BASIC HUMAN NEEDSBASIC HUMAN NEEDS

Unit twoUnit two

BASIC HUMAN NEEDSBASIC HUMAN NEEDS

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:– Describe basic human needs/physical, Describe basic human needs/physical,

emotional, spiritualemotional, spiritual– Identify Developmental tasks Identify Developmental tasks

associated with the aging processassociated with the aging process– Discuss age related conditionsDiscuss age related conditions– Discuss general characteristics of agingDiscuss general characteristics of aging– Discuss cultural diversity/ individualityDiscuss cultural diversity/ individuality

Describe Basic Human Describe Basic Human NeedsNeeds

Basic Human needs Basic Human needs are needs all persons are needs all persons have. However have. However individuals meet individuals meet these needs in these needs in different ways. Most different ways. Most residents in long residents in long term facilities will term facilities will need some need some assistance to meet assistance to meet their basic needs.their basic needs.

Ways to assist Residents Ways to assist Residents with Physical Needswith Physical Needs

FoodFood– making meal time making meal time

as pleasant as as pleasant as possiblepossible

– assist resident to assist resident to eat, feed resident eat, feed resident when possiblewhen possible

– prepare foods such prepare foods such as cutting meats, as cutting meats, opening cartonsopening cartons

Oxygen/AirOxygen/Air– elevate HOB for elevate HOB for

resident with resident with breathing problems or breathing problems or SOBSOB

– position in bed and position in bed and chairs to allow lung chairs to allow lung expansionexpansion

– assist resident to assist resident to ambulateambulate

– assist nurse with assist nurse with oxygen therapy.oxygen therapy.

Meeting Resident Physical Meeting Resident Physical needsneeds

Water:Water:– Offer fluids Offer fluids

frequentlyfrequently– keep water keep water

containers within containers within reachreach

– Keep water fresh, Keep water fresh, other liquids at other liquids at correct correct temperatures.temperatures.

Elimination:Elimination:– Assist resident in Assist resident in

toileting needstoileting needs– provide privacyprovide privacy– be matter of fact be matter of fact

in response to in response to incontinent incontinent residentsresidents

Meeting Physical NeedsMeeting Physical Needs

Rest:Rest:– Assist in preparation Assist in preparation

for sleepfor sleep– recognize changes in recognize changes in

patterns for sleep patterns for sleep Activity and ExerciseActivity and Exercise

– Encourage ROM in Encourage ROM in ADL’sADL’s

– ambulate, transfer ambulate, transfer and move properlyand move properly

– Encourage activityEncourage activity

StimulationStimulation– Encourage resident Encourage resident

to participate in to participate in activitiesactivities

– Encourage residents Encourage residents to talk and listen to talk and listen carefullycarefully

– Do not isolate Do not isolate resident. Place in resident. Place in area where they can area where they can observe activity.observe activity.

Meeting Physical needsMeeting Physical needs

SexualitySexuality– Encourage use of Encourage use of

male/female male/female clothing, cosmetics, clothing, cosmetics, hair styles to hair styles to maintain sexual maintain sexual identity.identity.

– Provide privacy to Provide privacy to couples expressing couples expressing intimacy needs, intimacy needs, knock before knock before entering entering

– Respond Respond appropriately to appropriately to resident who is resident who is masturbating, masturbating, (take resident to (take resident to room, don’t room, don’t shame or be shame or be judgmental.judgmental.

Ways to Assist Resident Ways to Assist Resident with Safety and Security with Safety and Security

NeedsNeeds

SafetySafety– Keep area safe and Keep area safe and

free of hazardsfree of hazards– Show residents how Show residents how

to do activities safelyto do activities safely– keep call light within keep call light within

reachreach– know how to do tasksknow how to do tasks– be alert to safety. be alert to safety.

