric-only barcodes 3.2-Dimensional barcodes

Alpha-numeric barcodes

Code 128:  Very capable code, excellent density, high reliability; in very wide use world-wide

Code 39:  General-purpose code in very wide use world-wide

Code 93:  Compact code similar to Code 39

LOGMARS:  Same as Code 39, this is the U.S. Government specification

Numeric-only barcodes

Codabar:  Older code often used in library systems, sometimes in blood banks Code 11:  Used primarily for labeling telecommunications equipment EAN-13:  European Article Numbering international retail product code EAN-8:  Compressed version of EAN code for use on small products Interleaved 2 of 5:  Compact numeric code, widely used in industry, air cargo UPC-A:  Universal product code seen on almost all retail products in the USA

and Canada UPC-E:  Compressed version of UPC code for use on small products

2-Dimensional barcodes

PDF417:  Excellent for encoding large amounts of data

DataMatrix:  Can hold large amounts of data, especially suited for making very small codes

Maxicode:  Fixed length, used by United Parcel Service for automated package sorting

QR Code:  Used for material control and order confirmation

The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued.

The some of the country codes are showing below figure :

CODE COUNTRY

00-13 USA & Canada

20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)

30-37 France

380 Bulgaria

383 Slovenia

385 Croatia

387 Bosnia-Herzegovina

400-440 Germany

45 Japan

46 Russian Federation

471 Taiwan

474 Estonia

475 Latvia

476 Azerbaijan

477 Lithuania

478 Uzbekistan

479 Sri Lanka

480 Philippines

481 Belarus

482 Ukraine

484 Moldova

485 Armenia

486 Georgia

487 Kazakhstan

489 Hong Kong

Working of Barcode Laser beam is incident on a mirror/prism which is then

directed on the barcode from left to right. The dark bars of barcode absorb the incident light but

the light is reflected by light spaces. Photodiode measures the reflected light and gives out

electrical signal. The analog electrical signal is then converted into digital one. And corresponding barcode is read.

Advantages REPRESENT UNIQUE

IDENTITY OF A PRODUCT

ACCURACY OF DATA INPUT

(ERROR FREE)

LABOUR SAVINGS BY

AVOIDING MANUAL

SYSTEM

MORE ACCURATE DESPATCH

COST EFFICIENT

REAL TIME DATA

COLLECTION

MEASUREMENT OF WORK

IN PROGRESS

THROUGHOUT THE

FACTORY

RAPID ACCESS TO TOTAL

PRODUCTION COSTS

Disadvantages

System Failure may cost more delays. Scratched or crumpled barcodes may

cause problems Data must be coded in the barcode In laser scanning, durability and cost are

the two disadvantages

Conclusion and Future Scope

• Barcodes — especially the UPC — have slowly become an essential part of modern civilization.

• Their use is widespread, and the technology behind barcodes is constantly improving.

• Almost every item purchased from a grocery store, department store, and mass merchandiser has a UPC barcode on it. This greatly helps in keeping track of a large number of items in a store

• Entertainment event tickets can have barcodes that need to be validated before allowing the holder to enter cinemas, theatres, transportation etc.

• This can allow the proprietor to identify duplicate or fraudulent tickets more easily

REFERENCES• Automating Management Information Systems: Barcode Engineering and Implementation – Harry E. Burke, Thomson Learning, ISBN 0-442-20712-3

• Automating Management Information Systems: Principles of Barcode Applications – Harry E. Burke, Thomson Learning, ISBN 0-442-20667-4

• The Bar Code Book – Roger C. Palmer, Helmers Publishing, ISBN 0-911261-09-5, 386 pages

• The Bar Code Manual – Eugene F. Brighan, Thompson Learning, ISBN 0-03-016173-8

• Handbook of Bar Coding Systems – Harry E. Burke, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, ISBN 978-0-442-21430-2, 219 pages