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Mlii - FM 21-6REt. ICopy 3

EPARTMENT

BASIC FIELD MANUAL

LIST OF PUBLICATIONSFOR TRAINING, INCLUDING

TRAINING FILMS ANDFILM STRIPS

February 1, 1942

FM 21-6

BASIC FIELD MANUAL

.,

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

FOR TRAINING, INCLUDINGTRAINING FILMS AND

FILM STRIPS

February 1, 1942

UNITED STATESB

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1942

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.

WAR DEPARTMENT,WASHINGTON, February 1, 1942.

FM 21-6, List of Publications for Training, including Train-ing Films and Film Strips, is published for the informationand guidance of all concerned.

[A. G. 062.11 (2-1-42).]

BY ORDER OF TIHE SECRETARY OF WAR:

0. C. MARSHALL,Chief of Staff.

OFFICIAL:

E. S. ADAMS,Major General,

The Adjutant General.

TABLE OF CONTENTSPara-

SECTION I. FIELD SERVICE REGULATIONS, FIELD MAN- graph PageUALS, AND TECHNICAL MANUALS.

Scope ___----_---- __---- __-__----___ 1 1Texts --____________________________ 2 1Numbering --________________________ 3 2Changes__________________________ - -4 3Copyrighted matter --________________ 65 4How distributed -___________--_-- -- 6 4Allowances_______________________ - -7 4Inspection of official files of publica-

tions___________------------------ 8 5II. TRAINING CIRCULARS.

Scope --_____________________________ 9 5Numbering ------- __________________ 10 5Distribution_ -_________________.__-__ 11 5

III. LIST OF PRINTED PUBLICATIONS.Army Regulations -----_------------ 12 6Firing Tables________ ______________- 13 6Instruction Charts ____________----- 14 6Mobilization Regulations____-------- 15 7Mobilization Training Programs_____ 16 8Tables of Basic Allowances and Allow-

ances____________________________ 17 12Tables of Organization ______------- 18 15Training publications_-________----- 19 15

Field Manuals________________ ----Technical Manuals_ ________------Technical Regulations __________--_

IV. TRAINING FILMS AND FnILM STRIPS.General _____________-_____________ 20 88Purpose of visual training aids_______ 21 88Advantages of training films--------- 22 90Preparation of training films__------- 23 91Projection facilities_______---------- 24 91Storage of films ____________-------- 25 93Rules for use of 35-mm films__------- 26 94Rules for use of 16-mm films -------- 27 94Distribution of training films ------- 28 95Distribution of film strips_______----- 29 97Use of training films----_____------- 30 97Errors in use of visual training aids___ 31 101Assistance to training agencies ------ 32 102Lists of training films and film strips__ 33 102

APPENDIX. TRAINING FILM EXAMINATION ________------ 184

IJI

FM 21-6

BASIC FIELD MANUAL

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FOR TRAINING

(This pamphlet supersedes FM 21-6, September 1, 1941; TrainingCirculars Nos. 64 (section II), 65, and 69, War Department, 1941.

SECTION I

FIELD SERVICE REGULATIONS, FIELD MANUALS, ANDTECHNICAL MANUALS

* 1. SCOPE.-This manual contains lists or references to listsof publications or matter required for military training.

* 2. TEXTs.-The primary texts for training in schools, in-cluding extension courses, in garrison, in training centers,and in the field are War Department training publicationsissued, as a general rule, in the form of Field Service Regula-tions, Field Manuals, and Technical Manuals. TechnicalRegulations will eventually be eliminated by the inclusion ofsuitable material in other training documents.

a. Field Service Regulations constitute the basis of instruc-tion of all arms and services in the operations of war andannounce the basic doctrines which are expanded and appliedin other texts. They contain the fundamental considerationsconcerning the employment of the combined arms and thecombined services, and the strategical, tactical, and admin-istrative employment of larger units and territorial com-mands. For convenience, Field SerVice Regulations are num-bered in the Field Manual series.

b. Field Manuals constitute the primary means for expand-ing the basic doctrines of the Field Service Regulations.They are published in three general divisions as follows:

(1) The Field Manuals for the several arms and servicescontain instructions relative to the tactics and technique in-volved in the employment of such arms and services, togetherwith data needed in the theater of operations.

(2) The Basic Field Manuals contain training and refer-ence data applicable to more than one arm or service, withspecial reference to the smaller units.

1

2-3 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FOR TRAINING

(3) The Staff Officers' Field Manual is a compilation ofinformation and data to be used as a guide for the oper-ations in the field of the general staff or a similar staff groupof all units in peace and war.

c. Technical Manuais consist of a series of pamphlets sup-plementing the Field Manuals covering subjects, the sepa-rate treatment of wh:ch is considered essential to a fulleraccomplishment of the training prescribed in the Field Man-ual series. The scope of this series includes pamphletsdescribing materiel and containing instructions for the oper-ation, care, and handling thereof; guidebooks for instruc-tors and specialists; material for extension courses; referencebooks; and the like.

Blank and drill ammunition used in "basic weapons" is,covered in the FM 23-series. Blank ammunition used byfield artillery or antiaircraft artillery will be covered in theTechnical Manual for the particular weapon. Blank ammu-nition for harbor defense and railway artillery will be cov-ered in TM 9-905, when published.

U 3. NUMBERING.-The number of each pamphlet will con-sist of two parts: the basic number and subnumber.

a. The basic numbers will be as follows:1. Air Corps,2. Cavalry.3. Chemical 'Warfare Service.4. Coast Artillery Corps.5. Corps of Engineers.6. Field Artillery.7. Infantry.8. Medical Department.9. Ordnance Department.

10. Quartermaster Corps.11. Signal Corps.12. Adjutant General's Department.13. Inspector General's Department.14. Finance Department.15. Judge Advocate General's Department.16. Chaplains.17. Armored Force.18. Tank Destroyer.19. Military Police.

2

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FOR TRAINING 3-4

20 to 31. Basic Field Manuals.100. Field Service Regulations.101. Staff Officers' Field Manual.105. Umpire Manual.

b. The subnumbers for Field Manuals will be from 1 to 199and for Technical Manuals 200, etc.

c. Examples:FM 6-110-Field Artillery Field Manual-Pack Artil-

lery.FM 22-5-Basic Field Manual-Infantry Drill Regula-

tions.FM 100-5--Field Service Regulations-Operations.TM 4-235-Technical Manual-Coast Artillery Target

Practice.d. Reference.--For references in correspondence or publi-

cations, Field Manuals and Technical Manuals will ordinar-ily be referred to by number only, that is, FM 6-110 or TM4-235; if it is necessary to identify the publication further,the title will be added, that is, FM 6-110, FAFM, PackArtillery; TM 4-235, Coast Artillery Target Practice.

*4. CHANGES.-a. In order that prompt recommendationsmay be submitted, each agency charged with the prepara-tion of a manual will keep a folder of suggested changes.Serious errors will be reported at once.

b. How effected.-When the subject matter contained ina pamphlet is changed or corrected, it will be published as achange only when it is deemed inadvisable to revise andreprint the entire pamphlet.

c. When promulgated.-Changes will, as a general rule, bepublished as soon as practicable after the necessity for achange arises. The number and date of the change will fol-low the classification number at the end of each paragraph.A change requiring immediate attention will be published in aWar Department numbered training circular (see sec. II),or as a printed change.

d. How 2ublished.-When printed, changes will be pub-lished on one side of the page only so that they may be cutand pasted over the matter which they change.

e. How numbered.--Changes will be numbered in a singleseries for each edition of each pamphlet, a new series beingstarted with the first change pertaining to an edition.

3

4--7 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FOR TRAINING

/. Drafts.-Drafts of matter submitted for publication aschanges will contain both the existing and the proposed mat-ter, the matter to be omitted, with a line drawn through it,and the proposed matter underscored.

g. Minor changes.--Minor changes, such as those intendedmerely to change the rhetorical construction of a portion ofregulations for purposes of clarity or those not involving achange of doctrine, will be allowed to accumulate and willbe published in a revision of the regulations in question.

h. Changes affecting other publications.-When changesare prepared which may affect other War Department publi-cations or portions thereof to the extent of requiring modi-fications of the latter, changes to the other publications soaffected will be prepared and submitted at the same time.

* 5. COPYRIGHTED MATTER.-See AR 310-10.

· 6. How DISTRIBUTED.-Training publications and changesthereto will be distributed through the distributing agenciesenumerated in AR 31.0-200.

* 7. ALLOWANCES.---a. The initial distribution of pamphletswill be in accordance with the following unless otherwisedirected:

(1) Ten copies of every pamphlet to the headquarters ofGHQ and of each army, corps, corps area, or department.

(2) Two copies of every pamphlet to-(a) Office of each chief of arm, service, and the National

Guard Bureau.(b) Headquarters of each division unless a larger allowance

is indicated by symbols. See paragraph 19.(c) Headquarters of each general and special service

school.(d) Headquarters of the United States Military Academy.(e) Each arm and service board.(3) One copy of every pamphlet for-(a) Headquarters of each garrisoned post or camp.(b) The official office file of the professor of military science

and tactics of each educational institution maintaining Re-serve Officers' Training Corps or section 55c NDA units. Thereference library of each educational institution maintainingone or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps isentitled to receive for each unit one copy of the training

4


publications pertaining to the unit. Junior Reserve Officers'Training Corps units will be given the same distribution assenior infantry units.

(4) To headquarters other than the above, as indicatedopposite each pamphlet in the list under paragraph 19.

b. Individuals, headquarters, and offices may, on showingneed therefor, obtain any printed pamphlet by applying tothe distributing agency serving them.

* 8. INSPECTION OF OFFICIAL FILES OF PUBLICATIONS.-a. Com-

manding officers will have all official files of military publi-cations of their commands inspected semiannually and willrequire that they be kept properly posted to date. Thesepublications will at no time be removed from the custody ofthe organization or office to which issued, and commandingofficers will see that the publications are transferred to thesuccessor in the office or in command.

b. Stocks or copies of any publication on hand which arein excess of current or anticipated need will be reported to thedistribution agency for instructions as to disposition.

SECTION II

TRAINING CIRCULARS

N 9. ScoPE.-The purpose of training circulars is to promul-gate new doctrine for test; to issue minor changes in FieldManuals and Technical Manuals, or other training literature;and to disseminate War Department training policies fromtime to time. Training information that should receive widedistribution should be forwarded by all agencies charged withthe formulation of training policies. This applies particularlyto changes in existing Field Manuals, Technical Manuals, andTraining Circulars. Changes in Army Regulations and WarDepartment Circulars are ordinarily published in War Depart-ment numbered Circulars rather than Training Circulars.

* 10. NUMBERING.-Training circulars will be numbered con-secutively for each calendar year. For references in corre-spondence or publications an abbreviation such as "TC 1"(1941) may be employed.

· 11. DISTRIBUTION.-Same as paragraph 14, AR 310-200.

5


SECTION III

LISTS OF PRINTED PUBLICATIONS

* 12. ARMY REGULATIONS.-For list of Army Regulations, seeAR 1-10. For Army R.egulations on safety precautions, seeAR 750-10 and 850-20.