Use TB and brakesUse TB and brakes

SecuritySecurity– respect residents respect residents

belongingsbelongings– orient resident to orient resident to

new surroundingsnew surroundings– reassure residentreassure resident– welcome family welcome family

and friendsand friends– provide privacy, provide privacy,

knock on doorsknock on doors

Ways to Assist Love and Ways to Assist Love and Belonging NeedsBelonging Needs

Caring about someoneCaring about someone– listen to resident, encourage talk of pastlisten to resident, encourage talk of past– show interest in residents familyshow interest in residents family– encourage contact with other residentsencourage contact with other residents– read social histories in resident chartsread social histories in resident charts– some residents may have significant some residents may have significant

others who are not family membersothers who are not family members– take time with resident, pay attentiontake time with resident, pay attention

Love and Belonging NeedsLove and Belonging Needs

Being cared aboutBeing cared about– Show interest in residentShow interest in resident– touch residents in a kind and gentle mannertouch residents in a kind and gentle manner– be kind and friendly to visitorsbe kind and friendly to visitors– inform family and residents of activities inform family and residents of activities

offeredoffered– be patient and understandingbe patient and understanding– treat residents as you would like to be treat residents as you would like to be

treatedtreated

Ways to Meet Self Esteem Ways to Meet Self Esteem NeedsNeeds

Sense of IdentitySense of Identity– call resident by preferred namecall resident by preferred name– include resident and family in include resident and family in

discussions concerning resident carediscussions concerning resident care– give and respect choices made by give and respect choices made by

residentsresidents– respect differences in culture, respect differences in culture,

heredity, interests and valuesheredity, interests and values

Meeting Self- Esteem Meeting Self- Esteem NeedsNeeds

Feeling Important, worthwhileFeeling Important, worthwhile– praise accomplishments of residentspraise accomplishments of residents– acknowledge residents at all timesacknowledge residents at all times– respect resident property respect resident property – talk to resident as an adulttalk to resident as an adult– encourage resident to do as much as encourage resident to do as much as

abble for themselvesabble for themselves– Give residents simple responsibilities and Give residents simple responsibilities and

tasks to feel importanttasks to feel important

Meeting Self- Actualization Meeting Self- Actualization NeedsNeeds

The extra’s in lifeThe extra’s in life– encourage hobbiesencourage hobbies– praise accomplishments and strengthspraise accomplishments and strengths

SpiritualitySpirituality– respect religious beliefsrespect religious beliefs– provide privacy for clergy visit.provide privacy for clergy visit.– Handle with care religious symbolsHandle with care religious symbols– refer clergy requests to Nurse in Chargerefer clergy requests to Nurse in Charge

Describe Developmental Describe Developmental TasksTasks

Theorists suggest that as one Theorists suggest that as one matures from infancy to old age, matures from infancy to old age, persons pass through several stages. persons pass through several stages. During each stage developmental During each stage developmental tasks must be accomplished in order tasks must be accomplished in order to mature in a healthy way. to mature in a healthy way. Developmental tasks are social, Developmental tasks are social, emotional, and psychological growth emotional, and psychological growth experiences. experiences.

Growth & DevelopmentGrowth & Development

Occurs in an orderly pattern simple Occurs in an orderly pattern simple to complex.to complex.

Is continuous from infancy to adultIs continuous from infancy to adult Affects all body partsAffects all body parts Rate varies from person to personRate varies from person to person Is a total process that affects Is a total process that affects

people, physically, mentally, people, physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually.emotionally, spiritually.

Early adulthood Early adulthood developmental tasksdevelopmental tasks

Age frame is from about late teens to Age frame is from about late teens to thirtythirty– establish personal and economic establish personal and economic

independenceindependence– forming a support group of friends and othersforming a support group of friends and others– developing work skills/careerdeveloping work skills/career– making a commitment in a relationshipmaking a commitment in a relationship– establishing a familyestablishing a family– managing optimal healthy lifestylesmanaging optimal healthy lifestyles

Middle Adulthood tasksMiddle Adulthood tasks

Age frame from about the thirties to the Age frame from about the thirties to the mid sixtiesmid sixties– expand personal and social involvement and expand personal and social involvement and

responsibilityresponsibility– adjusting to physiological and emotion adjusting to physiological and emotion

changeschanges– reaching and maintaining job satisfaction/ reaching and maintaining job satisfaction/

preparing for retirementpreparing for retirement– observing maturation of childrenobserving maturation of children– managing chronic health conditionsmanaging chronic health conditions

Late Adulthood TasksLate Adulthood Tasks

Age time frame Age time frame from mid sixties to from mid sixties to death. Aging is death. Aging is influenced by influenced by heredity, nutrition, heredity, nutrition, exercise, lifestyle exercise, lifestyle choices such as choices such as smoking, and life smoking, and life long adjustments long adjustments to change.to change.

