Basic Approach of Basic Approach of 6140061400--2525

Erich W. GuntherErich W. GuntherEnerNex CorporationEnerNex Corporationerich@enernex.comerich@enernex.com

Approach Approach –– Key ConceptsKey ConceptsFocus on requirements of monitoring and control Focus on requirements of monitoring and control functions.functions.Numerous wind power plant topologies are Numerous wind power plant topologies are supportedsupportedThe model for describing information objects and The model for describing information objects and services is independent of the communication services is independent of the communication protocol and physical media.protocol and physical media.The standard allows mappings to different The standard allows mappings to different protocols and implementation on various protocols and implementation on various physical media.physical media.The communication protocol stack, to the The communication protocol stack, to the maximum extent possible, should make use of maximum extent possible, should make use of existing standards.existing standards.

Table of ContentsTable of Contents11 ScopeScope22 Normative referencesNormative references33 Terms and definitionsTerms and definitions44 Abbreviated termsAbbreviated terms55 Overall description of IEC 61400Overall description of IEC 61400--252566 Wind power plant information modelWind power plant information model77 Information exchange modelInformation exchange model88 Specific mappings to communication protocolsSpecific mappings to communication protocols99 Configuration of wind power plant componentsConfiguration of wind power plant componentsConformance testingConformance testing

Table of Contents Table of Contents -- AnnexesAnnexesAA Mapping to ISO 9506 (MMS)Mapping to ISO 9506 (MMS)BB Mapping process data to IEC 60870Mapping process data to IEC 60870--55--101/104101/104CC Mapping to web servicesMapping to web servicesDD Mapping DNP3Mapping DNP3EE Value range for units and multiplierValue range for units and multiplierFF Comparison of IEC 60870Comparison of IEC 60870--55--101/101/--103/103/--104, DNP3, 104, DNP3, and IEC 61850and IEC 61850GG Interfaces Interfaces –– Implementation considerationsImplementation considerationsHH From the model through the message on the wireFrom the model through the message on the wireII The WSDL specification for the mapping to web The WSDL specification for the mapping to web services.services.

Clause 5 Clause 5 –– Overview of 61400Overview of 61400--25255 Overall description of IEC 61400-255.1 General5.2 Objectives and user of the standard5.3 Top-down view on wind power plants5.3.1 Definition of wind power plants5.3.2 Wind power plant components

5.4 Requirements on communication5.4.1 Communication capability5.4.2 Communication content5.4.3 Communication functions5.4.4 Communication performance

5.5 Communication model of IEC 61400-25 5.5.1 Introduction5.5.2 Application topology examples5.5.3 Wind power plant information model5.5.4 Information exchange model and relation to

wind power plant information models5.5.5 Mapping to communication profile

Objectives of 61400Objectives of 61400--2525To be used worldTo be used world--wide by the wind power industry as a wide by the wind power industry as a communication standard for the monitoring and control of wind communication standard for the monitoring and control of wind power plants. power plants. To be implemented by vendors (manufactures and suppliers) of To be implemented by vendors (manufactures and suppliers) of wind power plant components and system integrators into their wind power plant components and system integrators into their systems to create a standard basis for vendorsystems to create a standard basis for vendor--independent independent monitoring and control.monitoring and control.To be used by operators and owners of wind power plants, as wellTo be used by operators and owners of wind power plants, as wellas utility companies and other parties, to monitor and control tas utility companies and other parties, to monitor and control the he components used for the operation of wind power plants on a components used for the operation of wind power plants on a standard basis.standard basis.To be as compatible as possible with other utility communicationTo be as compatible as possible with other utility communications s standards such that interoperability with these systems can be standards such that interoperability with these systems can be achieved with a minimum amount of time, money, and interfacing achieved with a minimum amount of time, money, and interfacing devices.devices.To be considered by planners of wind power plants and designers To be considered by planners of wind power plants and designers of of wind power plant components in their current and future projectswind power plant components in their current and future projects. .

Communication ContentCommunication Content

Process informationProcess informationCumulative informationCumulative informationHistorical informationHistorical informationSetting informationSetting informationMetaMeta--informationinformation

Information about available attributes, types, Information about available attributes, types, and other runand other run--time informationtime information

Communication FunctionsCommunication Functions

OperationalOperational

ManagementManagement

Changing and modifying, intervening, switching, controlling, parameterising, optimising of wind power plants.

Control

Archiving, exporting, restoring of data.Data retrieval

Analysing, reporting, evaluating of wind power plants.