* 13. FIRING TABLES.--For list of Firing Tables, see StandardNomenclature List No. F-69 distributed by the OrdnanceDepartment.

* 14. INSTRUCTION CHARTS.-Instruction charts are preparedand issued by the Ordnance Department covering ammuni-tion and small arms. Each chart is listed in the appropriateStandard Nomenclature List, under Equipment: Articles forInstructional Purposes.

6

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FOR TRAINING 15

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* 18. TABLES OF ORGANIZATIONS.-See list of Tables of Organi-zation, October 1, 1941.

* 19. TRAINING PUBLICATIONS.-a. General.-(1) The lists be-low show the pamphlets other than confidential or secret,published to date by number, title, and date of publication,the number of the changes thereto, together with symbolsindicating the distribution of each pamphlet.

(2) Explanation of symbols.-A combination of letters, in-dicating the headquarters of organizations and numbers,indicating the specific arms or services to which the distri-bution is limited, is used. The meanings of these are asfollows:

(a) Letters. (See also (d) and (e) below.)D.-Headquarters of divisions. If more than two copies

are issued, see paragraph 7a(2) (b).B.-Headquarters of brigades.R.-Headquarters of regiments.Bn.-Headquarters of battalions or similar organiza-

tions.C.-Headquarters of companies and similar units.1.-Used in combination with the above letters indi-

cates the pamphlet is to be issued to interestedorganizations only.

H or L.-H used in combination with the above lettersindicates that the pamphlet will be issued to theparticular organization specified and higher head-quarters; L to particular organization specified andlower headquarters.

X.-Special distribution as directed by the War De-partment.

(b) Numbers.1. When not in parentheses, numbers are used to indi-

cate the various arms and services as follows:1. Air Corps.2. Cavalry.3. Chemical Warfare Service.4. Coast Artillery Corps.5. Corps of Engineers.

15


6. Field Artillery.7. Infantry.8. Medical Department.9. Ordnance Department.

10. Quartermaster Corps.11. Signal Corps.12. Adjutart General's Department.13. Inspector General's Department.14. Finance Department.15. Judge Advocate General's Department.16. Chaplains.17. Armored Force.18. Tank Destroyer.19. Military Police.

2. When in parentheses numbers indicate the numberof copies to be furnished.

(c) Where a letter is not followed by any numbers, it indi-cates that the pamphlet is distributed to all the headquartersdescribed by that letter. Numbers following a letter indi-cate that the distribution is limited to the headquarters oforganizations of those arms and services identified by thenumbers. Where a cash (-) is used between numbers, itindicates that all the serial numbers between the end numbersare included in the distribution.

(d) The distribution for Air Corps units will be on thefol-lowing basis:

Headquarters, Ai:: Force Combat Command, air forces,and air bases--same distribution as for divisions;

Wings-same as for brigades;Groups-same as for regiments;Squadrons-same as for battalions;Separate flights or detachments-same as for com-

panies.(e) Distribution for medical installations will be on the

following basis:Hospital centerGeneral hospitalMedical Department Same as for divisions.

concentration center

16


Auxiliary surgical hospitalGeneral dispensaryHospital trainMedical laboratory, army or

Same as forcommunications zoneMedical examining unit, aviationMedical laboratory, generalMedical supply depot, army or

communications zoneStation hospital, communications

zone or zone of interior (symbolSH)

25 beds or under as noted for SHunder distribution of manual.

50 beds or under, twice the num-ber noted.

100 beds or under, three times thenumber noted.

200 beds or under, four times thenumber noted.

500 beds or under, five times thenumber noted.

1,000 beds or under, six times the Same as fornumber noted.

2,000 beds or under, ten times thenumber noted.

Surgical hospitalEvacuation hospitalVeterinary station

hospitalVeterinary evacuation

hosiptal~hosiptal (Symbol M).Veterinary general'

hospitalConvalescent campConvalescent hospitalVeterinary convalescent

hospitalAttached medical and veterinary detachments-same

as for companies.

17


(3) Example of symbols.-A pamphlet with distributionsymbols D (8); B 7 (2); R 4, 6, and 7 (10); IR 5 (10); Bn3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 (3); IBn 5 (3); IC 3-7 (10); C 9 (2). Distri-bution in addition to that provided in paragraph 7a asfollows:

(a) D (8).1. Eight copies to the headquarters of all divisions.2. Eight copies to each hospital center, general hospital,

Medical Department Concentration Center.3. Eight copies to the headquarters, Air Force Combat

Command and to each air base headquarters.(b) B 7 (2).

1. Two copies to the headquarters of all infantry brigades.2. Two copies to each of the offices of G-l, G-2, G-3, and

G-4 infantry brigade headquarters.(c) R 4, 6, and 7 (10); IR 5 (10).Ten copies to the headquarters of each coast artillery, field

artillery, and infantry regiment and to each interested engi-neer regiment.

(d) Bn 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 (3); IBn 5 (3).Three copies to the headquarters of each chemical war-

fare, coast artillery, field artillery, infantry, and ordnancebattalion, and to each interested engineer battalion.

(e) IC 3-7 (10); C 9 (2).Ten copies to each interested chemical warfare, coast artil-

lery, engineer, field artillery, and infantry company or simi-lar unit, and two copies to each ordnance company.

b. Field Manuals.-The numbers to be assigned to thepamphlets which have not as yet been numbered in the newseries are shown in parentheses in the first column.

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SECTION IV

TRAINING :FILMS AND FILM STRIPS

U 20. GENERAL.-a. Training films and film strips, supple-mented by illustrations in printed manuals, constitute theprimary visual aids fo:r training the Army. The purpose ofthis section is to describe specifically the visual aid facilitiesfurnished by the War Department, to explain how they areintended to be used and how they are made available for use,in order that all personnel responsible for the conduct andsupervision of training can employ them to the maximumadvantage in accomplishment of the training objective.

b. Training flms.-M-ilitary training films are sound motionpictures produced specifically for use as aids in expediting andstandardizing instruction of the Army. They teach throughthe eye and ear combined and by thus utilizing two of thephysical senses compel interest, and impress a lasting pictureof the lesson or lessons presented.

c. Film strips.-A film strip is a series of still transparenciesportrayed on individual, consecutive frames of a strip of 35-mm motion picture film. Film strips are designed for in-structional purposes in those subjects where no concept ofmotion is involved. Since any individual frame can be heldon the screen as long as desired, film strips are of great valuein enabling the student to check his work with the correctprocedure or technique shown on the screen, or to permit theinstructor to point out and discuss appropriately vital pointsof the discussion.

d. Value as training aids.-When correctly used by trainingagencies, training films and film strips are powerful aids inexpediting and standardizing instruction. They are neitherdesigned for, nor can they be most effective as, the sole meansof class or unit instruction. They are not a substitute forpractical application, but are intended for use by the instruc-tor as instructional aids. Their improper use indicates afailure on the part of training agencies to understand andapply the methods of instruction discussed in section VI,FM 21-5, Military Training.

U 21. PURPOSE OF VISUAL TRAINING Arrs.-a. General.-In theexpansion of the visual aid program the War Department has

88


merely adopted the most advanced and proven instructionalmethods of recognized experts in the teaching profession.Experience has demonstrated that the proper use of visualaids better illustrates the textbook and other conventionalforms of instruction as well as materially shortens the timerequired for the absorption of new information. These con-siderations are of primary importance in a military programwhich has for its objective the welding of large numbers ofuntrained troops into efficient combat units in a minimum oftime. By making available training films and film stripscovering the entire field of military subjects, training agen-cies have been provided with a valuable medium which canassist them in the rapid accomplishment of their trainingmissions. The maximum potential instructional value ofthese aids can never be attained, however, until all personnelcharged with the conduct of training are prepared to considerthe question of their usefulness with an open mind, and utilizethem properly.

b. Classes of training ftlms.-(1) Training filins are de-signed for use in the applicatory system of instruction andordinarily in the explanation and demonstration phases (pars66-67, FM 21-5). They are often invaluable to the instruc-tor in providing for the troops a general orientation to thecourse. During discussion or review they may be also usedto advantage for demonstrating correct procedures and meth-ods or techniques which should have been followed in practice.They are of material assistance to officers in preparing them-selves to give instruction, or to provide a quick review of asubject prior to the conduct of a training inspection.

(2) Since training films are intended for a definite pur-pose and for use at a specific time and place in the trainingprogram they are divided into the following classifications:

(a) Basic.-This type of film presents factual knowledgefor general instruction and is intended for every arm andservice. It is designed to equip enlisted men with basic infor-mation as early as possible in their military careers. Sincethe great majority of these men have acquired the nationalhabit of seeking general information as well as entertainmentin the motion picture theater, this type of film exploits thishabit by incorporating to the fullest extent, human interestfactors based on accepted military doctrine. Examples of

89


this basic type are the films on "Sex Hygiene," "PersonalHygiene," "Military Courtesy and Customs of the Service,"and the "Articles of War."

(b) Mechanical.-Subjects in this class explain the me-chanical functioning or operating characteristics of weapons,mat6riel, and equipment; illustrate the organization or equip-ment of units; and explain physical or chemical phenomenaof military value. Examples of this type of film are thosepertaining to the theory of aerial gunnery, the constructionand operation of various types of motors, the stripping,assembling, and functioning of various ordnance, and organ-ization or equipment.

(c) Technical.-Films of this class illustrate the use ofweapons and equipment, and the actions of an individual ora group in performing an operation or series of operations.Examples are films dealing with the use of various types ofpioneer equipment; tale duties of personnel manning variouscrew-served weapons; and the technique of fire of weapons.

(d) Tactical.--Films of this type illustrate the applicationof basic combat tactics of the different arms and services.The titles of such films are self-explanatory.

* 22. ADVANTAGES OF TRAINING FILMS.-In any training pro-gram the proper use of training films, carefully integratedwith the training schedule, possesses the following advantages:

a. Saving in training time.-(1) Training films concentrateattention on essentials by showing only the significant actionor thing. Interest-diverting factors are eliminated.

(2) They bring demonstrations of tactical exercises orequipment to the troops, thus eliminating the time-consumingfactors of moving troops to demonstration areas.

(3) The same demonstration can be shown repeatedly with-out expending time and labor in setting up facilities or equip-ment for each demonstration. This further contributes toa savings in equipment, material, and transportation.

(4) Instruction in the care, maintenance, and operation ofnew material is often available in training films before thearrival of this equipment in the field, thereby enabling troopsto be better prepared to operate it immediately upon itsdelivery.

b. Improvement in quality of instruction.-(1) Local limi-tations of terrain, highly trained personnel, time, funds, 'or

90


facilities may frequently restrict many organizations in con-ducting demonstrations sufficiently adequate in scope andperfection of detail to meet the objective sought. Regardlessof their location or local limitations, demonstrations are avail-able to all of the field forces by means of training films whichin their production utilize the advantages of carefully coordi-nated and rehearsed service school demonstrations, preparedunder the most favorable conditions of terrain, facilities, andthoroughly trained personnel. Standarization of instructionto widely scattered troops will result.

(2) In the mechanical functioning of weapons or motors,action which is concealed from view by exterior parts, or isso slow or fast that it cannot be observed in its normal opera-tion, is clearly depicted by means of animation or slow motion.

