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Basic 14Basic 14Micro-Nano TribologyMicro Nano Tribology

- Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNx) andand

Low adhesion and friction of rubber -

Prof N UmeharaProf. N. UmeharaDept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering,

N U i itNagoya University

Basic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara- Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNx) and Low adhesion and friction of rubber -

COE for Education and Research of Micro-Nano Mechatronics, Nagoya University

Outline

1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNx)・ Mechanism

・ Effect of carbon overcoat on frictionEffect of carbon overcoat on friction

2 Low adhesion and friction of rubber2.Low adhesion and friction of rubber・ High dense plasma irradiation to CllR

UV i di ti t TPE ith PFPE・ UV ray irradiation to TPE with PFPE



1. Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride(CNx)

A.Y.Liu, M.L.Cohen, Prediction of new lowcompressibility solids, Science, 245 (1989) 841 842841-842.



Introduction

（K.J.Wahl, Naval Research Laboratory）

0.1nt

PTFE (=0.04) Lubrication with

transfer film

0.01oeffi

cien

MoS2DLC

Lubrication with tribochemical film?Lubrication with

rictio

n co

MoS2(UHV)

Lubrication with absorbed gas?

After the annual

0.001

Fr H:DLC(N2)a-CNx(N2)

meetingof STLE, 2001

Period1980 1990 2000

MoS2; W.E.Jamison (1986)2; ( )DLC; A.Erdemir (1991), J.Franks, K.Enke and A.Richardt (1990)H:DLC; A.Erdemir (1999), C.Donnet(1998)a CNx; N Umehara K Kato(1998)



a-CNx; N.Umehara, K.Kato(1998)

Introduction

C b it id ( CN ) tiCarbon nitride(a-CNx) coatingHigh hardnessHigh wear resistanceHigh wear resistanceLow friction

Excellent tribological properties

Hardness: Ha-CNx/Ha-C=1.31Low friction coefficient(against Al O /TiC slider )Low friction coefficient(against Al2O3/TiC slider )

B.Wei et al. (1998)

Durability: Da-CNx/Da-C=3~4 (against Al2O3/TiC pin) E.C.Cutiongco et al. (1996)



Ion Beam Assisted DepositionSputtering：

Ar ion beam 1kV 100mAAr ion beam 1kV, 100mA

Mixing：

N ion beam 0.5keV,

30A/cm2

Coating time：90min

Thickness of coating：100nm



TEM photo of CNx by IBAD and Hardness

・Hardness 21GPaA h t t・Amorphous structure

・N=C bonds38) Micro-wear Mechnaisms of Thin Hard Coatings Sliding against Diamond Tip of AFM,

ASME, Advances in Information Storage Systems, 9 (1998)289-302.K. Kato, H. Koide, and N. Umehara



, ,

Effect of ambient gas on friction coefficient0.5

Pin: Si3N4 ball (r=4.0mm)

0.3

0.4

effic

ient

Disk: CNx (t=100nm)Normal load:100mNFriction cycles:240cycles

0.36

0 1

0.2

ctio

n co

e

0 05

0.16

0

0.1

in Air in high vacuum

in N2 in CO2 in O2

Fric 0.030.0090.05

(N Umehara and K Kato 1998)

vacuum(2x10-4Pa) (7x104 Pa)

(N. Umehara and K. Kato , 1998)

Running-in is important for ultra low friction of CNx.g pSomething changed during running-in.



Raman spectroscopy after running-in

0.16

0 10

0.12

0.14 in N2

in vacuumic

ient

0.06

0.08

0.10tio

n co

eff

0.02

0.04Fric

t

02.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

ID / I

G

Large ID/IG provides small friction coefficientIncrease in the number or size of small graphitic domain

N. Umehara, M. Tatsuno, K. Kato, Proc. Int. Trib. Conf. Nagasaki(2000)1007.



XPS before and after running-in

C=N C-NC=N

N-O N-O

C-N

N-O N-O

(b) wear track after 240 cycles in N2 gas

(a) a-CNx coating2 g

After running-in in N2 gasAfter running in in N2 gas, C=N increases larger than C-N.



