basic experimental design psci 4442 march 6, 2009
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Experimental Design
PSCI 4442March 6, 2009
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Fundamental Types of Research•Basic (Pure) Research
•Applied Research
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Attributes of a Basic Science Problem•Interests investigator strongly•Connections with other science•Fits into a larger picture•Well-laid out hypotheses•Why me?•Know when to hold, know when to fold
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Attributes of an Applied Science Problem•Careful statement of problem•Know background of problem•Information sharing important•Balancing applied and fundamental
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Elementary Scientific Method
•Be objective•Observation and description• Write in notebook immediately• Avoid bias
•Analyze• Break into multiple parts• Simplify
•Synthesis (not chemical term)• Approximate real solution from simple
parts• Simple parts must be the correct ones• Effects of parts considered
•Create hypothesis – tentative suggestion•Test hypotheses
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Elementary Scientific Method (cont.)•Can a model be constructed?•Search for causes• Method of agreement• Method of difference• Method of concomitant variation
•Fallacies
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Experimental Design
•Break into simple parts•Identify variables•Carefully select sample(s)•Controls and/or standards•Replication•Design of apparatus
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Analysis of Data
•If possible, apply rigorous statistical methods•Identify uncertainties and sources of error
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Reporting of Results
•Typically in a journal format• Letter to the editor• Communication• Full-length paper
•Could be presentation• Some publish abstracts and papers
•Work needs to be original
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Reference
•An Introduction to Scientific Research, E. Bright Wilson, Jr., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1952.