(3) Training films permit all members of an organizationto see and hear simultaneously all phases of an action, whichotherwise could be seen and heard by only a few observersclose to the operation being discussed.

* 23. PREPARATION OF TRAINING FILMS.-The various steps re-quired in the production and release of a training film axesimilar to those involved in the preparation and publicationof a training manual or other form of training literature.Extreme care is exercised in all stages of production in orderto insure accuracy for instructional purposes, as a film per-mits no interpretation or correction by the instructor afterit has been shown to troops. Since retention by the observerof the visual image presented by a film is vastly more com-plete and lasting than the same impression received from thespoken or written word, the standard of performance estab-lished for the observer must approach perfection as closely aspossible. Each film follows the principles of accepted teach-ing method, is designed for showing before a particular audi-ence group, and conforms in all details to approved WarDepartment doctrine or technique.

* 24. PROJECTION FACILITIES.---a. Release prints.-Trainingfilms are released in both 35-mm and 16-mm sizes. Lists ofall training film and film strip subjects which have been re-leased, with a brief outline of their scope, are contained inparagraph 33b, c, and d below. Lists of subjects releasedbetween successive revisions of this manual are published in

91


War Department Training Circulars and incorporated in thesucceeding revision.

b. Motion picture prrojectors.-(1) Two types of sound mo-tion picture projection equipment are now in use in the Army.One type is the large, 35-mm, regular theater-size projectorwhich is installed in all theaters operated by the U. S. ArmyMotion Picture Service. At posts where U. S. Army motionpicture theaters are in operation the 35-mm equipment isavailable for the projection of training films at such timesas will not conflict with regularly scheduled showings of theU. S. Army Motion Picture Service. (Par. 7e, AR 210-390.)

(2) The second type of projection equipment availableis the portable 16-mm sound projector. This equipment issuitable for the projection of films before groups of the sizeof a company or similar organization, and can be used in anyrecreation room, mess hall, or other location capable of beingdarkened and provided with a convenient power outlet.While projectors are now shipped on the basis of one perregiment, War Department Tables of Basic Allowances arebeing revised to provide for a distribution of one per battalion,for training purposes only.

c. Film strip projectors.-Film strip projectors, have beenprovided on the basis of one per battalion or similar organ-ization. The portability of this equipment likewise enablesit to be rotated among the companies of the battalion andused in any location equipped with a suitable power outlet.Unlike the motion picture projectors, however, the lightsource of the film strip projector is of sufficient magnitudeas not to require a darkened room. Film strips may be pro-jected upon the outer walls of buildings which are not inthe direct rays of the sun.

d. Operation of projectors.-The projection equipmentfurnished by the War Department for training purposes isrugged, durable, and easy to operate. Observance of thefollowing simple rules will result in improved projectionqualities and reduced maintenance problems:

(1) Follow carefully the instructions accompanying pro-jection equipment in regard to threading of the film andadjustment of the equipment.

(2) Protect from excessive moisture.

92


(3) Oil projection equipment when necessary but do notget oil on the film.

(4) Keep sprocket teeth, aperture plates, and lenses freeof dirt.

(5) Keep loose ends of film off the floor and keep filmclean.

(6) Film can be cleaned of dirt and grease with a soft,clean cloth. This cloth can be saturated with carbon tetra-chloride if it is desired to clean thoroughly the film of oiland grease. This must be done while winding the film slowlyacross a pair of rewinders and allowing the tetrachloride toevaporate before it reaches the take-up reel. Adequateventilation should be provided during this process.

(7) In repairing sound film, in the areas where no modu-lation of the sound track occurs, several picture frames maybe removed without seriously affecting the picture. When-ever modulation of the sound track occurs, two or threeframes may generally be removed without seriously affectingthe resultant sound. Removal of any considerable length willgenerally cause the loss of complete words or mar theirintelligibility. Wherever this occurs, a report will be madeto the office from which the film was obtained so that thenecessary reprints can be made.

(8) Motion picture projectors cannot be run backward orstopped to permit projection of individual frames of film.Proper reproduction of sound necessitates a uniform filmspeed of 90 feet per minute for 35-mm films and 36 feet perminute for 16-mm films.

* 25. STORAGE OF FILMS.--a. For instructions governing stor-age of nitrocellulose films, see AR 850-65. Nitrocellulose(nitrate) film is highly inflammable and must be affordedfireproof storage.

b. Cellulose acetate (safety) film ignites and burns approx-imately the same as ordinary newspaper. Storage condi-tions considered satisfactory for ordinary newspaper areusually satisfactory for cellulose acetate film.

c. In most instances the film manufacturer indicates onthe film whether the film is nitrate or safety. If no designa-tion can be found, the following test is recommended:

Place a small piece of film in a spoon and heat the spoonwith a candle. If the film ignites with a "pop" and combus-

443390'-42 7 93


tion is completed immediately, the film is cellulose nitrate.If the film smolders slowly and burns quietly for a fewseconds, the film is cellulose acetate.

d. All 16-mm films are on safety base and are subject tothe same storage regulations as 35-mm safety film. All35-mm release prints made subsequent to 1940 are on safetybases.

* 26. RULES FOR USE OF 35-MM FILMS.--The following in-structions will govern in connection with the use of standardor 35-mm films:

a. A qualified operator only will be permitted to operatethe projector.

b. Nitrate films are highly inflammable or even explosiveunder certain conditions; therefore, they must not be ex-posed to excessive heat or to fire hazards such as furnaces,stoves, open flame, heating pipes, or to the projector light'beam except while the projector is running. Safety films,although not as highly inflammable as nitrate, should behandled with similar precaution during projection.

c. Smoking will not be permitted in the projection boothor elsewhere near the films.

d. While threading up the projector and at all other timeswhen the film breaks or stops moving across the aperture,the douser on the lamphouse will be closed.

e. Magazine doors and the door to the projector head willbe closed before starting the machine.

f. In case the film catches fire in the projection head, stopthe machine.DO NOT OPEN MA4GAZINE DOORS. LEAVE IMMEDI-

ATELY.g. A chemical fire extinguisher and a bucket of sand will

always be kept in the projection booth for emergency use.h. In the standard or 35-mm size, either silent or sound

films can be run through either the silent or sound type ofprojector without physical damage to the film.

* 27. RULEs FOR USE OF 16-Mn FILMs.-a. The substandard or16-mm films are all of the slow-burning or "safety" base typeand consequently are not hazardous to handle in projection.

b. They will be protected from excessive heat.c. The 16-mm sound film subjects are on single sprocket

hole type film with the sound track occupying the area':

94


normally occupied by the second row of sprocket holes inthe silent type film. On the silent type projector 16-mmsound film subjects cannot be run. They can be used onlyon the sound type equipment.

d. Silent type subjects in 16-mm size can be run through16-mm sound projectors without damage.

e. Sound pictures necessitate a 50-percent increase in pro-jection speed over the silent type. Most 16-mm sound filmprojectors provide for two speeds:

(1) Sound picture speed.(2) Silent picture speed.

Satisfactory sound cannot be obtained by running sound filmsat silent film speed.

f. During outside operation of 16-mm motion-picture equip-ment, many insects are attracted to the strong light of theprojector as the film is unwound from one reel and woundon to the other reel. Insects attach themselves to the filmand are wound on the reel. Chemical reaction resulting fromthe decomposition of the insects which have been woundon the film often injures the film and in some cases the filmis ruined. In order to avoid this during operation of 16-mmprojection equipment out-of-doors, an electric fan should beoperated continuously upon the projector and upon the reelon which the film is wound after the film is run through theprojector.

* 28. DISTRIBUTION OF TRAINING FniMs.-a. General.-Train-ing films have been made available to all training agencies bymeans of a library system of distribution and circulation, de-signed to insure a flexible and economical use of these facili-ties consistent with a wide variety of training needs. Inorder that the maximum benefits may be obtained from aproper integration of training film subjects in the trainingprogram, a knowledge of the availability of training filmlibraries, and the manner in which subjects may be obtainedtherefrom, is essential for all personnel charged with the con-duct of training.

b. Film libraries.-(1) A central distribution library fortraining films is maintained at each corps area headquartersand oversea department. This library is stocked with alltraining film subjects released by the War Department aslisted in paragraph 33 below and successive editions of this

95


manual. The central distribution library provides a train-ing film distribution service, on a temporary loan basis, toall organizations within the corps area or department.Requests from posts or separate organizations to which asub-library is not available (see (2) below) will be addressedto the corps area commander specifying whether a 35-mmor 16-mm size is required (see pars. 19 and 20, AR 105-260).

(2) Training film sub-libraries are established at majortroop concentrations, including divisional camps and replace-ment training centers, within the continental United States,and at oversea bases. The purpose of the sub-library is tohave immediately available for the troops served therefromthe subjects for which there is a relatively constant trainingneed. Other subjects for which there is only an occasionalor infrequent need are obtained from the central distributionlibrary on a temporary loan basis by timely requests to thecorps area commander. The initial stockage of these sub-libraries by the War Department is based on the recommenda-tions of chiefs of arms and services concerned, afterconsideration of the training objectives of the troops sta-tioned at these locations. Subjects not initially stocked atsub-libraries, and for which a continuing training need sub-sequently develops, may be obtained for permanent retentionby the sub-library upon request to the Chief Signal Officer.Subjects initially stocked and which are subsequently foundato be needed rarely, or not at all, should be promptly reportedto the Chief Signal Officer in order that they may be madeavailable elsewhere. Separate or small organizations locatedin close proximity to sub-libraries, but not a component of themajor troop concentration served therefrom, may obtaintraining film subjects on a temporary loan basis upon applica-tion to the most convenient sub-library.

(3) Auxiliary libraries under the control of local sub-libraries, are established at posts where schools are situated,or where circumstances make advisable. The auxiliary libra-ries so established are provided with training films inaccordance with their needs by the local sub-library. '

(4) Reception center libraries are established at eachreception center for their exclusive use. These libraries arestocked with prints of those basic training subjects which yfierequired by War Department instructions to be shown to

96


personnel passing through the reception center. These sub-jects are-

(a) TF 8-154 Sex HygieneTF 8-155 Personal HygieneTF 11-157 Military Courtesy and Customs of the

ServiceTF 11-235 Articles of War

(b) Provided the interim between their processing andforwarding to units or installations to which assigned permits,all personnel passing through reception centers will alsoattend a showing of the following basic subjects:

TF 8- 33 First Aid, Parts I-IIITF 8-150 First Aid, Part IV. Injuries and AccidentsTF 7-248 Instruction of the Soldier, Dismounted,

Without Arms, Positions and Facings(5) The procedure for the distribution of training films

described in the preceding subparagraphs applies to all ele-ments of the United States Army except the Army Air Forces.The method of distribution for those forces is described inA. A. F. Regulations No. 65-4.

* 29. DISTRIBUTION OF FILM STRIPS.-The initial distributionof film strips is made by the War Department directly toorganizations upon recommendation of the chiefs of thearms and services. Subsequent distribution is made by theChief Signal Officer upon direct request of the organizationor installation desiring them.