Depth profile of N after running-in in various environment

0 30

0.35 Beam energy: 5 kV, Beam current: 10 nASputtering energy: 3 kV, Sputtering current: 25 mA

0.25

0.30ns

ityp g gy p g

nsity CNx

Si(100)

d

Si(100) Si(100)

0.20

B in

ten

k in

te as-deposit CNx

0.10

0.15

1s P

/B

in N2approximate curve

Pea

k

< 0 01

0.05

0.10N in N2

i A

in O2N1s

< 0.01

≒ 0 030.00

0 10 20 30 40 50

in Ar ≒ 0.03

0 10 20 30 40 50Sputtering depth d, nm

T k U h IIP S i A l ti f JSME S t 11 2007Basic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara

- Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNx) and Low adhesion and friction of rubber -COE for Education and Research of Micro-Nano Mechatronics, Nagoya University

Tokoroyama, Umehara，IIP Session, Annual meeting of JSME，Sept. 11,2007

Self surface modification in the running-in process

In N2 gas

Low shearing strength layerlayer

100nm 10～20 nm

CNxCNx

Si substrateBasic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara


Si substrate

Outline & Summary1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNx)・Mechanism Self modification in nm thickness・Mechanism Self modification in nm thickness ・Effect of carbon overcoat on friction

・Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation on friction

2. Low adhesion and friction of rubber・High dense plasma irradiation to CIIRHigh dense plasma irradiation to CIIR

・UV ray irradiation to TPE with PFPE・UV ray irradiation to TPE with PFPE



Enhancement of running-in of CNxith thi k b twith nm thickness carbon overcoat

Carbon layer without Nwithout N

C N

CNx on Si(100)

Si(100)( )



Effect of 3nm thickness carbon overcoat on friction of CNx

0.25

0.30

020

CNx (150nm) + C coat ing (0 nm) on Si (100) Sliding speed V: 0 .13m/s, Surface pressure: 33 MP a Si3N4 ball in N2

Only CNx0.15

0.20on

coe

ffici

ent μ

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

μ

C

CNx

Only CNx

0 00

0.05

0.10

Fric

tio 0 50 100 150 200 250N

0.30

0.000 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000

Number of cycles N, cycles

0.20

0.25

0.30

ent μ

0.20

C

CNx (150nm) + C coating (3 nm) on Si (100) Sliding speed V:0.13m/s, Surface pressure: 33 MPa Si3N4 ball in N2

3nm C + CNx

0.10

0.15

rictio

n co

effic

ie

0 00

0.05

0.10

0.15

μ

C

CNx

Proc ICMDT

0.00

0.05

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000

F 0.000 50 100 150 200 250

N

Proc. ICMDT Sapporo,2007,Tokoroyama, Wang, Umehara Fuwa



0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000Number of cycles N, cycles

Umehara, Fuwa

Outline & Summary

1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNx)M h i S lf difi ti i thi k・Mechanism Self modification in nm thickness

・Effect of carbon overcoat on frictionnot need running-in

・Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation ( ) yon friction

2. Low adhesion and friction of rubber・High dense plasma irradiation to CIIR・High dense plasma irradiation to CIIR

UV i di ti t TPE ith PFPE・UV ray irradiation to TPE with PFPE



The expectation of ultraviolet ray irradiation to CNx

The light energy UVExpected resultC-N bond: 305 kJ/mol

h: Planck’s constant, ν: frequency, chhE Energy of photon The light energy

Wavelength＜390 nm

C

c: light velocity, λ: wavelength hhE

Braking ofh: Planck’s constant, ν: frequency,c: light velocity λ: wavelength

N

CC

N NCC C

CN

C

CN

C

NC C C

CC

N

CC CC C

C

CC

C

C C C

CC

CCC C

CEnergy of photon per mol

ANchE

C-N bondc: light velocity, λ: wavelength

NC CC N CC C C

CC

CC

N

NC CC

CN

CC C C

CC

CC

N

C

NA: Avogadro’s constant Nitrogen desorption ⇒ Structural change

We assumed that the variable UV wavelength to obtain superlow friction

We focused on Nitrogen content in CNx．J. Wei et al. Surf Interface Anal. 28(1999) 208-211

g pchanged with the Nitrogen content in CNx coating because of its structure.

