basic concepts in medical sociology
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to basic concepts in sociologyDr. Rizwan S. A.Assistant Professor,Department of Community Medicine,VMCHRI, Madurai.
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Learning objectives
At the end of this lecture you should be able to
Define the terms related to medical sociology
Describe the role of sociology in health
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What is sociology?
Study of human relationships and of human behavior
Concerned with the effects on the individual of the ways in which other individuals think and act
Medical sociology: the study of cultural factors and social relations in relation to illness
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Some terms1. Society2. Community3. Social structure4. Social institutions5. Role6. Socialism7. Socialization 8. Social control mechanisms9. Customs, Culture
10. Acculturation11. Standard of living12. Dynamics of social change13. Social stress14. Social problems15. Social pathology16. Social surveys, Case study17. Communication18. Social defence
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Society
Group of people settle down and organize
System of laws and customs
Public health is a part
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Examples of society
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Community
Social group determined by geographical boundaries and/or common interests
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Social structure
Pattern of inter-relations between persons
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Organizational chart
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Social institutions
An organized complex pattern of behaviour in which a number of persons participate in order to further group interest
Eg. Family, school, church
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Examples of social institutions
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Role
Individuals are allocated roles as people in a drama
Ascribed or achieved
When a person falls ill, he assumes “sick role”
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Socialism
Any economic doctrine that favours the use of property and resources of the country for the public welfare
Social ownership ’All for all' and 'each
for all’
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Socialization
Process by which an individual gradually acquires culture and becomes a member of a social group
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Social control mechanisms
Formal – laws and acts
Informal - social pressure exerted by powerful groups, individuals, friends
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Customs
Folkways, moresPublic takes active
partConvention
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Culture
Learned behaviour which has been socially acquired
Has a profound influence on health and disease
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Acculturation
“Culture contact" Trade,
industrialization, religion, education, conquest
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Dynamic of social change
The interaction between social factors and health issues is complex and sometimes unpredictable
Traditional, transitional and modern societies
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Transition society
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Social stress
Conflict generated by new opportunities and societal changes
Migration, mass media, tourism, technology
Factor in all diseases
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Social problems
Poverty, crime and disease - common social problems
Many public health problems are social problems like drugs, alcohol
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Examples for social problems
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Social pathology
Limited in meaningPoverty, crime,
delinquencyUncovered by social
surveys
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Examples of social pathology
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Social surveys
Objective is to study the role of social factors in the etiology of disease
Relationship of social factors to heart disease, cancer and arthritis
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Case study
Method of exploring and analyzing person, family, institution, community in a detailed manner
May not be representative of a larger population
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Field study
Concerned with depth of knowledge
Observation of people in situ.
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Communication
A social process - flow of information, circulation of knowledge and ideas, and the propagation of thoughts
To bring about changes in behaviour
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Social defence
Preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitative services for the protection of society from antisocial, criminal or deviant conduct of man
Juvenile delinquency, eradication of beggary, welfare of prisoners, prison reforms, elimination of prostitution, control of alcoholism, drug addiction