barley strategy 10th ibgs valkoun april08
TRANSCRIPT
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Global Strategy for the ex situConservation and Use of BarleyGermplasm
10th IBGS Alexandria, Egypt, April 2008
ICARDA
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Global Initiatives on PGR
1983International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources forFood and Agriculture, adhered to by more than 100 countries
1996Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and SustainableUtilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
adopted by representatives of more than 150 countries
2003 entry into force of the International Treaty on Plant GeneticResources for Food and Agriculture, ratified by more than 100countries
2004 - Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCDT), an endowment fund,established. Recognized as an essential element of the FundingStrategy of the International Treaty in relation to the ex situconservation and availability of PGRFA
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GCDT Conservation Strategies
1. To define the most efficient and effective approach for conservation atthe global crop level and at the regional level
2. To guide the Trust in setting funding priorities
Process:
Involves collection holders and other stakeholders through networksand other associations
Is facilitated by experts in consultation with stakeholders
Gathers existing information on collections and is supplemented withsurveys and consultations
Is backed-up from the Trust Secretariat, the CGIAR centres and FAO
Crop and regional strategies 2 complementary approaches
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Global Barley Conservation Strategy
Identify the most important collections of barley (coveringthe existing genetic diversity)
Determine collectively a global model for collaboration andsharing of responsibilities
Assess priorities for upgrading and capacity building, ifneeded
Identifies collections to receive conservation support overthe long term
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Reference or key collections
Collections on which the world depends:
Substantial size and diversity
Generally international or regional in coverage
Secure - managed to international standards -
and in general adequately funded
Readily available on request under terms ofInternational Treaty on PGRFA
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Other collections to be identified:
Collections that are important (size,
diversity, uniqueness etc.) and justify
support from the Trust to assist withconservation and distribution
Collections that, while of less significance in
the context of the total global genepool,nevertheless contain important accessionsthat could usefully be duplicated in areference collection
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Preparation of the Barley Strategy1. Lists of collections and other data assembled from sources such
as:
Global Inventory of Barley Genetic Resources FAO-WIEWS ECP/GR - EURISCO National/Institute Databases on internet
2. Regional strategies completed by end 2006. Reports available for
WANA, Asia/Pacific (SSEE Asia), E. Africa and Latin America
3. In May 2067, more than 60 collection holders were invited tocontribute to an on-line survey. In total 25 responses received
4. Workshop in Tunis, 4-6 September 2007, entitled: GlobalCollaborative Ex situConservation Strategy for Barley
5. Follow-up with workshop participants and others to gatheradditional information
6. Development of the final strategy document
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Other elements to be included in thestrategy
Identification of other potential partners to be involved, e.g. in storage,
characterization, evaluation, data management, training etc.
Identification of major gaps in the global genepool coverage and strategies
to fill them
A scheme for safety duplication
Mechanisms for promoting links to users
Effective, cross-searchable data and information management systems
Training needs
Any major constraints to conservation and distribution
Coordination mechanisms (e.g. networking) and leadership
The next steps foreseen in further developing the strategy and its
implementation
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Tunis workshop participation
Countries:
Michael Mackay (AUS), Edson Iorczewski (BRA), Bryan Harvey (CAN),Jaroslav punar (CZE), Adugna Woldesemayat (ETH), Helmut Knpffer(DEU), Javad Mozafari (IRN), Kazuhiro Sato (JPN), Hassan Ouabou(MAR), Luz Gmez (PER), Olga Kovaleva (RUS), Roland von Bothmer