Young-Old TasksYoung-Old Tasks

Age frame 65-74 yearsAge frame 65-74 years– If healthy may not experience ages from If healthy may not experience ages from

middle yearsmiddle years– beginning social and emotional adjustments beginning social and emotional adjustments

to decreasing physical strengths and changes to decreasing physical strengths and changes in body such as vision and hearing limitationsin body such as vision and hearing limitations

– adjusting to retirement with loss of job adjusting to retirement with loss of job related activitiesrelated activities

– adjusting to changing family roles with adjusting to changing family roles with children, spouse and grandchildrenchildren, spouse and grandchildren

Middle Old and Old- OldMiddle Old and Old- Old

Middle old, 75-84Middle old, 75-84– Adjusting to more Adjusting to more

chronic conditions, chronic conditions, such as arthritissuch as arthritis

– adjusting to losses adjusting to losses of abilities to drive of abilities to drive carcar

– losses of friends losses of friends and siblingsand siblings

– need to accept life’s need to accept life’s experiencesexperiences

Old-Old, 85 and olderOld-Old, 85 and older– Accept physical Accept physical

limitations and limitations and dependence on othersdependence on others

– acceptance of losses acceptance of losses (deaths and activities)(deaths and activities)

– acceptance to acceptance to alternate living alternate living conditions, such as conditions, such as assisted living or long assisted living or long term careterm care

Age Related ConditionsAge Related Conditions

Aging is a gradual Aging is a gradual process/ not illnessprocess/ not illness– Most residents have Most residents have

experienced some experienced some age related changes age related changes or illness since late or illness since late 40’s or early 50’s.40’s or early 50’s.

– Due to gradual Due to gradual changes and changes and adaptations most adaptations most conditions are not conditions are not considered problemsconsidered problems

– After age 75 After age 75 elderly average at elderly average at least 5 chronic least 5 chronic conditions that conditions that limit some limit some activities.activities.

Describe Normal Aging Describe Normal Aging

Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem– Skin, hair, nails, Skin, hair, nails,

sweat and oil sweat and oil glandsglands

Occurring changesOccurring changes– Skin becomes Skin becomes

fragile,tears easily, fragile,tears easily, loss of fatty tissueloss of fatty tissue

– hair thins and grayshair thins and grays– nails thicken and nails thicken and

hardenharden– less oil and less oil and

perspiration perspiration producedproduced

Describe Normal Aging Describe Normal Aging

Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem– Skin, hair, nails, Skin, hair, nails,

sweat and oil sweat and oil glandsglands

Occurring changesOccurring changes– Skin becomes Skin becomes

fragile,tears easily, fragile,tears easily, loss of fatty tissueloss of fatty tissue

– hair thins and grayshair thins and grays– nails thicken and nails thicken and

hardenharden– less oil and less oil and

perspiration perspiration producedproduced

Integumentary system Integumentary system

ResultsResults– skin is less resistant skin is less resistant

to injuryto injury– skin bruises easilyskin bruises easily– skin is drierskin is drier– skin is slow to healskin is slow to heal– body temperature body temperature

regulation is difficultregulation is difficult– decreased decreased

sensations occursensations occur

Nursing Assistant Nursing Assistant responsibilities:responsibilities:– use lotion and use lotion and

other skin care other skin care productsproducts

– prevent pressure prevent pressure areas and other areas and other injuriesinjuries

– select appropriate select appropriate clothing clothing

Musculo-Skeletal (bones Musculo-Skeletal (bones and muscles)and muscles)

ChangesChanges– bones become bones become

porous and brittleporous and brittle– muscles reduce in muscles reduce in

sizesize– joints and joints and

ligaments become ligaments become less flexibleless flexible

ResultsResults– muscles lose muscles lose

strengthstrength– fractures occurfractures occur– Range of Motion is Range of Motion is

decreaseddecreased NAR responsibilitiesNAR responsibilities

– encourage exercise encourage exercise and good nutritionand good nutrition

– balance activity and balance activity and restrest

Digestive (Stomach and Digestive (Stomach and Intestines)Intestines)

ChangesChanges– Slowing down of Slowing down of

systemsystem– decrease in tastedecrease in taste– saliva reducedsaliva reduced– teeth missing teeth missing

(poor fitting (poor fitting denture)denture)

ResultsResults– decrease in appetitedecrease in appetite– difficulty chewing difficulty chewing

and swallowingand swallowing– constipationconstipation

NAR responsibilities:NAR responsibilities:– watch for chokingwatch for choking– encourage fluids, encourage fluids,

small bites, and to small bites, and to eat slowereat slower

Circulatory (Heart -blood Circulatory (Heart -blood vessels)vessels)