Nitrogen content ratio 0 9 12 19% was prepared CN ( content)e.g.



Nitrogen content ratio 0,9,12,19% was prepared CN0.09(x=content)

Background –Effect of UV irradiation

C N bond: 305 kJ/molC – C bond: 348 kJ/mol

C-N bond: 305 kJ/mol

365 nm 254 nm312 nm

329 kJ/mol

382 kJ/mol

469 kJ/mol

C – H bond for CH4 : 416 kJ/mol

Energy of photonh Pl k’ t t f

chhE

gy ph: Planck’s constant, ν: frequency,c: light velocity, λ: wavelength



Experimental – Ultraviolet ray irradiation to CNx coating

Table 2 UV irradiation condition

Did Nitrogen atoms desorb from CNx coating with UV irradiation?Table 1 The energy of each wavelength

Wavelength , nm Energy, kJ/mol Test pieces Irradiation time

Table 2 UV irradiation conditionTable 1 The energy of each wavelength

365 312

326382

•CN0 •CN0.09

•60 min•120 min

254 4690.09

•CN0.12•CN0 19

•180 min•240 min

u.)

C KLL

N KL

L

O KL

L

0.19

AES analysis

lized

inte

nsity

(a.

C=1

150 250 350 450 550

Nor

mal

N=x

N/C ratio: N/C=x/1Basic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara


150 250 350 450 550Kinetic energy, eV

/C a o /C /

J. M. Ripalda et al. Diam. Relat. Mater. 7(1998) 402-406.XPS analysis resultsCN0.12 N1s peak

As deposit UV 365 nm 120 min irradiation

What kind of deformation did it take place?As-deposit UV-365 nm 120 min irradiation

(a.u

.)

N1s

N-C sp3N-C sp2 N1s

N-C sp2

y (a

.u.)

Inte

nsity

N C spN-N/N-O N-C sp

3

N-N/N-OInten

sity

I th f it d ti t t l d f ti t k l

390395400405410Kinetic energy, eV

390395400405410Kinetic energy, eV

In the case of no nitrogen desorption, structural deformation took place.

CN0.09，CN0.19 showed deformation.Triphenilamine

In the case of UV irradiation to CNx, the bond originated from N-C sp2

NN The bond shows like graphite was

assumed to increaseBasic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara


increased. assumed to increase.

Experimental of tribological property under N2UV i di ti diti

Wavelength Irradiation time

UV irradiation conditionsUV irradiation ⇒ Friction in N2

UV In N R t ti•365 nm•312 nm

•60 min•120 min

LoadIn N2 Rotation

312 nm•254 nm

120 min•180 min•240 min

CNｘ•240 min

Friction test conditionsFriction test conditions

Load 0.1 NSliding speedRotation speed

4.19×10-2 m/s200 rpm

Rotation radiusAmbient

2.0 mmNitrogen



g

1 0

Friction test results under N2 environment

0 60.70.80.91.0

ffic

ient

As-deposit365 nm-60 min365 nm-120 min365 nm-180 minThe running-in period of CN0 12

Sliding speed V: 4.2×10-2 m/s,

Load W: 0.1 NCNx coating (0.1 m) on Si(100)

Si3N4(8 mm) ball

CN0.12 365 nm-UV irradiation

0 20.30.40.50.6

Fric

tion

coe 365 nm 180 min

365 nm-240 minThe running in period of CN0.12

was decreased by UV irradiation3 4

In N2

The variation of

0.91.0

As-deposit0.00.10.2

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000N mber of sliding c cles N C cles

Sliding speed V: 4.2×10-2 m/s,

Load W: 0 1 N

with number of cycles

0 60.70.80.9

ffic

ient

365 nm-60 min365 nm-120 min365 nm 180 min

Number of sliding cycles N, CyclesLoad W: 0.1 NCNx coating (0.1 m) on Si(100)