(SWE), Abdelhakim Issaoui (TUN), Mouldi Elfelah (TUN), MichaelAmbrose (GBR), Harold Bockelman (USA)
Organizations:
Global Crop Diversity Trust Brigitte Lalibert, Britta SkagerfltICARDA - Jan Konopka, Stefania Grando, Mohammed El Mourid, JanValkoun (consultant)
CIMMYT Thomas Payne
Unable to attend: Vince Logan (GRDC - AUS), Richard St-Pierre (CAN),Zhang Jing (CHN), Viktor Shevtsov (RUS), George Ayad (Bioversity)
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The barley genetic resources
1. Modern cultivars in current use
2. Obsolete cultivars, often the elitecultivars of the past
3. Landraces
4. Wild relatives in the genus Hordeum
5. Genetic and cytogenetic stocks6. Breeding lines
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WILD HORDEUM SPECIES
Tunis 2007 b courtes of R. von Bothmer
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CAN004; 39,852
USA005; 29,838
BRA003; 29,227
SYR002 - ICARDA; 26,117
GBR011; 23,603
DEU146; 22,106
CHN001; 18,818
KOR003 ; 18,764RUS001; 17,850
ETH001; 15,350
JPN009; 14,104
SWE002; 13,435
AUS003; 12,600
Other; 120,360
Current status
Size of collections 402,034 total
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0%
10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%70%
80%
90%
100%
CAN0
04
USA005
ICARDA
GBR0
11
DEU1
46
CHN0
01
KOR0
03
RUS001
ETH0
01
JPN0
09
S
WE0
02
AUS003
Other
Landraces
Wild relatives
Barley collections: content
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Wild relatives;
43588; 11%
Landraces; 128870;
32%
Breeding material;
49059; 12%
Genetic stocks;
25300; 6%
Cultivars; 44003;
11%
Unknow n status;111214; 28%
Global barley holdings: content
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Overview of barley collections
485,000 accessions FAO,1996
371,000 accessions Hintum andMenting, 2003
326,000 H. vulgaresubsp. vulgare
37,000 H. vulgaresubsp. spontaneum
1,400 H. bulbosum
6,600 wild Hordeumspecies of the tertiarygenepool
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Landrace major collections
Country Genebank code No. of acces.
ICARDA SYR002 15,496
China CHN001 15,472
Ethiopia ETH001 15,301
Canada CAN004 14,074USA USA005 13,106
Germany DEU146 12,482
Japan JPN009 10,588
Russia RUS001 5,132
Korea, Rep. of KOR003 4,487
United Kingdom GBR011 3,722
Morocco MAR003 3,522
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Genetic stocks major collections
Country Genebank code No. of acces.
Sweden SWE002 10,024
Canada CAN004 6,011
USA USA005 3,203
Japan JPN009 2,890
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Cultivar major collections
Country Genebank code No. of acces.
Russia RUS001 9,652
Germany DEU146 5,172
Canada CAN004 5,064
USA USA005 4,394
United Kingdom GBR011 2,739
Poland POL003 2,404
ICARDA SYR002 2,277
Czech Rep. CZE047 2,161
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Regeneration needsFirst priority to be given to wild species and geneticstocks wild species to be differentiated between secondary
and tertiary gene pool
Major collections, such as PGRC Canada, USDA,ICARDA and IPK Germany are in good shape andgermplasm availability is high for all the categories
Urgent regeneration needs:
Eritrea Ethiopia Mongolia Iran
Peru (for long-term storage)
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Safety duplication
Prioritization:
Priority 1 wild relatives landraces
genetic stocks
Priority 2
cultivars
Priority 3 breeding material
Suggestions:
Formal agreement in long-termstorageInclude information on safety
duplication in the Global BarleyRegisterICARDA facilities could beused for hosting safetyduplicatesSecond level of safety
duplication is highly desirable.Svalbard Global Seed Vaultfacilities would be mostappropriate for the secondlevel safety net
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Number of samples distributed
Institute code Nationally Internationally Total
USA005 5000 3000 8000
ICARDA 2800 2600 5400
DEU146 1700 2300 4000
AUS003 3300 200 3500
RUS001 3000 400 3400
JPN001 1300 400 1700
CZE047 1200 300 1500
SWE002 300 500 800
Strengthening links to the users and increasing effectiveness of the
collections is a priority in the global strategy for barley
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Information and data management systems
Individual genebanks
Passport information is computerized in most of the collections;availability of characterization/evaluation data electronically is lower.Many accessible via internet.