ChangesChanges– heart does not heart does not

pump as pump as effectivelyeffectively

– blood vessels blood vessels become less become less elasticelastic

– heart disease is heart disease is common in elderlycommon in elderly

ResultsResults– tires easilytires easily– elevated blood elevated blood

pressurepressure– dizzy when dizzy when

changing positionschanging positions NAR responsibilitiesNAR responsibilities

– provide rest timesprovide rest times– encourage exerciseencourage exercise– change positionschange positions

RespiratoryRespiratory

ChangesChanges– decreased decreased

exchange of exchange of oxygen and oxygen and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

– lungs lose lungs lose elasticityelasticity

– cough reflex is cough reflex is weakweak

ResultsResults– deep breathing deep breathing

more difficultmore difficult– susceptible to susceptible to

infectionsinfections– tires easily and SOBtires easily and SOB

NAR NAR ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities– pace activitiespace activities– prevent infectionsprevent infections

Urinary ( Kidney - bladder)Urinary ( Kidney - bladder)

ChangesChanges– kidney function kidney function

reducedreduced– bladder elasticity bladder elasticity

lessenedlessened– females have females have

stress incontinencestress incontinence– males have males have

prostate prostate enlargementenlargement

ResultsResults– susceptible to UTI’ssusceptible to UTI’s– more urgent need to more urgent need to

voidvoid– difficulty and difficulty and

incontinence in incontinence in voidingvoiding

NAR responsibilitiesNAR responsibilities– encourage fluidsencourage fluids– follow B&B programfollow B&B program– good peri caregood peri care

Nervous SystemNervous System

ChangesChanges– nerve cells nerve cells

decrease in decrease in numbernumber

– blood flow to brain blood flow to brain is decreasedis decreased

– diseases may diseases may cause cause abnormalities and abnormalities and personality personality changeschanges

ResultsResults– slower reaction to slower reaction to

stimulistimuli– forgetfulnessforgetfulness

NAR responsibilitiesNAR responsibilities– Provide adequate Provide adequate

time to complete time to complete activitiesactivities

– be alert to safety be alert to safety needsneeds

Sensory (eyes and ears)Sensory (eyes and ears)

ChangesChanges– gradual slowing gradual slowing

down of all sensesdown of all senses– tears and earwax tears and earwax

reducedreduced

ResultsResults– reduced vision and reduced vision and

hearinghearing– eyes dry, irritatedeyes dry, irritated– impacted ear waximpacted ear wax– problems with glareproblems with glare

NAR responsibilitiesNAR responsibilities– speak clear, slowlyspeak clear, slowly– face residentface resident– be alert to safetybe alert to safety

Digestive (Stomach and Digestive (Stomach and Intestines)Intestines)

ChangesChanges– Slowing down of Slowing down of

systemsystem– decrease in tastedecrease in taste– saliva reducedsaliva reduced– teeth missing teeth missing

(poor fitting (poor fitting denture)denture)

ResultsResults– decrease in appetitedecrease in appetite– difficulty chewing difficulty chewing

and swallowingand swallowing– constipationconstipation

NAR responsibilities:NAR responsibilities:– watch for chokingwatch for choking– encourage fluids, encourage fluids,

small bites, and to small bites, and to eat slowereat slower

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Changes: Changes:

Females: Menstrual cycles ceases, Females: Menstrual cycles ceases, vaginal wall become thinner and driervaginal wall become thinner and drier

Males: scrotum is less firm, prostate Males: scrotum is less firm, prostate gland may enlarge.gland may enlarge.

NAR responsibility: Clean Perineums, NAR responsibility: Clean Perineums, watch for signs of infections.watch for signs of infections.

Endocrine system (glands)Endocrine system (glands)

Changes:Changes:– Less insulin produced, may result in Less insulin produced, may result in

diabetesdiabetes– Weight gain/lossWeight gain/loss– Increased feeling of nervousnessIncreased feeling of nervousness

Nar’s should report any behavior Nar’s should report any behavior or physical changes to nurse.or physical changes to nurse.

Describe Needs of FamilyDescribe Needs of Family

Definition of Family:Definition of Family:– Two or more people have chosen to Two or more people have chosen to

live together and share interest, roles, live together and share interest, roles, resources commitment and love.resources commitment and love.

