based on the following slides, identify the impact (consequences) of the treaty of versailles. world...
TRANSCRIPT
Based on the following slides, identify the impact (consequences) of the Treaty of Versailles.
World War I
Causes
imperialism
nationalism
arms race
alliance system
Consequences
Technology / Warfare
Colonies
Political ChangesA new European map was created
what changed?Which countries emerged? Which countries disappeared?
bye bye empires…the following empires were gone after the war1. Germany: replaced by the Weimar Republic 2. Russia: eventually replaced by the USSR3. Austria-Hungary: replaced by an
independent Austria and an independent Hungary
4. Ottoman Empire: replaced by Turkey after the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
winners...States that gained territory
losers...States that lost territory Germany China: forcibly ceded land to the Japanese Empire Russia Turkey Denmark Bulgaria United Kingdom: most of Ireland as the Irish Free State and
Egypt in 1922
The Impact of Total WarEnvironmental Devastation
Forests were ravaged
Towns were demolished
Impact on European Colonies
Over a million African troops participated in military campaigns where they saw whites killing whites and were themselves to kill enemy whites.
Even more African men served as support forces for the war effort. Africans were recruited in various ways including volunteerism, impressments and conscription.
In some instances African leaders were given a quota and they could recruit any way they wished. More than 150,000 Africans were killed during the Great War.
Contributions of African troops in combination with ideas of self-determination led Africans to believe that they might be given greater political and social responsibilities.
African hopes of autonomy were dashed as the colonial system was reinvigorated instead.
Ideas of African nationalism persisted with the development of a European-educated elite class – high ranking bureaucrats and professionals who spoke and understood the language of the colonizer.
Forming a National Identity
The ANZACS / Gallipolijust 14 years after the formation of the Federation of Australia, the Gallipoli campaign beganone of first international events that saw Australians taking part as Australianshas been seen as a key event in forging a sense of national identity.Dr Frank Bongiorno, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of New England:
“The Gallipoli campaign was the beginning of true Australian nationhood. When Australia went to war in 1914, many white Australians believed that their Commonwealth had no history, that it was not yet a true nation, that its most glorious days still lay ahead of it. In this sense the Gallipoli campaign was a defining moment for Australia as a new nation.”
Anzac Day at Manly, Brisbane, Queensland (1922)Ernest Scott’s influential A Short History of Australia, which remained a standard school text for nearly four decades from 1916 and went through six editions in its author's lifetime, clearly enunciated this concept. In the preface to the book's first edition, Scott linked the European settlement of Australia with the idea of Australia becoming a nation on the battlefields of Gallipoli:
The Treaty of VersaillesReparations
France, having been held to the letter of the 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt [Franco-Prussian War], took the same approach toward Germany in 1919. Obsessed by security concerns, France insisted that Germany observe the letter of the treaty.
Britain, on the other hand, favored an approach that would enable Germany to recover economically. Britain also did not want German hegemony of continental Europe to be replaced by that of France.
This was in keeping with its long-standing policy of preventing any one power from controlling the European continent.
The British saw in Germany a potential partner for trade and investment.
The total sum of war reparations demanded from Germany—around 226 billion marks [reduced to 132 billion in 1921 or $442 billion in 2013 dollars]
The Versailles Reparations came in a variety of forms, including coal, steel, intellectual property (e.g. the trademark for Aspirin) and agricultural products
Keynes, an economist with the British delegation to Paris who had resigned in protest over the treaty provisions for Germany, held that the Germans could not pay the reparations demanded of them and that the treaty would spell ruin not only for Germany but for all nations involved in international trade.
The War to End all WarsA New Era of International Diplomacy
The League of Nations was created! The League of Nations came
into being after the end of World War I.
Task was simple - ensure that war never broke out again.
After the turmoil caused by the Versailles Treaty, many looked to the League to bring stability to the world.
If a dispute did occur, the League, under its Covenant, could do three things - these were known as its sanctions
It could call on the states in dispute to sit down and discuss the problem in an orderly and peaceful manner.
If one nation was seen to be the offender, the League could introduce verbal sanctions - warning an aggressor nation that she would need to leave another nation's territory or face the consequences.
If the states in dispute failed to listen to the Assembly’s decision, the League could introduce economic sanctions.
The logic behind it was to push an aggressor nation towards bankruptcy, so that the people in that state would take out their anger on their government forcing them to accept the League’s decision.
the League could introduce physical sanctions. This meant that military force would be used to put into place the League’s decision.
The League did not have a military force at its disposal