Si3N4(8 mm) ball

In N2

As deposit: =0 040

The average of 5000~10000 cycles

0.40.50.6

ctio

n co

ef 365 nm-180 min365 nm-240 min

As-deposit: =0.04060 min: =0.019↓120 min: =0 018↓

0 10.20.3Fr

ic 120 min: =0.018↓180 min: =0.022↓240 min: =0 015↓

0.00.1

0 5000 10000 15000

240 min: =0.015↓

decreased by UV irradiation



Number of sliding cycles N, Cycles irradiation.

The effect of UV irradiation on running-in period

Running-in As-deposit:3100 cycles

3.4 The effect of UV irradiation on minimum mCN0.19

As-deposit: ＝0.040 ⇒ 312 nm-120 min: =0.004

The minimum friction coefficient: min

0 080.090.10

cien

t av

e

365 nm312 nm

Sliding speed V: 4.2×10-2 m/s, Load W: 0.1 N

CN coating (0 1 m) on Si(100)

p

0.050.060.070.08

ctio

n co

effic

312 nm254 nm

CN0.19 coating (0.1 m) on Si(100)Si3N4(8 mm) ball

in N2

0.020.030.04

Ave

rage

fric

0.000.01

0 60 120 180 240UV i di i i T i

A

UV irradiation time T, min

CN0.09 As-deposit: ＝0.028 ⇒ 254 nm-120 min: =0.002Minimum friction coefficient

CN0.12 As-deposit: ＝0.033 ⇒ 365 nm-60 min: =0.008

The friction coefficient decreased by UV irradiationBasic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara


The friction coefficient decreased by UV irradiation.

Outline & Summary1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNxCNx))・・MechanismMechanism Self modification in nm thicknessSelf modification in nm thicknessMechanism Mechanism Self modification in nm thickness Self modification in nm thickness ・・Effect of carbon overcoat on frictionEffect of carbon overcoat on friction

not need runningnot need running--inin・・Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiationEffect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiationEffect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation

on frictionon friction More rapid runningMore rapid running--in by 1/10 , in by 1/10 , L i i f i ti b 1/10L i i f i ti b 1/10Lower minimum friction by 1/10Lower minimum friction by 1/10

2. Low adhesion and friction of rubbero ad es o a d ct o o ubbe・・High dense plasma irradiation to CIIRHigh dense plasma irradiation to CIIR

・・UV ray irradiation to TPE with UV ray irradiation to TPE with PFPEPFPEBasic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara


yy

Industrial products and issueRubber ProductsWidely used asWidely used as components of various industrial productsas Oil seal, Packing,

Tire etc. Tire

p

Production methods

Tire

Production methodsInjection formingPress formingPress forming

Packing Oil seal

RubberIssue: Adhesion to mold or conveying equipment Mold

Rubber



y g q p Mold

Why rubber can stick to surface?

RubberEngineering plastics MetalCells, Soft tissue

Elastic modulus of various materials

[Pa] 103 106 109 1012

Elastic energy Adhesion energy

RubberThe Contact between Rubber and Steel

Elastic energy2

el hEU 2

ad UAdhesion energy

h

Steel Steel

1el 10U

Adhesion parameter ~ 10mJ/m2 = 10-2 J/m2 ~ 1 m = 10-6 m

1

ad

el 10U

1 m = 10 mE ~ 10 MPa = 107 Pah ~ 0.01 m = 10-8m

Adhesive!

B N J Persson at el



B.N.J. Persson at el.

