Basic First AidBasic First Aid

Seizures/ConvulsionsSeizures/Convulsions Seizures: mild to severe Seizures: mild to severe

brief blackouts, involuntary movements, sudden brief blackouts, involuntary movements, sudden fallsfalls

periods of confused behaviorperiods of confused behavior involuntary muscle contractions.involuntary muscle contractions.

Grand Mal seizuresGrand Mal seizures uncontrollable muscle movements (jerking or uncontrollable muscle movements (jerking or

spasms)spasms) RigidityRigidity loss of consciousnessloss of consciousness loss of bladder and/or bowel controlloss of bladder and/or bowel control breathing that stops temporarily.breathing that stops temporarily.

Seizures/ConvulsionsSeizures/Convulsions Stay with the person – consider calling Stay with the person – consider calling

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Protect the person from injuryProtect the person from injury Move all furniture or equipment that is nearbyMove all furniture or equipment that is nearby Do not hold or restrain the personDo not hold or restrain the person Do not put anything in the person’s mouthDo not put anything in the person’s mouth Loosen clothingLoosen clothing Roll the person on his/her side Roll the person on his/her side

After the seizure activity has stoppedAfter the seizure activity has stopped:: Perform rescue breathing if person is blue or not Perform rescue breathing if person is blue or not

breathing (if CPR certified)breathing (if CPR certified) If breathing, lay person on sideIf breathing, lay person on side

FAINTINGFAINTING

Pale, sweaty, Pale, sweaty, slow pulseslow pulse Lay person on back with head to Lay person on back with head to

the side and legs elevatedthe side and legs elevated DO NOT give anything by mouthDO NOT give anything by mouth If person doesn’t wake up If person doesn’t wake up right right

awayaway, call 911, call 911

ChokingChoking

Partial airway obstruction with Partial airway obstruction with good air exchangegood air exchange Forceful coughForceful cough Wheezing in between breathsWheezing in between breaths

*Stay with the person and encourage *Stay with the person and encourage them to coughthem to cough

ChokingChoking

Partial airway obstruction with Partial airway obstruction with poor air exchangepoor air exchange Weak, ineffective coughWeak, ineffective cough High-pitched noises while breathingHigh-pitched noises while breathing

* This type of obstruction should be * This type of obstruction should be dealt with as if it were a complete dealt with as if it were a complete obstructionobstruction

ChokingChoking

Complete airway obstructionComplete airway obstruction Unable to breathe, speak or coughUnable to breathe, speak or cough Clutching at his/her throat (universal Clutching at his/her throat (universal

distress signal for choking)distress signal for choking)

If the person is still conscious, If the person is still conscious, perform Heimlich maneuverperform Heimlich maneuver

If the person becomes unconscious, If the person becomes unconscious, call 911 and continue helping if call 911 and continue helping if familiar with First Aid/CPRfamiliar with First Aid/CPR

Heimlich ManeuverHeimlich Maneuver

Major Bleeding: DMajor Bleeding: Direct irect PressurePressure

Use a sterile dressing or clean cloth Fold to form pad Apply pressure directly over wound Fasten with bandage; knot over wound If bleeding continues, add second pressure dressing

Bleeding: Bleeding: Pressure Pressure PointsPoints

Apply pressure where artery lies near skin over bone.

Bleeding: Bleeding: Pressure Pressure PointsPoints

Use pressure point closest to Use pressure point closest to wound, between wound and wound, between wound and heartheart

Superficial arteries: use flat Superficial arteries: use flat surface of several fingerssurface of several fingers

Femoral artery, use heel of one Femoral artery, use heel of one handhand

TourniquetTourniquet

Absolute last resort in controlling bleeding: Life or the limbOnce a Once a

tourniquet is tourniquet is applied, it is applied, it is not to be not to be removed , removed , only by a only by a doctordoctor

CutsCuts

Apply pressure with a clean cloth, Apply pressure with a clean cloth, elevation elevation Can be cleaned better when bleeding stopsCan be cleaned better when bleeding stops

Large and deep: seek medical attentionLarge and deep: seek medical attention Maintain pressureMaintain pressure

Minor cutsMinor cuts Soap and water, peroxide Soap and water, peroxide cover with antibiotic ointment and dressing. cover with antibiotic ointment and dressing.

If cut may need sutures, seek medical care If cut may need sutures, seek medical care as soon as possibleas soon as possible

Consider “Super Glue”Consider “Super Glue”

Works on People, Too!Works on People, Too!