* 30. USE OF TRAINING FILMS.-a. General.-Two require-ments are fundamental in the use of visual training aids ifthey are to accomplish the results of which they are poten-tially capable. The first requirement is a local, centralizedresponsibility for the physical control of projection equip-ment and films. The second is a clear understanding on thepart of all instructor personnel of what visual instruction isand how visual aids should be utilized in unit training.

b. Equipment and facilities.-Training films, film strips,and the equipment required for projecting them are facilitiesprovided specifically for training purposes. Their use mustbe coordinated by the local commanding officer in the samemanner as other limited training facilities, such as rifleranges, to insure that each unit of his command may have

97


its necessary share of time for use in training (par. 19, FM21-5). While the local signal property officer is accountablefor projection equipment and films, property responsibility is-a function of the training section of the local commander'sstaff to insure the constant availability of this equipment,for training purposes. A suggested organization for properlyutilizing visual aids in a combat division, and the scope of itsfunctions is outlined below. This functional operation may!be modified to conform to any unit or training installation.

(1) A designated officer in the operations and trainingdivision or section will be responsible for visual aid trainingin the division.

(2) This officer will have property responsibility for allprojection equipment furnished the division and coordinateits use among the subordinate units of the division to insurethat the maximum benefit is obtained from it. He willarrange with the local sub-library serving his division forprints of training films required in the division.

(3) He will maintain an up-to-date catalog of all filmsin the sub-library serving the division with a synopsis oftheir scope and running time and the number of prints ofeach subject.

(4) He will maintain a booking schedule to provide for theuse of films within the division which will enable him tofill and adjust timely requests for films to be included insubordinate training schedules.

(5) Upon arrival of new films in the sub-library he willarrange for an early showing to all subordinate operationsand training officers so that they may be promptly informedof the availability of new material.

(6) He will continually check on the use being made oftraining films by subordinate units in the division to see thatall training agencies are familiar with the subjects in thefilm library and the scope of each; that these subjects areintegrated in the training schedules at the proper time, andare being presented in accordance with proper instructionalmethod. By his thorough knowledge of all phases of thetraining program, he will assist subordinate training agenciesin obtaining the maximum benefits of these facilities.

c. Use by instructors.-The value of training films and filmstrips as training aids in enabling instructors to accomplish

98


their training mission is in direct proportion to the effectiveutilization of these aids by instructors in their conduct oftraining. This implies a clear understanding on the partof personnel charged with training of what visual instructionis and its capabilities and limitations. Training films arenot automatic teachers which take the place of the instructor.Because a thing or subject is observable it is not necessarilyobserved. While much can be learned from simply seeingand listening to films, full advantage is not taken of theirpotentialities as training aids if the instructor does nothingmore than screen them. The following procedure is sug-gested for all training echelons in obtaining the maximumeffectiveness from the use of training films and film strips:

(1) In formulating the training program, the operationsand training officer will include as text references trainingfilms and film strips pertinent to the scope of training pre-scribed for each subject. This requires a familiarity withthe material available in the local film library in b(5) aboveas well as a knowledge of subjects contained in paragraph 33below. Since the existing state of training varies so widely indifferent organizations, the operations and training officerwill preview all training films or film strips in the same man-ner that he reviews a training manual or other form of liter-ature, to insure that the visual aids he includes in hisprogram are applicable to the particular training mission ineach subject.

(2) In the same manner that he anticipates the need forother limited training facilities and makes timely provisionfor their availability when needed by subordinate echelons,the operations and training officer will coordinate the use ofthe limited amount of projection equipment allotted theregiment.

(3) Before preparing his detailed schedule the company orsimilar unit commander will preview the training films andfilm strips cited as text references to determine at whatperiod in the instruction a particular film will be most useful.In-certain films having several parts, only that part havingparticular reference to the specific phase of the subject thenbeing taught should be shown. Certain films deal with gen-eral principles and activities in a given situation. Othersshow in detail how some particular operation is carried out.

99


The first would be more suited to giving a general orientationat the beginning of a course of instruction, or for review pur-poses at the completion of the course. The second would givebest results at a defirnite point in the course after the generalprinciples have been assimilated. Only a preview of avail-able films will determine whether or not they are applicable,and where, in the schedule, they can be used most profitably.

(4) The instructor designated in the training schedule toconduct training in a specific subject must coordinate allavailable material in his lesson planning (see pars. 88-92,FM 21-5). This requires a preview of the film or film stripsto be used; since a krowledge of their content on the part ofthe instructor, is as equally essential as his knowledge oftexts or any other material used in the presentation of thesubject. Failure on the part of any instructor to familiarizehimself thoroughly with the content of a film prior to itsscreening will result in his inability to discuss the pertinentpoints illustrated, cause embarrassment to the instructorand waste valuable training time.

(5) With 16-mm projection equipment, audiences shouldbe limited to groups not exceeding a company in size; andpreferably to a platoon. If larger groups are present thescreen image is not sufficiently bright to permit the personnelin rear to see it without eye strain and with resulting loss ofinterest. Certain types of basic films such as "Sex Hygiene"and "Articles of War" can well be shown in War Departmenttheaters before large audiences.

(6) Ordinarily screenings should not exceed 30 minutesin length with films on not more than one subject shown ineach half day of instruction.

(7) The mechanism of instruction as described in para-graph 64, FM 21-5 should be followed whenever training filmsand film strips are used. The instructor should preface theshowing of the film or film strip by a brief explanation of theobject or scope of the film and the essential points whichshould be looked for by the audience. The screening of thefilm provides the demonstration phase. Whenever possiblethe object or equipment being shown on the screen should bepresent in the classroom. This is especially desirable wherefilm strips are used to describe equipment or illustrate amanual operation, as it enables the student to check his work

100


with correct procedure on the screen as explained by theinstructor. If it is impracticable to bring larger items ofmat6riel into the classroom, the class should be taken tothem immediately following the screening in order that theymay inspect or operate the object itself and crystallize thescreen presentation while it is still fresh in their minds. Thisconstitutes the application phase.

(8) Following the screening of each film, a brief examina-tion should be conducted by the instructor for the purpose ofreviewing the essential points of the subject and impressingthem on the minds of the students. This examination maybe oral or written but the questions should be carefully pre-pared, confined to the content of the film and designed todetermine the student's understanding of the material pre-sented. Appendix I gives a suggested technique with ques-tion and answer form, for conducting an examination. Aninformal summation conducted by the instructor should fol-low the examination to clarify important points of the subject.

* 31. ERRORS IN USE OF VISUAL TRAINING AIDS.-As the resultof surveys conducted by the War Department the followingmore common errors have been noted in the use of trainingfilms by various training agencies:

a. Failure to integrate appropriate training films at theproper time in the training schedule. Since each trainingfilm is intended for instruction in a specific subject it canhave little instructional value if it is not used at the timetroops are receiving instruction in that subject.

b. Use of training films as fillers-in for rainy day or inclem-ent weather instruction. This results from an inadequate orimproper training plan. Responsible commanders must in-sure that units do not use films in this manner.

c. Failure of instructors to apply correct instructionalmethods as prescribed in section VI, FM 21-5. This hasresulted in-

(1) Marching troops to a theater or projection room andshowing them a film without explanation as to what theyare to see and why they are to see it.

(2) Failure of the instructor to insure that classroom facil-ities, especially ventilation, are adequate. (See par. 85, FM21-5.)

101


(3) A complete absence of any discussion following thefilm, or check to determine whether the audience has ab-sorbed the subject matter.

(4) The consecutive showing of a number of unrelatedfilms without interruption.

(5) Showing of films to audiences so large in size that theinstructor is unable to exercise proper supervision. This re-sults in loss of control by the instructor and loss of interestby the audience (see pEs. 30c(5) above).

(6) Lack of knowledge or preparation by the instructor,resulting from his failure to preview the training film or filmstrip prior to screening.

(7) Insufficient and ineffective supervision by higher com-.manders of the use of training films and prompt remedialaction to eliminate indifference or incorrect methods.

* 32. ASSISTANCE TO TRAINING AGENCIES.-A visual aid sec-tion composed of experts in visual education is being estab-lished in the War Department under the supervision of theChief Signal Officer. Personnel from this section will makeperiodic visits to the field for the purpose of inspecting pro-jection equipment and library facilities. This personnel alsowill be available to training agencies for consultation andrecommendation relative to the local utilization of visualtraining aids. All training agencies are encouraged to availthemselves of the experience of this personnel during theirvisits of inspection with a view to obtaining their suggestionsas to how the maximum benefits may be attained from visualaids in military training.

* 33. LISTS OF TRAINING FILMS AND FILM STRIPS.-a. Gen-eral.-The lists below Show the training films and film stripspublished to date by number, title, and year of release, to-gether with a brief synopsis of their content.

b. Sound training fl/ms.-(1) All subjects are available inthe standard 35-mm size and those available also in 16-mmsize are so. indicated after. the title. Silent 16-mm films canbe run on 16-mm sound projectors without damage to thefilm; but sound 16-mm films CANNOT be run on silent16-mm projectors without destroying the film.

(2) All films not permanently stocked at sub-libraries orauxiliary libraries may be obtained by application to corps

102


area central distribution libraries. (See par. 28b(2) aboveand par. 19, AR 105-260.)

(3) Numbers indicate the branch primarily responsiblefor the preparation of the subject matter (see par. 3) andthe Signal Corps serial number of the film.

(4) Subjects applicable to more than one arm or serviceare indicated by an asterisk (*).

(5) Subjects under preparation and whose release had notbeen completed on date of publication of this manual areindicated by a dagger (t). The release of these subjects isexpected on or before April 1, 1942. The number of reelsand running time of each subject are shown on the filmcontainer.

c. Silent training ftlms.--(1) Silent training films are nolonger being produced but a limited number are still incirculation. These are being withdrawn as rapidly as theycan be revised and replaced by sound films. These filmsare not stocked in sub-libraries but may be obtained fortemporary loan by application to corps area commanders.All subjects are available in the standard 35-mm size, andthose available also in 16-mm size are so indicated afterthe title. Silent 16-mm films can be run on 16-mm soundprojectors without damage to the film.

(2) See b(3) and (4) above.

103


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d. Film Strips.-(l) Where matter contained in the filmstrip is not self-explanatory, brief notes accompany thestrip (see par. 29, AR 105-260). Organizations may requi-sition film strips direct from the Chief Signal Officer. Thereis no property accountability for film strips.

(2) See b(3) and (4) above.Air Corps.

FS 1-1. Summary of Flight Rules.Illustrates various situations that arise

when flying the airways and proper procedureto comply with Department of CommerceRegulations. In general, covers all the rulesas prescribed in Part I, Manual No. 60, CivilAir Regulations, as approved by the CivilAeronautics Board.-No notes.

1-2. Airport Traffic Control.Illustrates various situations that arise


1-3. Airway Traffic Control.Illustrates various situations that arise


*1-4. Machine Tools, Part I, The Lathe.Covers nomenclature, practical use, and

operation.-No notes.*1-5. Machine Tools, Part II, The Milling Machine.

Covers nomenclature, practical use, andoperation.-No notes.

'1-6. Machine Tools, Part III, Planers.Covers nomenclature, practical use, and

operation.-No notes.'1-7. Machine Tools, Part IV, The Shaper.

156


Covers nomenclature, practical use, andoperation.-No notes.