Global, regional and specialized systems
have been developed to link different sources of locally curateddata:
CGIAR SINGER Global Inventory of Barley Genetic Resources (GIBGR
International Barley Information System (IBIS) EURISCO (European PGR catalogue) European Barley Database (EBDB)
Database on Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks (BGS)
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Documentation held electronically
Institute code Passport data Char./eval. data Web acces.
CAN004 100% 100% Yes
USA005 100% 100% Yes
BRA003 100% Yes
ICARDA 100% 100% Yes
GBR011 100% 100% Yes
DEU146 100% 100% Yes
CHN001 100% 100% Yes
KOR003 100% 80% Yes
RUS001 100% 10% Yes
ETH001 100% 50% Yes
JPN009 60% 50% Yes
SWE002 100% 20% Yes
AUS003 100% 80% Yes
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Information management recommendations
Researchers and breeders will require, first of all, evaluation data
Need to strengthen capacity of National Programs in documentationDevelopment of crop portal is suggestedEvaluate GBIF approach or other technological options foraccessing data in collectionsRevision of multi-crop passport descriptors (MCPD) should beconsidered
Geo-referencing encouraged, important mainly for wild material andlandracesSet-specific variables/descriptors may be required, e.g. for geneticstocksCGIAR GPG2 project on Crop Registers has started. All collectionsshould become data providers for Barley Register.
Step 1 ICARDA will develop the first versionStep 2 Advisory Group should guide the development of systemThe group: Mike Ambrose, Roland von Bothmer, Stefania Grando,Bryan Harvey, Helmut Knuepffer, Jan Konopka, Hassan Ouabou,Thomas Payne
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Gaps and threats
H. vulgaresubsp. spontaneum and other wild relativesare endangered, because of habitat lost by overgrazing,changes in land use and other negative human-inducedactivities.
Landraces are gradually replaced with improvedgermplasm, but they are still grown in in low-inputfarming systems in marginal and stress-affected areas.
To assess accurately the gaps in the ex situcollections,it first necessary to complete geo-referencing of existing
collections as much as possible and map the collectionsites on the distribution area of natural populations ofwild relatives and landrace-growing regions
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Networks relevant to barley GRNetworks
Regional networks, Barley Core Collection, Generation Challenge
Program (GCP), information networks
Global Barley Strategy for collaboration to be strengthened:
evaluation networks using common set of germplasm (e.g. based onBCC)
molecular characterization/genomics diversity analysis / mapping
climate modeling
Suggestion/recommendation 1: GCDT could play a valuable role at theinstitutional or ministerial level to help individuals participation in meeting
and expert panels to put a Trust mark on the individuals and networksSuggestion/recommendation 2: That the Barley Genetic ResourcesCommittee of the International Barley Genetic Symposium be re-established
To facilitate regular meetings and to maintain momentum in completing theoverview of global resources, coordination is crucial. This might be a task ofGCDT or the Governing body of ITPGRFA.
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Barley Core Collection
Subset Accessions Present situation
Ethiopia / Eritrea - not solved cooperation with Ethiopia necessary
West Asia, NorthAfrica
285 available from ICARDA
South and East Asia 380 available from RIB
Europe 298 available from IPK
Americas 152 available from USDA
Oceania 11 available from Tamworth Australian barleys only
H. spontaneum 70+144 two candidate sets original ssd material & newly
selected set of populations, available from Alnarp& ICARDA
Other wild species 48 available from Alnarp, multiplication often difficult,partly IPK
Genetic stocks &reference material
- coordinators selected BCC candidates, availablefrom USDA
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Policy issues
Barley is included within the multilateral systemfor access and benefit-sharing under theITPGRFA, listed in the annex 1 of the Treaty.
Countries that are parties to the Treaty have anobligation to help facilitate their collections ofbarley genetic resources available under theterms specified in the Treaty.
