basic anatomy & physiology jacki byrd, rn, bsn montgomery county atc
TRANSCRIPT
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BASIC A
NATOMY
&
PHYS
IOLO
GY
J AC
KI B
YR
D, R
N, B
SN
MO
NT
GO
ME
RY
C
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AT
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AnatomyStudy of the body
PhysiologyStudy of how the body functions
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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONCells smallest unit of life
Tissues groups of cells with similar functions
Organs groups of tissues with similar functions
Systems group of organs with similar functions
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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
What does a group of systems make?
A living organism or Human
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QUESTION…..
What is the largest organ of the human body?
SKIN
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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
The skinCovers the whole body as a continuous layerComplex combination of tissuesLargest organ of the body3000 square inches
One square inch 20 blood vessels 78 nerves 78 sensors for heat 13 sensors for cold 1300 nerve endings 19, 500, 000 cells ½ million cells dying and being replaced
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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN Protection
Barrier against microbes, dirt, chemicals; shock absorber
Water balancePrevents loss of water and absorption
Temperature regulationBlood vessels near surface vasodilate (get bigger) and vasoconstrict (get
smaller)
Waste disposalExcretion of oil, water, Na+, Co2
Receptor organsSensations of touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure
Vitamin D productionUses UV rays from the sun to forma n initial molecule of Vit D….which then
matures in the liver
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LAYERS OF THE SKIN
EpidermisOut layerComplete regeneration in 35 days
DermisTrue skinStrong, flexibleFramework of elastic connective tissue and blood vessels
fingerprints
Subcutaneous tissueInnermost layerFatty tissueConnects skin to underlying muscles
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GLANDS OF THE SKIN
CeruminousEar wax
SudoriferousSweat glandsBasically odorless until it interacts with bacteria on the
skin….then….body odorSweating (perspiration) removes excess water from the body and
cools the body as the sweat evaporates
SebaceousOil glandsProduce sebum, an oil that keeps the skin and hair from becoming
dry and brittleWhen oil gland becomes plugged= pimples!
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ACCESSORY ORGANS
NailsDead cells in the epidermis that are packed closely together
HairRoot + hair shaft
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SKIN COLOR
PigmentsMelanin
Only pigment made in the skinYellow to reddish brown to blackRacial differences—kind and amount of melanin madeLocal accumulations—freckles, pigmented moles
CaroteneYellow to orangeObvious in palms and soles of feet
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ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
Erythema: REDCongestion of blood in vesselsBurnsEmbarrassmentFeverHypertensionInflammationAllergy
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ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
Pallor (blanching, pale) Emotional stressAnemiaLow blood pressure
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ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
JaundiceLiver disorderGallbladder disorderPresence of bile in the bloodDiseases involving the destruction of RBC’sWhat disease did we talk about that would cause jaundice?
Hep C
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ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
CyanosisInsufficient oxygen in tissuesWho might we see this in?
Patients with respiratory diseasesInfants Drowning victims
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ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
VitiligoLoss of pigment in certain areas
What celebrity said he suffered from this disease?
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ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
AlbinismAbsence of pigment
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ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR
Bruises (contusion)Blood escapes the vessels and clots beneath the skin
HematomaHemopheliaAnemiaLeukemia
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SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
AcneOveractive secretion of sebaceous glandsTreatment
Thorough washingSteroid creamsUV light treatmentAvoidance of certain foodsChemical face peels Dermabrasion
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SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS Eczema
Vesicles on reddened skin that burst and weep….then crusts
TreatmentAntihistaminesSteroidsWet dressingsStarch bathsTranquilizers
***stress can aggravate condition
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SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
UrticariaHives…..allergy or emotional stressTreatment
Steroidsantihistamines
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SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS Impetigo
Erythema, vesicles with sticky yellow crustsInfection with staph or strepVERY contagiousTreatment
Remove crustsApply antibiotic ointment
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SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Decubitus UlcersBed soresPressureDecreased circulation to a specific areaHigh occurrence in long term care facilities
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HEALTH CAREERS RELATED TO THE SKIN
AllergistDermatologistPlastic surgeon
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REVIEW
The most basic unit of life is
The cell
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REVIEW
The skin is made of three layers….what are they?
EpidermisDermis
Subcutaneous tissue
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REVIEW
How does the skin provide protection?
Barrier against microbes/bacteria
Shock absorber
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REVIEW
What is the only pigment made in the skin?
Melanin
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REVIEW
This is a collection of blood beneath the skin
bruise