Another issue for medicine bottle

Issue:Issue:St dh i f bb fStrong adhesion of rubber for medicine bottle against moldmedicine bottle against mold

DieSeparated !Separated !CIIR

DieDue to high adhesion

Die

Bottle stick todie pressureMedicine bottle



Various Various plasma treatmenttreatmentThe generator of ion beam irradiation treatment

Microwave Quartz

Electrodes RF

S f WSubstrate

Substrate

Surface Wave

Gas ring Gas inn ≈1011 1013 cm 3 at a frequency of 2 45

To pump

Plasma density : RF plasma < SWP plasmaRF plasma treatment Surface -wave excited plasma treatment

ne≈1011-1013 cm–3 at a frequency of 2.45 GHzne≈108-1010 cm–3



Plasma density : RF plasma < SWP plasma

Adhesion force measurement

Steppin

Adhesion force appartusLoad-Displacement curvpp

g motor

Linear guide

Approach

pe

Specime oad,

P

Retract

pp

SUS440CF 19.05mm

(2)(3)

n holderDriver

Adh i f

Lo

Displacement, dCIIR sheett: 3mm

(1)

(4)

Adhesion forceUpper side of load cell

SUS440C

(4) SeparationCIIR

(1) Contact (2) Approach (3) Retract



(4) Separation(1) Contact (2) Approach (3) Retract

Effect of plasma irradiation on adhesion

0.16

Material of sphere: SUS440C

Ion beam irradiation treatment Plasma treatmentMaterial of sphere: SUS440C

0.12

0.14

N

Material of sphere: SUS440CDiameter of sphere: φ19.05mm contact time: 90s, Ion gas: ArgonRetracting speed: 0.1mm/minHumidity: 45-50% Temperature: 22-24゜CMaximum load: 1N

Diameter of sphere: φ19.05mm contact time: 90s, Ion gas: ArgonRetracting speed: 0.1mm/minHumidity: 45-50% Temperature: 22-24゜CMaximum load: 1N

0.08

0.10

orce

F, N

Maximum load: 1N Mean value that treated 5 timesMeasured 3 times

Mean value that treated 5 timesMeasured 3 times

0.04

0.06

ull-o

ff fo Surface -wave

excited plasmaRF plasma

n ≈1011-1013 cm–3ne≈108-1010 cm–3

0 00

0.02

0.04

Pu

0.002N0.001N0.001N0.008N

(92.3%) (99.1%) (99.1%) (98.1%)0.005N

(95.2%)0.005N ≒ 0N ≒ 0N

0.015N 0.01N(≒100%)(95.2%)(90.2%)(85.9%)

ne≈10 -10 cm

0.00

Untreated 500V, 50W 30min

1000V, 100W

30min

1000V, 100W

60min

2500V, 150W,

30min32Pa 300W

12min Untreated 30Pa 200W

5min

30Pa 200W

10min

30Pa 250W

5min

32Pa 300W

30min

50Pa 300W

12min

Treatment time Ion beam >> surface-wave plasma treatment Surface-wave plasma treatment reduced adhesion almost 0 N between stainless steel ball and CIIR sheet



Contact microscope device

Prof. Isami NITTA, Niigata University, Japan

CIIR

CIIRCIIR

CIIR

The procedure of calculate the real contact areaSchematic diagram of a contact microscope with an elliptically polarized light

Lights pass through the prismThe procedure of calculate the real contact area

Prism fixed jig

The analyzer blocks the light when the asperity exists between prism and CIIR



j gThe asperity appear to be dark dot.

Real contact area Real contact area Unreated

20 ArgonOxygenm

m2

10

15Oxygen

area

Ar,

m

Temperature : 18-20℃Humidity : 30-40%M i l d 5NArgon-1 min Oxygen-1 min

5

10

cont

act a Maximum load : 5N

Argon-5 min Oxygen-5 min 0

5

Rea

l

Plasma treatment time, min0 5 10 15 20

Argon-10 min Oxygen-10 min Real contact areas were

decreased in all conditions !



Effect of real contact area on adhesion

0.10 Argon

0.08NOxygen

0.06forc

e, N

0.04

hesi

on f

0.02Adh

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160.00

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Real contact area,mm2



Surface topography of rubber surfaceSputter coated with platinum for 1mintues

(a)( )The subsurface on the CIIR looks less granular and generally has a smoother shape(c)Growing rougher as the t ti ti i i

(a) (b)treating time increasing

(d)(d)Microwave power pattern has changed - Roughest surface

≈ ≈ 25 25 μμmm

Roughest surface observed

The cross-section FE-SEM micrographs of oxygen plasma treated to CIIR rubber for (d)(c) Etching effect !Etching effect !