PS 1-8. Aerodynamics.This film strip treats of the motion of air

and the force it exerts upon solids movingthrough the air. It demonstrates how tur-bulence and skin friction oppose useful dy-namic reaction.-No notes.

1-9. Aircraft Engine Repairs.-Classification ofEngine Types.

In this strip the engines are classified as totype, in line, V type, double V type, the X type,opposed or flat type, the radial type and cubicinch displacement. The engine units such asthe cylinders, pistons, crankshafts, etc., aredescribed. Some suggestions as to the factorymethods of numbering cylinders are shown.(Reference, pars. 9-17, TM 1-405.)--No notes.

1-10. Introduction to Airplane Structures.In this strip the Air Corps designation of

airplanes is made. Types, models, and seriesare indicated. The principal structural unitsare illustrated. Emphasis is placed upon no-menclature of airplane structures. Attention isgiven to markings and insignia. (Reference,pars. 1-4, TM 1-410.)-No notes.

1-12. Using an Aircraft Machine Gun.This film strip will show the nomenclature

and operation of the cal. .30 and cal. .50 aircraftmachine gun, and will picture the synchroniza-tion of these guns with the propeller. Sceneswill show the P35, P38, P39, and P43 equippedwith the armament. Armament installationsand correct methods of firing from differentpositions will be included.-No notes.

*1-14. Browning Aircraft Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M2,Functioning of Parts During Recoil andCounterrecoil.

This film strip will show the operation of theextractor assembly during recoil and counter-

443390'--42 -11 157


recoil , tlhe functioning of the breech lock, firingmechanism, firing pin, belt feeding mechanism,face of the bolt, and operation of the frontbarrel bearing assembly.-No notes.

*FS 1-15. Principles ofInternal Combustion Engines.The operation of the 4-cycle aircraft engine

is shown by photographs of cutaway sectionsand diagrams. The basic principles are illus-trated by common analogy.-No notes.

1-16. Structural Units of the Airplane.In this strip, illustrations dealing with the

fuselage, the engine mount, the wings, thestabilizer, cowling, and fairing are shown. Theinternal construction of the various structuralunits are illustrated with cutaway sectionviews. Where possible, types of constructionare shown.-No notes.

1-17. Aircraft; Storage Batteries.This strip illustrates the types of batteries

used on the airplane and their operating prin-ciples. The battery is carefully described asto container, plates, separators, electrotype,vent system, and terminals. Charging meth-ods are also illustrated. Methods of testingbatteries in the feld are described.-No notes.

1-18. Synchronization of Aircraft-Part I-Princi-ples of Synchronization.

This film strip describes methods in syn-chronizing aircraft machine guns on airplanes.It shows a gun synchronizer, trigger motor,tube and wire assembly which connects thetwo, and the control unit which enables thepilot to fire at will. The relationship of thefour units is pictured and the principles areillustrated.-No notes.

1-20. Enlarging Aerial Negatives.This shows how enlarging, reducing, and

restitution of aerial negatives are accomplishedwith the Air Corps project printer, TypeB-9.-No notes.

158


Cavalry.FS 2-1. Care of Animals.

Subject matter deals with elementary hip-pology, feeding, grooming, features in preser-vation of horseflesh during service in the field,procedure in care after long periods, of stren-uous effort (marches, etc.), animal records,and details in connection with the diagnosisand treatment of ordinary ailments.--Notes.

2-2. Army of the United States.Command-staff, administrative establish-

ment from commander in chief to combatdivision.-Notes.

2-3. Cavalry Organizations, Cavalry Regiment,Horse.

Organization of the cavalry regiment, horse,diagrammed down to and including the rifleand light machine-gun squads. Basis WD,T/O 2-11, 2-15, 2-17, and 2-18, dated Novem-ber-1, 1940.-No notes.

Chemical Warfare Service.*3-1. Defense Against Chemical Attack-Chemical

Agents and First Aid.Characteristics of chemical agents, how to

recognize the various agents, and first-aidtreatment of gas casualties.-Notes.

*3-2. Effects of Weather, Terrain, Weapons, andTactics.

General effect of weather and terrain on theemployment of chemical agents; characteris-tics of chemical weapons and ammunition;basic principles covering the tactical employ-ment of chemical agents.-Notes.

*3-3. Protection and Protective Equipment.Individual and collective protection devices

including masks, canisters, protective cloth-ing, decontamination materials and equip-ment, protective shelters, etc.-Notes.

*3-4. Nomenclature and Air Flow System of theStandard Service Gas Mask.

Detailed nomenclature of the gas mask andpassage of air through the mask.-Notes.

159

33 LIST OF 'UBLICATIONS FOR TRAINING

*FS 3-5. Ndmericlature and Air Flow System of theSt'andard Training Gas Mask.

The detailed nomenclature of the standardtraining gas mask and the passage of airthrough the mask.-Notes.

3-6. Nomenclature and Parts of Miscellaneous GasMasks.

Covers the nomenclature of miscellaneousmilitary masks and respirators.-Notes.

*3-7. Principles of Gasproofing for Shelters.Covers the two general types of gasproof

shelters (ventilated and unventilated) withnotes on the improvisation of them.-Notes.

*3-8. Nomenclature and Air Flow System, The HorseGas Mask, M4 and M5.

Comprises nomenclature for structural dif-ferences, their components, parts, their usewith equipment, the air flow system and pack-ing of the horse gas masks, M4 and M5.-Note;s.

3-14. The Portable Chemical Cylinder.This film strip covers the following sub-

jects: Nomenclature and assembly and instruc-tions for wiring for electrical firing of theportable chemical cylinder; packing and ship-ping; cleaning, testing, and drying; and fillingand charging of the cylinder.-Notes.

Coast Artillery Corps.*4-1. Characteristics of Naval Targets.

This film strip, containing 77 frames, brieflysurveys the types of naval vessels to be foundin the principal navies of the world. Specialemphasis has been placed on identification.Representative views of the various types ofvessels are shown together with pertinent dataas to displacement and armament. The ac-companying notes contain much detailed in-formation which cannot readily be shown onthe various frames.-Notes.

160


*FS 4-2. Identification of Aircraft.This film strip, containing 61 frames, deals

briefly with identification by sound, markings,structure, and silhouettes. It shows tacticalformations. It presents views of the varioustypes of aircraft now in use in the principalair forces of the world. The accompanyingnotes contain data that cannot readily beshown on the frames. They also contain theInternational Marking System for aircraft.-Notes.

4-3. Antiaircraft Artillery Guns and Accessories.This film strip, containing 92 frames, is

confined to antiaircraft artillery gun material.Fire-control equipment is not included. Thefilm strip traces the historical developmentof antiaircraft artillery guns. It deals insome detail with the 3-inch, 105-mm, and90-mm antiaircraft guns. It covers construc-tion, nomenclature, and emplacement of theguns. The accompanying notes containmany details that cannot be shown on theframes.-Notes.

4-4. Automatic Weapons, Antiaircraft.This film strip, containing 65 frames, deals

in some detail with the construction and op-eration- of the caliber .50 machine gun, M2,and the 37-mm AA gun, M1Al. It also coversthe fire-control system used in the operationof these weapons. The accompanying notescontain many details that cannot be shownon the frames.-Notes.

4-5. Searchlight Equipment, Antiaircraft.This film strip, containing 29 frames, deals

in some detail with searchlights, sound loca-tors, and control stations. It covers the con-struction and operation of the equipment. Italso deals briefly with power plants andsearchlight trucks. The accompanying notescontain many details that cannot be shownon the frames.-Notes.

161


PS 4-6. Seacoast Artillery Weapons and Materiel-Part One.

Covers classification; construction; supports;carriages and mounts; recoil and counterrecoilmechanisms: and elevating and traversingmechanisms.-Notes.

4-7. Seacoast Artillery Weapons and Materiel-Part Two.

Covers obturation; breechblocks; firingmechanisms; and loading mechanisms.-Notes.

4-8. Seacoast Artillery Weapons and Mat6riel-Part Three.

Covers sights; guns, fixed and mobile; sub-caliber guns and tubes; and seacoast search-lights.-Notes.

Corps of Engineers.*5-1. Map Reading.

Conventional symbols, types of maps andscales, location of points, military grid, azi-muths, orientation, resection, intersection,elevation, relief, contours, military features ofterrain.-Notes.

*5-2. Aerial Photograph Reading.Comparison of vertical and oblique views,

5 and 9 lens composites, mosaics, orientation,interpretation, scales, errors and distortions,stereoscopic vision.-Notes.

*5-3. Camouflage.Examples of World War practice and com-

mon errors. Elements of modern practice.Primarily for ROTC instruction.-Notes.

5-5. Portable Bridges.The H-10 and H-20 steel truss bridges-

Notes.*5-6. Obstacles.

Examples of World War practice. Modernwire obstacles and methods. Antimechanizedobstacles of wire, ditches, logs, posts, rails,mines, blocks.-Notes.

162


*FS 5-7. Demolitions.Examples of World War demolitions. Mod-

ern equipment and procedure.-Notes.5-8. Assault Boats and Footbridges.-Notes.5-9. Ponton Bridges.

Examples of World War bridges. Modernequipment and procedure.-Notes.

5-10. Present Day Camouflage.:': Special film strip for special course to be

conducted at Ft. Belvoir, Va., for intelligenceofficers.-Notes.

*5-12. Military Water Supply Procurement.World War installations. Modern equip-

ment, mobile plant, portable unit.-No notes.5-13. Military Water Supply-Purification.

World War installations. Modern equip-ment, mobile plant, portable unit.-NQtes.

Field Artillery.6-1. Field Artillery Wire Communication.

Telephones and Switchboards.-Notes.6-2. Field Artillery Wire Communication.

Telegraphy-simplex and phantom circuits.Wire installations and maintenance. Fieldartillery wire systems.-Notes.

6-3. Field Artillery Firing, Preparation of Fire.Determination of data with instruments and

from maps. Use of plotting equipment. Res-titution from air photos. Schedule fires.MDC. Survey procedure.-Notes.

6-4. Field Artillery Firing-Conduct of Fire, Part I.Axial precision and bracket, and sensing.-

No notes.6-5. Field Artillery Firing-Conduct of fire, Part II.

Lateral precision and bracket-large andsmall T.-No notes.

6-6. Field Artillery Firing-Conduct of Fire, PartIII.

Air Observation and liaison methods.-Nonotes.

163


FS 6-7. Field Artillery, Elementary Gunnery.Interior and exterior ballistics, dispersion,

effect of projectiles, and elementary firing.-Notes.

6-8. Field Artillery Weapons.Cannon now in the service, showing their

development and modification since 1918.-Notes.

6-9. Field Artillery Prime Movers and Vehicles.The vehicles shown include reconnaissance

vehicles, trailers, wire carrying and layingvehicles, and ammunition carriers.-Notes.

Injantry.*7-1. The United States Rifle, Cal. .30, M1, Part I,

Mechanical Training, Care and Cleaning,Functioning.

This film strip shows the characteristics ofthe M1 rifle, disassembling into groups, am-munition, care and cleaning, and charts andpictures the function of the piece.-No notes.

*7-2. The United States Rifle, Cal. .30, Ml, Part II,Mechanical Training, Stoppages and Im-mediate Action, Service of the Piece.