Most countries represented in the survey areparties to the Treaty and 9 countries out of the39 have yet to ratify.
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Capacity building
The following priority activities were proposed: Training of staff in general PGR conservation Regional workshop for database managers Genebanks visits and on site training
Training of trainers in documentation Strategies for conservation of wild material andgenetic stocks
Training in molecular genetics and taxonomy Sequence between activities and timing issuesMost training and capacity building activities are non-crop-specific and possibly also useful for other crop andregional strategies
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Strategic approach to conserving thebarley gene pool
Key collections may be a basis of a global network providing diversityto international community of users
Criteria:
structure size, scope, uniqueness
quality - documentation, facilities, resources access accessibility, availability
Category:
A high on all 3 groups of criteria - secured and well resourced Bhigh on 2 out of 3 groups - significant but may need capacity
building
C more information is needed
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Country GB code Total no. ofaccessions
Category
A/B/C
United States USA005 29838 A
Germany DEU146 22106 A
Canada CAN004 39738 AICARDA SYR002 26117 A
Sweden SWE002 13435 A
Japan JPN009 14106 A
United Kingdom GBR011 9903 A
Australia AUS003 12600 A
Japan JPN003 8806 A
CIMMYT MEX002 14528 A
Netherlands NLD037 3507 A
France FRA040 5517 A
Czech Republic CZE047 2705 A
Switzerland CHE001 795 A
Korea, Rep. of KOR003 18296 A
Spain ESP004 2421 A
Czech Republic CZE122 1865 A
Poland POL003 5942 A
Hungary HUN003 4208 A
Austria AUT001 747 A
Slovakia SVK001 2047 A
Key collections category A
Total holdings A:
ca. 240,000 acces.21 genebanks
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Country GB code Total no. ofaccessions
Category
A/B/C
Russia RUS001 17850 B
Brazil BRA003 29227 B
Iran IRN029 7600 B
Ethiopia ETH001 15360 B
Brazil BRA015 3360 B
Turkey TUR001 1208 B
Morocco MAR003 3743 B
Peru 2759 B
Category BTotal holdings B: ca. 81,000 accessions held at 8 genebanks
Category C:Total holdings 71,000 acces. at 20 genebanksAdditional collections: 8 countries
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Next stepsThe Tunis meeting suggested the following steps in theimplementation of the Global Strategy for Barley:
Final version of the Strategy to be circulated to the:
Barley Newsletter
Barley Genetics Newsletter
Grain GenesOpportunities to present the Strategy:
International Barley Genetics Symposium, April 2008,Alexandria, Egypt
ECPGR Cereal Network meeting, April 2008, Izmir, Turkey
Barley genetics meetings (regional and national)
Advisory Group and implementation of the Strategy
The Global Barley Conservation Strategy Advisory Group isconstituted of the participants of the Tunis meeting
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Advisory Group (AG) and theimplementation of the Strategy
AG would be responsible for reviewing periodically the Strategy assessingits implementation, identifying threatened collections and orphan collections
AG could present updated reports to the International Barley GeneticsSymposium
A letter should be send to the IBGS International Committee from the Trust(Cary Fowler) requesting to: Re-establish the barley germplasm committee Consider questions raised in the strategy Play a facilitating role
It was proposed that the Trust endorses this group to facilitate institutionalcommitment in its participation
Funding be sought to hold AG meetings and the Trust assistance wasrequested
It was proposed that ICARDA act as a clearing mechanism and the contactorganization. It was therefore proposed that the Trust (Cary Fowler) sends aletter to ICARDAs DG.
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Acknowledgments
Valuable contribution to the Global Barley Strategydevelopment of many involved is gratefully acknowledged.
Thanks are particularly due to:
Genebank managers or barley collection curators whoresponded to the Questionnaire
Participants of the Tunis meeting
Global Crop Diversity Trust
ICARDA (Jan Konopka, Stefania Grando and others)
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Thank you