(a) Untreated (b) 200 W, 5 min (c) 200 W, 10 min and, (d) 200 W 20 min

Surface roughness of argon plasma treated to CIIR rubber

Untreated Argon 1 min

40 μm

Argon 15 min

280 μm0 μm 280 μm0 μm

25

30

Rmax RaRz

25.78

15

20

Rz Rq (RMS)

8 96

13.98

ght, μm

5

10

3.01 4.15

8.96

Hei

g

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

Treatment time min

3D laser scanning microscope images of CIIR sheets after oxygen plasma treatment

Treatment time, minSurface profile with argon plasma treatment, as a function of treatment time



g p g yg pwith 200 W at a gas pressure of 30 Pa for treatment times of (a)1, (b)5, (c)10, and (d)15 min.

Young’s modulus of CIIR rubberYoung’s modulus of CIIR rubber after argon plasma treated

300

A l f 5 ti d250

aAverage value of 5 times measured Maximum load : 50 μN

150

200

us E

, MPa

6 22

6.335 94

100

150

ng's

mod

lu 6.22 5.94

50You

n 3.96

0 5 10 15 200

Plasm a treatm ent tim e, m in MPa

1.04

untreated 1 5 10 15 2038 39.8 151.4 236.4 240.8 225.9

, MPa



Explanation by the GW model

2/1* )/(2.3 aa

re REAPA

2

22

1

21

*

)1()1(1EEE

)/( pp RE p : RMS

pR : asperity of radius = 1μmaP : apparent pressure

A20 Oxygen

aA : apparent area

a, m

m2

15

yg

ArgonPoisson’s ratio ν

ntac

t are

a

10

stainless steel ball : 0.3CIIR rubber : 0.5

Young’s modulus of

Rea

l con

0

5g

stainless steel ball : 210 GpaCIIR rubber : Measured

)1( NAPAPW aarer

R

0 5 10 15 20

0

Comparison between GW model & real contact area (Stainless steel ball and CIIR contact)

2/1* )/(1

pp RE , μm−1MPa −1



Comparison between GW model & real contact area (Stainless steel ball and CIIR contact)

Outline & Summary1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNxCNx))・・MechanismMechanism Self modification in nm thicknessSelf modification in nm thicknessMechanism Mechanism Self modification in nm thickness Self modification in nm thickness ・・Effect of carbon overcoat on frictionEffect of carbon overcoat on friction

not need runningnot need running--inin・・Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiationEffect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiationEffect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation

on frictionon friction More rapid runningMore rapid running--in by 1/10 , in by 1/10 , L i i f i ti b 1/10L i i f i ti b 1/10Lower minimum friction by 1/10Lower minimum friction by 1/10

2. Low adhesion and friction of rubbero ad es o a d ct o o ubbe・・High dense plasma irradiation to CIIRHigh dense plasma irradiation to CIIR

b L E & R h S llb L E & R h S ll AA

Tendency in Medical syringe products

Medical syringeMedical syringey gy g

Glass syringeGlass syringey gy g・Easy to crack・High cost UndesirableHigh cost・inferior to the size accuracy

Undesirable

Plastic syringePlastic syringeP d ti

Plastic syringePlastic syringe・・Productive・・Lubricated with silicone oilsilicone oil

Replacing glass syringes with plastic ones is desired.