Shows by charts the causes and correctionsof malfunctions, and by captioned pictures thesteps of immediate action, loading and un-loading, and safety precautions.-No notes.

*7-3. The United States Rifle, Cal. .30, M1, Part III,Marksmanship.

Shows by pictures and charts preparatorymarksmanship training, 1,000-inch range prac-tice, and known distance range practice,including the sight picture, triangles, use ofthe sling, positions, sandbag rest, coach andpupil method, skirmish run, range and windageadjustments, windage clock and rule targets,score sheet, ranges and antiaircraft firing.-No notes.

*7-4. Hand Grenades.Shows the general types, construction of

each type, the throw from standing, kneeling,

164


and prorie positions, throwing range, courts,coach and pupil method, the score card, andsafety precautions.-No notes.

*FS 7-5. The United States Rifle, Cal. .30, Model 1903,Part I, Description, Disassembling, Assem-bling, Care and Cleaning.

Shows the general characteristics, disas-sembling, assembling, and care and cleaningof the 1903 rifle.-No notes.

*7-6. The United States Rifle, Cal. .30, Model 1903,Part II, Functioning, Individual SafetyPrecautions.

Shows the operations of loading the maga-zine and chamber, extraction of the emptycase, unloading, the use of the cut-off, safetylock, and cocking piece, and safety precau-tions.-No notes.

*7-7. Infantry Weapons and Their Characteristics,Individual Weapons.

Pictures, gives characteristics and use ofthe following individual weapons: U. S. Rifle,Cal. .30, M1; U. S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903; U. S.Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903A1; U. S. Rifle, Cal. .22,M1922M1; Bayonet, M1905; Browning Auto-matic Rifle, Cal. .30, M1918; Browning Auto-matic Rifle, Cal. .30, M1918A1; BrowningAutomatic Rifle, Cal. .30, M1918A2; AutomaticPistol, Cal. .45, M1911; Automatic Pistol, Cal..45, M1911A1; Hand Grenade, Mk II; HandGrenade, CN-DM M6; Hand Grenade, CNM7.-No notes.

*7-8. Infantry Weapons and Their Characteristics,Crew-served Weapons.

Pictures, gives characteristics and use ofthe following crew-served weapons: BrowningMachine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917; BrowningMachine Gun, Cal. .30, M1919A4; BrowningMachine Gun, Cal. .50; 37-mm Gun, M1916;37-mm Antitank Gun, M3; 60-mm Mortar,M2; 81-mm Mortar, M1.-No notes.

165

33 LIST OF' PUBLICATIONS FOR TRAINING

*FS 7-9. Infantry Signals, Part I. Whistle Signals,General Arm-and-hand Signals.

Describes whistle signals, and shows pic-torially general hand-and-arm signals suchas forward, halt, commence firing, and ceasefiring used by all infantry units.-No notes.

*7-10. Infantry Signals, Part II. Signals for Crew-served Weapons.

Shows pictorially hand-and-arm signalssuch as action, elevate, and off carts applicableto crew-served weapons of the infantry.-Nonotes.

*7-11. The 60-mm Mortar, M2, Part I. Organization,Description, Disassembling, Assembling,Care and Cleaning.

Shows the characteristics, employment,principal parts, and care of the 60-mmmortar.-No notes.

'7-12. The 60-mm Mortar, M2, Part II. SightingEquipment, Instruments, Ammunition,Safety Precautions, and Misfires.

Shows aiming stakes, details of the M4sight; field glass, type EE, lensatic compass,modified prismatic type; ammunition types,shell markings, shell container, ballistic data,the propelling charge, cotter ring and pin;safety precautions and misfires, includingmethod of removing shell.-No notes.

*7-13. The 60-mm Mortar, M2, Part III. PlacingMortar In Action.

Shows methods of transportation, handcarrying of equipment, and training in dutiesof each man. A squad is shown mounting themortar, firing, removing a misfire, and finallygoing out of action. The method of mountingon steep slopes is also shown.-No notes.

7-14. Manual of the Saber.Shows how and when each movement of

the saber manual is executed. The draw,carry, present, order, parade rest, port saber,

166


use of the saber knot, and return saber areexplained.-No notes.

*FS 7-15. The 60-mm Mortar, M2, Part IV. Marks-manship.

Shows a method of instruction 'and the ex-ecution by the mortar crew, using exercisesoutlined in FM 23-85. Covers sight setting,laying for direction, laying for elevation, useof the range table, establishing direction offire, loading, range estimation, fire orders,sensing, conduct of fire, preparation and use ofrange cards, and use of a progress chart.-Nonotes.

*7-16. The Automatic Pistol, Cal. .45, Models 1911,1911A1, Part I. Mechanical Training,Description, Nomenclature, Ammunition.(FM 23-35.)

Shows by pictures and drawings the mech-anism; principal parts, magazine, and cleaningequipment of the pistol; and the construction,packing, and ballistics of the ball cartridge.-No notes.

'7-17. The Automatic Pistol, Cal. .45, Models 1911,1911A1, Part II. Disassembling, Assem-bling, Care and Cleaning. (FM 23-35.)

Shows disassembly sufficient for ordinaryfield cleaning, complete disassembly and as-sembly of the piece and magazine, and careand cleaning, in garrison, after firing, and incombat.-No notes.

7-23. Manual of the Guidon. (FM 22-5.)Shows the design, display, and manual of

the guidon. The order, carry, facings, rests,present, salute, double time, and position ofguidon bearer in formation are explained.-No notes.

7-24. 81-mm Mortar, M1, Part I. MechanicalTraining, Description, Mounting, Dis-mounting, Care and Cleaning. (FM23-90.)

167


Shows characteristics, data, and nomencla-ture of the 81-mm mortar and ammuni-tion. Pictures disassembling, assembling;the steps of mounting and dismounting, es-tablishing direction, placing base plate,actions of No. 1 and No. 2; and care andcleaning, after firing and in case of a gasattack.-No notes.

PS 7-25. The 81-mm Mortar, Part II.Shows the M4 sight in detail, giving the

nomenclature, operation, mounting, use inlaying in elevation and deflection, dismount-ing, the sight case, care and cleaning; coversthe use of the firing and deflection tables;laying the mortar without the sight; spareparts and accessories; and fire control in-struments, showing the nomenclature anduse of the compass, field glass, and wire com-munication equipment of the mortar squad.-No notes.

7-26. 81-mm, M1, Part III.The characteristics of 81-mm ammunition:

nomenclature, propelling charge, stabilizingfins, fuzes, and method of packing; safety pre-cautions before and after mounting, beforeand during firing; removal of a misfire fromthe mortar, and causes of misfires.--No notes.

*7-27. The 81-mm Mortar, Part IV.Training for placing the mortar in action.

Shows method of carrying mortar and equip-ment, unloading from truck, the equipmentcarried by members of the squad, mounting themortar for action, laying and firing the mor-tar and handling ammunition.-No notes.

7-31. The Browning Automatic Rifle, Cal. .30, M1918,M1918A1, M1918A2, Part I.

Shows the general characteristics, data, andnomenclature of the Browning automatic rifle;the development from the M1918 through theM1918A1 to the M1918A2 by indicating thebasic differences; the methods of firing at

168


ground and air targets; ammunition; fielddisassembling land assembling (shown in de-tail, each movement of disassembling beingillustrated).-No notes.

PS 7-32. The Browning Automatic Rifle, Cal. .30,Models 1918, 1918A1, 1918A2, Part II.

Shows in detail how to disassemble andassemble the 1918A2 bipod; two methods ofremoving and replacing the firing pin with-out disassembling the rifle; removing and re-placing the extractor without disassemblingthe rifle; disassembling and assembling themagazine.-No notes.

*7-38. United States Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903, Part III,Marksmanship 1st, 2d, and 3d Exercises(FM 23-10).

Shows the coach and pupil method of in-struction, executing exercises with the sightbar, alining on the target, and making tri-angles. Correct and incorrect sight picturesare shown. The necessity of careful, faithfulpractice is emphasized.-No notes.

*7-45. Browning Machine Gun, cal. .30, M1917, Part I.General characteristics of the Browning

Machine Gun: direct, indirect, overhead fire,use in attack, in defense, against airplanes;blank firing attachments description: Nomen-clature, tripods, cooling system; organizationof a heavy weapons company.-No notes.

*7-46. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917, PartII, Disassembling-Assembling, by Groups(FM 23-55).

Removal of the backplate, bolt handle, bolt,lock frame, barrel extension and barrel, latchand cover from the gun. Replacing groups ingun, including making headspace adjust-ment.-No notes.

7-47. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917, PartThree.

Detailed disassembling and assembling ofthe bolt, lock frame, barrel extension, andcover.-No notes.

169


*FS 7-48. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917, PartIV.

Disassembling the shoc absorbing groups,belt-holding pawl, and steam tube; packingthe breech and muzzle ends of the barrel;changing parts (time an element) parts notrequiring removal of the barrel, parts requir-ing removal of barrel.-No notes.

*7-49. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917, PartV.

This strip illustrates the procedure to befollowed in keeping the gun in good workingcondition. It illustrates the general care andcleaning of the gun, as well as its care beforeand after a gas attack. Also covered arepoints to be observed before, during, and afterfiring.-No notes.

*7-56. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917,Part XII.

Technique of fire. Direct laying. Charac-teristics of fire, classes of fire. Range, deter-mination and windage.-No notes.

*7-57. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917,Part XII.

This strip shows the methods of target des-ignation, use of reference points, descriptionof target, distribution of fire by section andplatoon to engage various types of targets,(point, deep, wide, oblique-fixed, or moving),aiming points, elements of a fire order.-Nonotes.

07-48. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M1917, PartXIV.

Technique of fire, direct-laying overheadfire.-No notes.

7-60. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, HB, M1919A4(Ground), Part I. Mechanical Train-ing: Description, Disassembling-Assem-bling by Groups. (FM 23-45.)

The characteristics, principle of operation,mount, nomenclature, use, disassembling andassembling by groups.-No notes.

170


*FS 7-61. Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, HB, M1919A4(Ground), Part II.

Detailed disassembling and assembling of thebolt lock frame barrel extension, and cover;disassembling the shock absorbing group, andbelt-holding pawl; changing parts when timeis a factor.-No notes.

7-68. The 37-mm Antitank Gun, M3, Part I.Characteristics and Description.

Shows the general characteristics, data, andnomenclature of the 37-mm antitank gun, M3,mounted on the M4 carriage; the method ofmoving the gun by carrier and by hand; easein manipulating and firing the gun; types ofammunition used; targets engaged; the organ-ization of the antitank company and squad.-No notes.

Medical Department.*8-1. First Aid and Sanitation-Disposal of Waste.

Field sanitary devices noted in FM 21-10 forproper care and disposal of human excreta,garbage, liquid wastes from kitchen, baths,wash tubs, and laundries.-No notes.

*8-2. Communicable Disease Control; Control ofRespiratory Diseases.

Control of respiratory diseases includingstandards of floor and air space, bed spacing,cubiculization and ventilation (ROTC).-Nonotes.Control of Intestinal Diseases (A and B):

*8-3. (A) Water Supply and Purification.Procurement responsibility, requirements,

sources, methods of field purification, storageand distribution (ROTC).-No notes.

