basic concepts in psychological testing
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
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Objective
Define the basic terms pertaining to psychological and educational tests
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TESTS
are measurement devices or techniques used to quantify behavior, to aid in the understanding and prediction of behavior.
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An ITEM is a specific stimulus to which a person responds overtly.This response can be evaluated or scored.
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A PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST or educational test is a set of items that is designed to measure characteristics of human beings that pertain to behavior.
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TYPES OF TESTSINDIVIDUAL TESTS: those that can be given to only one person at a time
GROUP TESTS: can be administered to more than one person at a given time by a single examiner.
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CATEGORIES OF TESTS :according to the type of behavior that they measure
1. Different types of ability1.1 ACHIEVEMENT: refers to previous learning
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1.2 APTITUDE: potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill (given a certain amount of training, education or experience)
1.3 INTELLIGENCE: refers to a person’s general potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances, think abstractly and profit from experience
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ALL THREE (achievement, aptitude, intelligence) are highly interrelated- NO clear-cut distinction
BUT there is a clear-cut distinction between ability tests and personality tests.
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PERSONALITY TESTS: are related to the overt and covert DISPOSITIONS of the individual. They measure TYPICAL behaviors.
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TYPES OF PERSONALITY TESTS
1.STRUCTURED PERSONALITY TESTS: provide a statement, usually of a “self-report” variety and require the subject to choose between 2 or more alternative responses.
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2. PROJECTIVE PERSONALITY TESTS: UNstructured; either the stimulus (of the test) or the response – or both-- are AMBIGUOUS.
SPONTANEOUS response is required of the test takers
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Projective tests assumes that a person’s interpretation of an ambiguous stimulus will reflect his or her unique characteristics.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING refers to all possible uses, applications and underlying concepts of psychological and educational tests.