Issues in advanced plastic syringe

G k （TPE）

Plastic syringe Float of silicone oil droplets※In certain medicinesIGasket（TPE） Plunger(PP)

TPE:Thermoplastic Elastomer

Risk of the accumulation

※In certain medicinesIssue

in the body

Silicone oil Barrel(PP)PP:Polypropylene

Constituent

yp py

Adsorption of medicineSilicone oil

Improper dosage

Silicone oilIssue

Improper dosage

To design the plastic syringe without the silicone oilTo design the plastic syringe without the silicone oilBasic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara


To design the plastic syringe without the silicone oilTo design the plastic syringe without the silicone oil

Photochemically fluorination

Fused silica glassIn vacuum

RealReal contact areacontact area

Surface free energySurface free energy

UV 172nm (695kj/mol)Fused silica glass

PFPE(Perfluoropolyether) Association energyAssociation energy

RealReal contact areacontact area

TPECC--C 350kj/molC 350kj/molCC--H 410kj/molH 410kj/mol Low frictionLow friction

UV (172 nm) Fused silica glassUV (172 nm) Fused silica glass

Bridge formation

UV 172nm Fused silica glass( )

Reaction area

( )

Reaction area

UV 172nmUV 172nm

CF3*

CF3*

CF3*

F*F*F*

CF3*

F* F* F*F*

*F*CF3

*F*

F* F*F*Dissociation of PFPE

CF3*

CF3*

CF3*

F*F*F*

CF3*

F* F* F*F*

*F*CF3

*F*

F* F*F*Dissociation of PFPE

FF b id f tib id f ti

C-F

C-FC-F

C-F C

-F

C-F

C-H C-F

TPE

C-C

F 3

C-C

F 3

C-C

F 3

C-F

C-C

F 3

F*F*

F F* F*F*

C-F

F* rich

C-F

C-FC-F

C-F C

-F

C-F

C-H C-F

TPE

C-C

F 3

C-C

F 3

C-C

F 3

C-F

C-C

F 3

F*F*

F F* F*F*

C-F

F* rich Form Form bridge formation bridge formation

TPE



Increase Increase Young's modulus Young's modulus TPE

Effect of Photochemically fluorination on friction

Friction test in flat specimen W=1 Nイメージを表示できません。メモリ不足のためにイメージを開くことができないか、イメージが破損している可能性があります。コンピュータを再起動して再度ファイルを開いてください。それでも赤い x が表示される場合は、イメージを削除して挿入してください。

6.0

Normal load W: 1 N , Sliding speed V: 2 mm/sWavelength of UV: 172 nm

4 0

5.0

ficie

nt

in air (30-50 %RH)TPE vs. Non-treated PP

Wavelength of UV: 172 nmDropped PFPE & Cleaned by HFE

3.0

4.0

n co

eff

77%2.0

Fric

tion -77%

0 0

1.0

0.00 20 40 60 80 100

I di ti ti t TPE t iBasic 14 Micro-Nano Tribology Prof. N. Umehara


Irradiation time to TPE t , min

Effect of Photochemically fluorination on friction

Friction test in TPE gasket

60.0Initial resistance- 40%- 40%

40 0

50.0

ce ,

N Average dynamic resistanceSize of syringe: 20 ml , Injection liquid: Water

40%40%

30.0

40.0

ance

forc

Dropped PFPE

Compression velocity: 100 mm/minWavelength of UV: 172 nm

20.0Res

ista Cleaned by HFE

10.0

0.0Non-treated Silicone oilIrradiated 90 min



1 Ult l f i ti f C b Nit id (1 Ult l f i ti f C b Nit id (CNCN ))Outline & Summary1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (1.Ultra low friction of Carbon Nitride (CNxCNx))・・Mechanism Mechanism Self modification in nm thickness Self modification in nm thickness ec a sec a s・・Effect of carbon overcoat on frictionEffect of carbon overcoat on friction

t d it d i iinot need runningnot need running--inin・・Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation Effect of Ultraviolet (UV) ray irradiation ( ) y( ) y

on frictionon friction More rapid runningMore rapid running--in by 1/10 , in by 1/10 , Lower minimum friction by 1/10Lower minimum friction by 1/10Lower minimum friction by 1/10Lower minimum friction by 1/10

2. Low adhesion and friction of rubber・・High dense plasma irradiation to CIIRHigh dense plasma irradiation to CIIR

by Larger E & Roughness Smallerby Larger E & Roughness Smaller ArAr

basic 14basic 14 - 名古屋大学gcoe.mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp/basic/pdf/basic-14.pdf · basic 14...

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