*8-4. (B) Food Control.- Control of intestinal diseases including fieldmesses, ice boxes, washing of mess kits, flydevelopment, traps and bait.-No notes.

*8-5. Control of Insect-borne Diseases.Sanitary devices for fly, mosquito, louse, and

flea control including rat proofing.-No notes.

'171


*FS 8-6. Venereal Disease Control.Venereal diseases, their lesions and some of

their complications, control and prophylaxis.-No notes.

*8-7. First Aid.General, including first-aid precautions,

steps in treatment and varieties of hemor-rhage. First-aid treatment of fractures, snakebites, drowning, and transportation of pa-tients.--No notes.

8-8. Principles of Military Epidemiology; Controlof Respiratory Diseases; Selection ofCamp Sites.

Responsibility, spread, classification, sources,control of sources, and control measures ofcommunicable disease, housing as it affectsrespiratory disease, and military and sanitaryfactors in selecting a camp site.-No notes.(Control of Intestinal Diseases, A, B, and C):

8-9. (A) Water Supply and Purification.Procurement responsibility, requirements.

sources, methods of field purification, storageand distribution. (More comprehensive andadvanced than 8-3.)-No notes.

8-10. (B) Food Control.Same scope as 8-4.-No notes.

8-11. (C) Disposal of Wastes in Camps andBivouacs.

Same scope as 8-1.-No notes.8-12. Control of Insect-borne Diseases.

Same scope as 8-5.-No notes.8-13. Sanitary Inspection, Reports, Orders and Sur-

veys; Statistical Methods.Types, basic, military and environmental

features of sanitary survey, types of reports,and statistical methods including charts.-No notes.

*8-14. Organization of the Field Army.Organization of the field army emphasiz-

ing the nature and extent of the medicalservice.-Notes.

172


FS 8-15. Army Leg Splint, Half Ring, Hinged.General principles governing the care of

fractures and extensive soft tissue injuriesof the lower limb, and a demonstration of theuse of this splint, in indicated cases.-Notes.

*8-16. Ambulance Loading and Unloading.A demonstration of ambulance loading and

unloading of animal- and motor-drawn am-bulances.-Notes.Medical Service, Infantry Division, Square:

8-17. Unit Medical Service (Medical Detachments).The organization, the establishment of in-

stallations by and tactical operations ofmedical detachments of the infantry division,square.-Notes.

8-18. Section I, Division Surgeon's Office.The organization and command and staff

functions of the division surgeon's office ofthe infantry division, square.Section II, Medical Regiment.

The functions and functional divisions ofthe medical regiment and its tactical dis-positions.-Notes.

8-19. Headquarters and Service Company MedicalRegiment.

Functions and functional divisions and loca-tion of functional activities of the headquartersand service company, medical regiment.-Notes.

8-20. 1st Battalion (Collecting) Medical Regiment.Organization of collecting battalions, col-

lecting companies and their tactical opera-tion.-Notes.

8-21. 2d Battalion (Ambulance) Medical Regiment.Organization of ambulance battalions, am-

bulance c o m p a n i e s and their tacticaloperations.-Notes.

8-22. 3d Battalion (Clearing) Medical Regiment.Organization of clearing battalions, clearing

companies and their tactical operations.-Notes.

443390°'42-12 173


PS 8-23. The Medical Battalion.The organization, combat functions, func-

tions other than combat and the establish-ment of the various installations of the medicalbattalion designed to render service for theinfantry division (triangular), infantry di-vision (triangular, motorized), and those unitsknown as corps troops.-No notes.

*8-24. Shelter Tent Pitching.Details each step in the erection of the single

shelter tent and the double shelter tent.-Nonotes.

8-25. First Aid for Gunshot Wounds of the Face andJaws.

Necessary procedure: Control of hemor-rhage-clearance and maintenance of airpassage-stabilization of parts.

Followed by bandages-wiring-preventionof shock-evacuation.-Notes.

8-26. The Roller Bandages (Barton, Modified Bar-ton, and Parker Bandages).

Detailed method of application of the fol-lowing bandages:

a. Barton.b. Modified Barton.c. Parker.-Notes.

8-27. The Roller Bandages (Circular, Modified Gib-son, Knotted and Recurrent Bandage ofHead).

Detailed method of application of the follow-ing bandages:

a. Circular.b. Modified Gibson.c. Knotted.d. Recurrent bandage of head.-Notes.

8-28. The Roller Bandages (Four-Tailed, First-AidPacket, Figure-of-Eight, Crossed (OneEye), and Crossed (Both Eyes).

Detailed method of application of the follow-

174


ing bandages:a. Four-tailed.b. First-aid packet.c. Figure-of-eight.d. Crossed bandage (one eye).e. Crossed bandage (both eyes).-Notes.

FS 8-29. Emergency Bandaging of Face and Jaw In-juries.

Rules for utilization of compress-bandages-wound dressings.

Fourteen types of bandages applied inemergency bandaging of face and jaw injuries.First-aid packet. Medical pouch and contents(both normal and capacity).--Notes.

8-30. Triangular Bandages (Face and Jaw Wounds).Details methods of preparation and applica-

tion of triangular and cravat bandages; in-cludes fronto-occipital triangle (head cap),cravat of head or ear, chin-cheeks--scalpcravat, and triangular compressed bandage.-Notes.

8-31. Roller Bandage (Face and Jaw Wounds).Details methods employed in preparation,

application, and removal of roller bandage;includes principles of application of the figure-of-eight, spiral reverse, and spica bandages.-Notes.

8-32. Extra-Oral Traction Appliances (WoodenTongue Depressor Traction Appliance andMetal Coat Hanger Traction Appliance).

Details methods of preparation and applica-tion of the wooden tongue depressor tractionappliances and the metal coat hanger tractionappliance.-Notes.

Ordnance Department.*9-1. Small Arms (rifles, pistols, revolvers, auto-

matic rifles).Captioned photographs of each standard

weapon.-Notes.*9-2. Infantry and Cavalry Accompanying Weapons.

Captioned photographs of each standardweapon.-Notes.

175


*FS 9-3. Small Arms Machine Guns and Mounts.Captioned photographs of each standard

weapon.-Notes.*9-4. Field Artillery.

Captioned photographs of each standardweapon.-Notes.

*9-5. Railway and Seacoast Artillery.Captioned photographs of each standard

weapon.-Notes.*9-6. Aircraft and Antiaircraft Artillery-Guns.

Captioned photographs of each standardweapon. This film includes photographs show-ing progressive development of this subject.-Notes.

*9-7. Aircraft and Antiaircraft Artillery-FireControl.

Captioned photographs of each standardinstrument. This film includes photographsshowing progressive development of this sub-ject.-Notes.

*9-8. Automotive Mat6riel.Captioned photographs of automotive ma-

teriel.-Notes.*9-15. Military Explosives.

Captioned photographs of containers andtypes of powder. Excellent material for train-ing and basic training.-Notes.

*9-16. Small Arms Ammunition.Captioned photographs and cross section

drawings of each type of small arms ammuni-tion. Excellent material for basic training.-Notes.

*9-17. Artillery Ammunition.Unusual captioned photographs illustrating

types of artillery ammunition. Excellent ma-terial for basic training.-Notes.

*9-18. Bombs and Pyrotechnics.Captioned photographs of each type of

bomb, nose and tail fuze. Included is a tableof bomb assemblies, correct to September 1,1940. Excellent for basic training.-Notes.

176


*FS 9-19. Hand Grenades and Trench Mortar Ammuni-tion.

Captioned photographs of each type of am-munition, and containers for shipment andstorage in the field. Excellent for basic train-ing.-Notes.

*9-20. The U. S. Rifle, Cal..30, M1, Part I, Disassemblyand Assembly (3d and 4th Echelon).

Covers the M1 rifle in detail as to disassemblyand assembly.-Notes.

*9-21. The U. S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903A1, Part I, Disas-sembly and Assembly (3d and 4th Echelon).

Covers the M1903A1 rifle in detail as to dis-assembly, assembly, and nomenclature and in-spection. The historical background of theM1903 and M1917 rifles is covered briefly.-Notes.

9-22. The U. S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903A1, Part II-Inspection and Repair (3d and 4thEchelon).

Covers necessary inspection procedure andthe use of inspection gages.-Notes.

9-23. The U. S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1, Part II--Inspectionand Repair (3d and 4th Echelon).

Covers necessary inspection procedure andthe use of inspection gages.-Notes.

Quartermaster Corps. o'10-20. Quartermaster Battalion (Bakery).

The organization, personnel, equipment, andsupply of the quartermaster battalion (bakery)and the quartermaster company (bakery) atwar strength.-No notes.

10-22. Miscellaneous Quartermaster Units.Quartermaster company-refrigeration.Quartermaster company-sales commissary.Quartermaster company-salvage collecting.Quartermaster battalion-gasoline supply.The mission; organization to accomplish the

mission; transportation and equipment pro-vided; functions, and duties of the specializedpersonnel -of the above listed quartermasterunits.-No notes.

177


FS 10-25. Miscellaneous Quartermaster Units.Quartermaster company-sterilization and

bath.Quartermaster company--depot (supply).Quartermaster company-railhead.Quartermaster company-mobile shoe re-

pair.The mission; organization provided to ac-

complish the mission; transportation andequipment provided; functions, and duties ofthe specialized personnel of the above listedquartermaster units.-No notes.

10-27. Quartermaster Squadron Remount and Opera-tion of a Quartermaster Remount Depot.

The organization and operation of the quar-termaster remount depot, together with theorganization and functions of the quarter-master remount squadron and remounttroop.-No notes.

10-29. Graves Registration Units.Depicts the duties and organization of the

quartermaster company, graves registrationservice, by means of photographs taken during'the World War, showing graves registrationunits carrying out their allotted duties.-Nonotes.

*10-33. Automotive Electricity.Fundamentals and principles of electricity

and magnetism, terminology, storage batteryoperation and maintenance; battery and mag-neto- ignition system; starting and generatorsystem; lighting and other electrical unitsand systems.-No notes.

10-34. Automotive Power Transmission Units.Power transmission systems, clutches, over-

drives, transfer cases, power take-offs, pro-peller shafts and universal joints, final drives,differentials, live axles and bearings; termi-nology and nomenclature.-No notes.

178


*FS 10-35. Chassis, Body, and Trailer Units.Terminology and nomenclature; frames,

springs and shock absorbers; suspension andsteering systems; wheel alinement, rims andtires; types of bodies, trailer units andtrailers.-No notes.

*10-36. Automotive Brakes.Terminology; braking system; mechanism

and construction; mechanical, hydraulic, air,vacuum and electrical systems.-No notes.

*10-37. Diesel Engines and Fuels.Principles of operations, types, including

semi-Diesels, parts and their functions in-cluding nomenclature, lubrication and cooling,fuels and fuel systems.-No notes.

*10-38. The Motorcycle.Description, types and nomenclature of In-

dian and Harley-Davidson, U. S. Army Modelmotorcycles, description of units, parts, andtheir functions.-No notes.

*10-39. Lubrication.Theory, source, types, properties, and char-

acteristics of lubricants, selections, problemsand use of lubricants, lubrication charts andschedules.-No notes.