Logging and reporting

Local or remote monitoring of the status and changes of states (indications) for wind power plants.

Supervision / monitoring

Range of application (practical use)Operational functions

Defining how the information exchange will take place; setting, changing and receiving (retrieval) of configuration data.

Configuration functions

This function is used to set up and provide for self-monitoring of the communication system.

Diagnostics (self-monitoring)

Synchronisation of devices within a communication system.

Time synchronisation

Setting up, modifying, deleting users (administratively), assigning access rights (administratively), monitoring access

User / access management

Range of application (practical use)Management functions

Communications ModelCommunications ModelServer

Wind power plantinformation modeldefined by IEC 61400-25

Wind power plantinformation modeldefined by IEC 61400-25

Input

Data

Output

Information

Standard frame ofinterpretation for data input

Processing

Wind power plantinformation exchangedefined by IEC 61400-25

Wind power plantinformation exchangedefined by IEC 61400-25

Standard way ofpresentation of the

information toclients

Communication

information formattedaccording to 61400-25

Communication ModelCommunication Model

Hid

es/e

ncap

sula

tes

real

Wor

ld

Map

ping

...

(Virtual World)

LNLNLNLN

Speedmapping toprotocolstack

TCP/IPNetwork

Prot.

61400-25Services

logical component

Position

WROT

61400-25 logical partof component (Rotor)

61400-25 data(Rotor Speed)

virtualisation

Realcomponent inwind turbine

configuration file

Server ViewServer View

Time Synchronisation File TransferAuthorisation

Server

Logical Node

Control

Report Control Blockvalues on

change, event,periodic

Logical Devicenameplate, health

Data ondemand

Data ondemand

Data ondemand

Query

DataData

DataSet

DataSet

Log

reference

Data Values

Log Control Block

Subscribe

values onchange, event,

periodic

values onchange, event,

periodic

bidirectional information exchange

unidirectional information exchange

Logical NodeData

Multiple Topologies SupportedMultiple Topologies Supported

RemoteSCADA

Local SCADA

Client

Server(Gateway)

Othercomponents

Propr.

Server

Propr.

Client

Server

Server

ClientServer

Router

Server

C

A

E

B

DLegend: IEC 61400-25 standard communication

proprietary communication

A

B

C D E

Clause 6 Clause 6 –– The Good StuffThe Good Stuff

Breaks down a WPP into basic building blocks Breaks down a WPP into basic building blocks based on function and realbased on function and real--world realization world realization ––Logical NodesLogical NodesFor each logical node, defines the equivalent of For each logical node, defines the equivalent of an old fashioned “points list” only uses names an old fashioned “points list” only uses names instead of an index or memory offset instead of an index or memory offset –– standard standard names for standard thingsnames for standard thingsEach attribute has a type which can be simple Each attribute has a type which can be simple (e.g. REAL4, INT32) or complex (e.g. a structure (e.g. REAL4, INT32) or complex (e.g. a structure or array)or array)

Logical NodesLogical Nodes

OWind turbine report informationWREP

OWind turbine analogue log informationWALG

OWind turbine state log informationWSLG

MWind turbine alarm informationWALM

MWind power plant meteorological informationWMET

OWind turbine tower informationWTOW

MWind turbine yawing informationWYAW

OWind turbine nacelle informationWNAC

MWind turbine grid connection informationWGDC

OWind turbine converter informationWCNV

MWind turbine generator informationWGEN

OWind turbine transmission informationWTRM

MWind turbine rotor informationWROT

MWind turbine general informationWTUR

M/ODescriptionLN classes

Standard Names for Standard ThingsStandard Names for Standard ThingsWTUR class Attribute Name Attr. Type Explanation T M/C/O

LNName Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

Data General information

LN shall inherit all Mandatory Data from Wind Power Plant Common Logical Node Class (see Error! Reference source not found.)

M

TurAvlTm TMS Turbine availability time M

TurOpTm TMS Turbine operation time O

TurStrCt CTE Number of turbine starts O

TurStpCt CTE Number of turbine stops O

State information

TurSt STV Windturbine status M

Analogue information

TotEgyAt AMV Total active energy generation M

TotEgyRt AMV Total reactive energy generation O

TotPwrAt AMV Total active power production M

TotPwrRt AMV Total reactive power production O

Control information

SetTurOp CMD Windturbine operation command: Str | Stp | Auto M

Setpoint information

DmdPwrAt SPV Turbine active power production setpoint O

DmdPwrRt SPV Turbine reactive power production setpoint O

DmdPwf SPV Turbine power factor setpoint O

Basic TypesBasic TypesAttribute type

Name Range / explanation

BOOLEAN True | False

INT8 -128 to +127

INT16 -32.768 to +32.767

INT24 -8.388.608 to 8.388.607

INT32 -2**32 to (2**32)-1

INT128 -2**127 to (2**127)-1

INT8U 0 to 255

INT16U 0 to 65.535

INT24U 0 to 16 777 215

INT32U 0 to 4.294.967.295

FLOAT32 single precision floating point, range and precision as specified by IEEE 754 single precision floating popint.