AbrasionsAbrasions

Must get wound cleanMust get wound clean Hold pressure with or without Hold pressure with or without

“numbing” medicine till “numbing” medicine till bleeding stopsbleeding stops

Clean wound with soap and Clean wound with soap and water in 1 -2 hourswater in 1 -2 hours

Wrap in dry bandageWrap in dry bandage Clean at least twice a day till Clean at least twice a day till

healed healed

Puncture WoundsPuncture Wounds DO NOTDO NOT remove remove

large objects such as large objects such as knives or sticks, call knives or sticks, call 911 911

For minor wounds, For minor wounds, wash with soap and wash with soap and water water Remove splinters?Remove splinters? Antibiotic ointmentAntibiotic ointment BandageBandage

The person may The person may need a tetanus need a tetanus booster injectionbooster injection

StingingStinging InsectsInsects Remove the stinger with the scraping Remove the stinger with the scraping

motion of a fingernailmotion of a fingernail DO NOT pull the stinger outDO NOT pull the stinger out Put a cold compress on the bitePut a cold compress on the bite

Hydrocortisone creamHydrocortisone cream BenadrylBenadryl

Check for allergiesCheck for allergies If hives, paleness, weakness, nausea, If hives, paleness, weakness, nausea,

vomiting, tightness in chest, breathing vomiting, tightness in chest, breathing difficulty, or collapse occur, call 911. difficulty, or collapse occur, call 911.

For spider bites, call the Poison Control For spider bites, call the Poison Control Center or hospitalCenter or hospital

EpiPenEpiPen

How to use an Epipen:How to use an Epipen: Pull off gray safety cap. Pull off gray safety cap. Place black tip on thigh, at right angle to Place black tip on thigh, at right angle to

leg leg Press hard into thigh until Auto-Injector Press hard into thigh until Auto-Injector

mechanism functions mechanism functions Hold in place for several seconds Hold in place for several seconds The EpiPen unit should then be removed and The EpiPen unit should then be removed and

discarded discarded Massage the injection area for 10 seconds.Massage the injection area for 10 seconds.

BlistersBlisters

Leave intactLeave intact Puncture under clean Puncture under clean

conditionsconditionsCleanse area, hands, needleCleanse area, hands, needlePuncture near edgePuncture near edgeAntibiotic ointment and Antibiotic ointment and bandagebandage

EYE InjuriesEYE Injuries

DON’T RUB!!!DON’T RUB!!! Wash out (chemicals, dirt)Wash out (chemicals, dirt) Patch or compress or keep Patch or compress or keep

closed closed Send the person directly to Send the person directly to

an emergency room.an emergency room.

NOSEBLEEDSNOSEBLEEDS With person With person

sitting, squeeze sitting, squeeze nostrils together nostrils together between thumb between thumb and index finger and index finger for 10 minutesfor 10 minutes

Ice on foreheadIce on forehead If bleeding If bleeding

persists, seek persists, seek medical attention– medical attention– but maintain but maintain pressurepressure

TEETHTEETH If knocked out, find the tooth and rinse If knocked out, find the tooth and rinse

it gently without touching the rootit gently without touching the root Insert and gently hold the tooth in its Insert and gently hold the tooth in its

socket or transport the tooth in cow’s socket or transport the tooth in cow’s milkmilk

If broken, save the pieces. Gently If broken, save the pieces. Gently clean the injured area with warm clean the injured area with warm water. Place a cold compress to reduce water. Place a cold compress to reduce swelling. swelling.

Send the person directly to the dentist Send the person directly to the dentist or an emergency room. Time is or an emergency room. Time is important!important!

Major FracturesMajor Fractures

Other injuries – major Other injuries – major accidentaccident

Broken skin, major deformityBroken skin, major deformityHeavy bleedingHeavy bleedingLoss of circulationLoss of circulation

Neck, head, hip, pelvis, Neck, head, hip, pelvis, upper legupper leg

Major FracturesMajor Fractures

Stop any bleedingStop any bleeding Immobilize Immobilize

SplintSplintDon’t try to re-alignDon’t try to re-align

Treat for shockTreat for shockHead downHead downLegs up?Legs up?

DislocationsDislocations

Don't delay medical careDon't delay medical care Don't move the jointDon't move the joint

Nerves, blood vessels and ligamentsNerves, blood vessels and ligaments Put ice on the injured jointPut ice on the injured joint

Fractures and Sprains: Fractures and Sprains: PRICEPRICE

P-- pP-- protect the injured limb from rotect the injured limb from further injury by not using the jointfurther injury by not using the joint

R-- rR-- rest the injured limbest the injured limb I-- iI-- ice the areace the area C-- cC-- compress the area with an ompress the area with an

elastic wrap or bandage elastic wrap or bandage E-- eE-- elevate the injured limb levate the injured limb

whenever possible to help prevent whenever possible to help prevent or limit swellingor limit swelling

SunburnSunburn

AvoidanceAvoidance Cover up: hats, sleevesCover up: hats, sleeves SunscreenSunscreen

Cool bath or showerCool bath or shower Leave blisters intactLeave blisters intact Tylenol, Advil, SolarcaineTylenol, Advil, Solarcaine

Heat IllnessHeat Illness

AVOID The ProblemAVOID The Problem DRINK even if not “thirsty”DRINK even if not “thirsty”

LotsLots of of clear urineclear urine Heat Cramps: rest, cool down, DRINKHeat Cramps: rest, cool down, DRINK Heat Exhaustion = threatened HeatstrokeHeat Exhaustion = threatened Heatstroke

Nausea, faintNausea, faint Pale, clammy & coolPale, clammy & cool Give fluids, active coolingGive fluids, active cooling

Heatstroke Heatstroke Call 911 Call 911 Hot, shock, unconsciousHot, shock, unconscious