,#10-40. Hand, Measuring, and Power Tools.Explains .the specific purpose, correct use,

and proper care of the common tools of themotor vehicle mechanic.-No notes.

*10-41. The Blacksmith and the Welder.This explains the purpose and correct use

of tools and equipment of the blacksmith andwelder.-No notes.

*10-42. The Internal Combustion Engine.Terminology and definition of terms, prin-

ciples of operation, types of engines, parts andtheir coordinated functions; engine lubricationand cooling.-No notes.

*10-43. The Motor Vehicle.Automotive nomenclature and terminology,

common words, terms and phrases; classifica-

179


tion, procurement, designation, registration,and description of military motor vehicles;payloads, weights and types; classification ofmotor vehicle units and assemblies and theirfunctions.-No notes.

*FS 10-44. Fuel sand Carburetion.Carburetor nomenclature, engine fuels, fuel

systems, physics and principles of carburetion;types of carburetors, intake and exhaust sys-tems, superchargers and governors.-No notes.

*10-45. Ford V-8 Reconnaissance Car, Maintenanceand Lubrication, Part 1.

A commercial film strip which has beenadapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. The title is self-explanatory.-No notes.

* 10-46. Ford V-8 Reconnaissance Car, Engine TuneUp, Part 2.

A commercial film strip which has beenadapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. Title is self-explanatory.-No notes.

*10-47. Ford V-8 Passenger Car, Part 1, Maintenanceand Lubrication Services.

A commercial film strip which has beenadapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. T'he title is self-explanatory.-Nonotes.

*10-48. Ford V-8 Passenger Car, Part 2, Engine TuneUp.

A commercial film strip which has beenadapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. The title is self-explanatory.-Nonotes.

*10-49. The Machinist.A series of photographs for use of the in-

structor in the explanation of the drill press,screw cutting engine lathe, the milling ma-chine, the shaper, grinders, and grinding andpower hacksaws.-No notes.

180


*FS 10-50. 28-Series Zenith Carburetor.A commercial film strip which has been

adapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. The title is self-explanatory.-Nbtes.

*10-51. 23-Series Zenith Carburetor.A commercial film strip which has been

adapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. The title is self-explanatory.-Notes.

*10-52. Construction and Operation of Zenith 450-Series.

A commercial film strip which has beenadapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. The title is self -explanatory.-Notes.

10-53. First Echelon of Maintenance.The duties, functions, and limitations of the

first echelon, a description of the personnel,tools, and equipment.-No notes.

*10-54. Second Echelon of Maintenance.The duties, functions, and limitations of the

second echelon, a description of the personnel,tools, and equipment.-No notes.

*10-55. Third Echelon of Maintenance.Outlining the basic functions and limitations

of the third echelon of maintenance, a descrip-tion of the personnel, tools, and equipmentauthorized.-No notes.

*10-56. Fourth Echelon of Maintenance.Outlining the basic functions and limitations

of the fourth echelon of maintenance, a de-scription of the personnel, tools, and equip-ment authorized.-No notes.

*10-57. Carter Carburetor.A 'commercial film strip which has been

adapted for use as a War Department filmstrip. The title is self-explanatory.-Nonotes.

*10-58. Inspection of Motor Vehicles.A general outline of motor vehicle inspec-

tions; the purpose, technique, and types ofinspection.-No notes.

181


'FS 10-59. Sheet Metal Work, Body, Fender, and RadiatorRepairs.

Illustrations herein to be used as instructors'charts in conducting lectures on sheet metalwork, body, fender, and radiator repairs.-No notes.

*10-61. The Storage Battery.This film strip outlines battery construction,

operation, maintenance, care, and chargingmethods.-No notes.

* 10-62. Motorcycle Inspection (Command, Mainte-nance, Technical).

The importance of systematic motorcycleinspections and methods of making them,based on WD, TM 10-515; illustrates routinesof daily, weekly, monthly, and semiannual in-spections.-No notes.

*10-66. Electrical Tune-up.Principal functions of electrical units,

tune-up procedure and minor adjustments.maintenance and operation of the electricalsystem.-No notes.

Signal Corps.*11-1. Basic Signal Communication.

Lettering, message forms, phonetic alpha-bet, lineman's tools, wire splices, connectionsfor batteries, illustrations of telephonesEE-4, EE-5, and EE-8, Army organization andmilitary symbols (92 frames).-Notes.

Armored Force.17-1. Blocking and Securing Motor Vehicles for Ship-

ment by Railroad.Illustrates methods of blocking and securing

various types of vehicles and guns for ship-ment by railroad. Also contains lists showingnumber, size of standardized blocks and secur-ing materials required for types of vehiclesfrom solo motorcycles to medium tanks. Ap-plicable to all arms and services.-No notes.

182


FS 17-2. Thompson Submachine Gun, Cal. .45, M1928A1,Mechanical Training.

Covers the characteristics, nomenclature,assembling and disassembling, functioning,care and cleaning, stoppages and immediateaction, spare parts and accessories, safety pre-cautions, and ammunition of the Thompsonsubmachine gun, cal. .45, M1928A1.-No notes.

17-3. The Light Tank, M2A4, Description and Char-acteristics.

Covers general description of the character-istics, nomenclature, certain details of con-struction and functioning of light tanks. Thelight tanks, M2A4 and M3, equipped with eithergasoline or Diesel engine are described.-Nonotes.

17-4. The Medium Tank, M2A1, Description andCharacteristics.

Covers general description of the character-istics, nomenclature, certain details of con-struction and functioning of the medium tank,M2A1.-No notes.

17-5. Signals-Arm and Hand, Flag and Light.-Nonotes.

17-6. Tank Maintenance, First Echelon, Part I.Maintenance responsibility of crew; cleaning,

inspection, lubrication, tightening nuts andbolts, care of tank tools and guns, care ofbattery.

Maintenance performed under supervision ofsecond echelon maintenance personnel; re-moval of armor plates, changing oil, lubricationof certain parts, track maintenance.

Emergency maintenance operations; replace-ment of fuses, adjustment of control rods, leversand linkages, repairing fuel or oil line leaks.-No notes.

17-7. Tank Maintenance, First Echelon, Part II, In-spections.

Covers in detail inspections before operation,at the halt and after operation. The inspectionduties of the tank commander, which include

183


Suplervision of all crew members, and the dutiesof the driver, the tank gunner, and the radiooperator are included.-No notes.

FS 17-8. The Medium Tank, M3, Description and Char-acteristics.

.Covers the general description of the mediumtank, M3, to include capabilities, common no-menclature, dimensions, armor and armament,ammunition and equipment, crew, engine,power train, suspension, and tracks.-No notes.

*17-9. The Half-Track, Description and Characteris-tics.

Describes types of bodies on the half-trackchassis; the various dimensions, armament,equipment, and capabilities of the half-trackare shown. Engine, power train, driving sys-tem, suspension, and track. The uses of thehalf-track as a prime mover are described.-No notes.

APPENDIX I

TRAINING FILM EXAMINATION

· 1. GENERAL.-The technique described below together withthe sample form on page 191 are guides only. The ques-tions listed pertain to TF 11-157, "Military Courtesy and Cus-toms of the Service," which is stocked at all libraries and is,therefore, available for all instructors to use in becomingfamiliar with the procedure outlined herein. The sametechnique can be applied to most training films by the in-dividual instructor. The test of the questions pertaining toany film being: that the film contains the answer; that thequestion is neither too simple nor too difficult; that thequestion is direct, clear, and possible of only one correctanswer.

* 2. PURPOSE.--The purpose of conducting an examinationafter screening a training film is to increase the instruc-tional value of the film by stimulating the minds of theclass to greater concentration, and to provide a means foremphasizing the salient points of instruction brought out inthe film.

184


* 3. MATERIALS REQUIRED.-Mimeographed form similar tosample on page 191.

One for each member of the class.Pencils if available. One per each member of the class.Blackboard and chalk.

* 4. PROCEDURE.---. After other suitable explanation preced-ing the screening of the film distribute one copy of the quizsheet and one pencil if available, to each member of the class.Announce that immediately after the screening each memberof the class will be required to answer 15 questions, the an-swers to which can be given after a careful study of the film.Better results will be obtained if the instructor impresseson the class that if each individual gives the screening ofthe film his entire attention most answers should be correct.

b. The method of indicating the answers on the quiz sheetshould be explained before and again after the screeningof the film. The answer to each question will be indicatedby punching a hole in either the "yes" or "no" column witha match, pencil, or other object opposite the number of thequestion asked. If sufficient pencils are available, each mem-ber of the class should be required to write his name on hisquiz sheet so it can be identified.

c. Before asking the questions, explain again how theywill be answered. Ask each question slowly and distinctly.Repeating each question once will be helpful to the class andimprove the results.

·d. After all questions have been asked, the instructor shouldread the first question and require a raising of hands by allwho answered "Yes," then all who answered "No." The classcan then be informed of the correct answer by announcingit or writing it on the blackboard which has been ruled andnumbered similarly to the quiz sheet. This procedure is thenrepeated until all answers have been announced. It is sug-gested that if the quiz sheets bear the names of the individualsof the class, they be collected even though grading them isnot intended.

* 5. QUESTIONS SUGGESTED.-The following questions are basedon TF 11-157, "Military Courtesy and Customs of the Servive."They represent only a few of innumerable questions whichcan be based on any training film.

185


Q. Does a colonel wear gold colored leaves on his shoulders?A. No.

Q. Is a first sergeant of a higher grade than staff sergeant?A. No.

Q. Your regimental chaplain is a captain. You havereason to talk with him. Do you address him as chaplainsA. Yes.

Q. You are in a formation. The formation is "at rest."An officer speaks to you. Do you come to attention? A. Yes.

Q. You are standing in the hallway in the headquartersbuilding of your unit. Your headgear is on your head. Youare unarmed. An officer passes by. Do you salute him?A. No.

Q. You are a sentry walking your post. An officer ap-proaches and speaks to you. You have executed the propersalute. An officer senior to the one with whom you are talkingpasses and is saluted by your officer. Do you also salute thepassing officer? A. Yes.

Q. When passing an officer you should look him in the eyewhen you salute him? A. Yes.

Q. When in civilian clothes with your hat on the handsalute is executed when the National Anthem is played?A. No.

Q. You are at mess. An officer speaks to you. You shouldrise and stand at attention? A. No.

Q. You are in charge of a work detail. You are marchingat route step and pass your regimental headquarters. TheNational and Regimental Colors are cased. Do you call yourdetail to attention and salute them? A. No.

Q. After having your first sergeant's permission to speakto your company commander, you approach his desk. Yourheadgear is in your left hand. Do you salute him? A. Yes.

Q. When on your post, your company commander who isin civilian clothes passes you. Do you salute him? A. Yes.

Q. You are a member of a group standing outside a recrea-tion building. Do all salute an officer when he approaches?A. Yes.

Q. You render the same courtesy when "To The Color" issounded at Retreat as you do to the National Anthem? A. Yes.

Q. You are wearing sidearms and headgear and are in yourtent. Do you uncover when an officer enters? A. No.

186

NameTRAINING FILM QUIZ SHEET

Orgn.

Yes No

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

With pencil or match punch holefor your answer.

187