FLOAT64 double precision floating point, range and precision as specified by IEEE 754 double precision floating popint.

ENUMERATED Ordered set of values dependent of information to be modeled; custom extensions are allowed

CODED ENUM Ordered set of values, defined once; custom extensions are not allowed. Type shall be mapped to an efficient encoding in the mappings

VISIBLE STRING ASCII string

More Complex TypesMore Complex Types

TimeStamp type definition

Attribute name Attribute type Value/value range/explanation M/O

SecondSinceEpoch INT32 (0...MAX) M

FractionOfSecond INT24U Value = SUM from i=0 to 23 of bi*2**–(i+1); Order = b0, b1, b2, b3, ...

M

TimeQuality TimeQuality M

AnalogueValue Type Definition

Attribute Name Attribute Type Value/Value Range M/O/C

i INT32 integer value GC_1 a)

f FLOAT32 floating point value GC_1 a)

a) GC_1 = At least one of the attributes shall be present for a given instance of DATA.

Like a C Language Structure or a C++ Language Class

Clause 7 Clause 7 –– Information ModelInformation Model

This clause describes the information This clause describes the information modeling approach. It borrows heavily modeling approach. It borrows heavily from IEC 61850 and is compatible with it. from IEC 61850 and is compatible with it. It is included/repeated in the standard so It is included/repeated in the standard so that the document can be more useful as a that the document can be more useful as a “stand alone” document.“stand alone” document.

Clause 8 Clause 8 –– Protocol MappingsProtocol MappingsThe logical model is independent of the underlying The logical model is independent of the underlying protocol used to transport the data.protocol used to transport the data.The underlying protocol is generally independent of the The underlying protocol is generally independent of the physical media used to provide connectivity of the physical media used to provide connectivity of the devicesdevices61850 formally defines one mapping 61850 formally defines one mapping –– ISO 9506 ISO 9506 –– MMS. MMS. 6140061400--25 defines 4. 61850 could and should utilize the 25 defines 4. 61850 could and should utilize the additional mappings and immediately make it a more additional mappings and immediately make it a more flexible standardflexible standardAdditional mappings are possible but maybe not Additional mappings are possible but maybe not desirable for simplicity of interoperabilitydesirable for simplicity of interoperabilityProtocol mapping flexibility is best used to track Protocol mapping flexibility is best used to track communications industry technological advancement communications industry technological advancement rather than the ability to support your favorite protocolrather than the ability to support your favorite protocol

AnnexesAnnexes

The annexes contain a bunch of The annexes contain a bunch of information that software developers need information that software developers need to know to implement the standardto know to implement the standardMainly describes the gritty details for the Mainly describes the gritty details for the protocol mappings protocol mappings –– geeks only please!geeks only please!

ConclusionConclusionThe standard document must balance several factors:The standard document must balance several factors:

Two audiencesTwo audiencesElectric power engineers with a specialty in windElectric power engineers with a specialty in windCommunication & information engineers & software developersCommunication & information engineers & software developers

The desire for a standThe desire for a stand--alone document with enough information to alone document with enough information to implement the standard versus the desire for a document with onlimplement the standard versus the desire for a document with only y the wind industry specific information and references to all oththe wind industry specific information and references to all other er standards and other documents necessary to use the standard standards and other documents necessary to use the standard ––tough calltough call

Approach based on modern object oriented communications Approach based on modern object oriented communications modeling approach and standardsmodeling approach and standardsIndependent of specific protocols and physical mediaIndependent of specific protocols and physical mediaExtensible without obsolescence as new capabilities Extensible without obsolescence as new capabilities required and technology advancesrequired and technology advancesSupports continuum of simple, bandwidth constrained Supports continuum of simple, bandwidth constrained devices/systems to extensive, high point count devices, devices/systems to extensive, high point count devices, systems and gateways connected to high speed networkssystems and gateways connected to high speed networks