Family emotions include, anxiety, Family emotions include, anxiety, fear, sadness, anger, relief, fear, sadness, anger, relief, confusionconfusion

ROLE of NARROLE of NAR

Nursing assistants need to Nursing assistants need to acknowledge family members, acknowledge family members, have a non judgmental attitude, be have a non judgmental attitude, be patient, be sensitive, quietly listen, patient, be sensitive, quietly listen, include family when appropriate in include family when appropriate in cares. BE PLEASANT!!!cares. BE PLEASANT!!!

RESPECT CULTURAL RESPECT CULTURAL DIVERSITYDIVERSITY

CLAS stands for culturally and CLAS stands for culturally and linguistically appropriate services.linguistically appropriate services.

Developed in 2000 by the Dept of Developed in 2000 by the Dept of health and human services.health and human services.

Clas focuses on health care Clas focuses on health care organizations, and also standards organizations, and also standards for how health care should be for how health care should be delivered.delivered.

Personal guidelinesPersonal guidelines

Think about your personal belief Think about your personal belief systemsystem

Examine how personal culture Examine how personal culture influences your own behaviorinfluences your own behavior

Don’t stereotypeDon’t stereotype Ask patients about their cultureAsk patients about their culture Attend staff development activities Attend staff development activities

and develop cultural awareness.and develop cultural awareness.

Cultural influencesCultural influences

Personal spacePersonal space– Some cultures will not permit members Some cultures will not permit members

of the opposite sex to provide caresof the opposite sex to provide cares– Some prefer distance during caresSome prefer distance during cares

Gestures/ eye contactGestures/ eye contact– Gestures may have different meaningsGestures may have different meanings– Eye contact may be offensiveEye contact may be offensive

Cultural InfluencesCultural Influences

Pain:Pain:– Some demonstrate pain by being very Some demonstrate pain by being very

emotionalemotional– Some view displays of pain as being weakSome view displays of pain as being weak

Personal hygiene:Personal hygiene:– Bathing may not be done routinely/ or Bathing may not be done routinely/ or

may be very frequentmay be very frequent– Women may not want body hair removedWomen may not want body hair removed

Cultural influencesCultural influences

Clothing:Clothing:– Men may cover their headsMen may cover their heads– Women may cover their heads and only Women may cover their heads and only

have face and hands in viewhave face and hands in view Health Practices:Health Practices:

– May want cultural remediesMay want cultural remedies– May want herbs, spices, teas or wrapsMay want herbs, spices, teas or wraps– Check to see if this interferes with Check to see if this interferes with

treatmenttreatment

Common Characteristics Common Characteristics of Normal Agingof Normal Aging

There are many There are many myths about myths about aging. A myth is aging. A myth is an unproven idea an unproven idea or belief such as or belief such as “old people can’t “old people can’t learn”.learn”.

Facts about AgingFacts about Aging

Aging is a natural process, begins at birthAging is a natural process, begins at birth basic needs of the elderly are the same as basic needs of the elderly are the same as

any age groupany age group Individuals age at different ratesIndividuals age at different rates aging process is influenced by lifestyle, aging process is influenced by lifestyle,

nutrition, wellness, mental and emotional nutrition, wellness, mental and emotional healthhealth

Most elderly live healthy, independent livesMost elderly live healthy, independent lives

Aging FactsAging Facts

Most elderly have satisfying Most elderly have satisfying relationships with family and friendsrelationships with family and friends

Most elderly enjoy retirementMost elderly enjoy retirement Many elderly are involved in Many elderly are involved in

community and volunteer workcommunity and volunteer work Many elderly have a deep sense of Many elderly have a deep sense of

spirituality and feeling of peacespirituality and feeling of peace Aging does not occur at a certain ageAging does not occur at a certain age

Home Health AideHome Health Aide

Unit TwoUnit Two

Basic Human NeedsBasic Human Needs

Basic Human NeedsBasic Human Needs

Objectives:Objectives:– Discuss Life Span Growth and Discuss Life Span Growth and

DevelopmentDevelopment– Discuss Family DynamicsDiscuss Family Dynamics– Define Family StressDefine Family Stress

Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

Growth:Growth:– Refers to physical Refers to physical

changes in the bodychanges in the body– growth begins at growth begins at

conception and conception and continues to full continues to full physical maturityphysical maturity

– Physical changes in Physical changes in adulthood are adulthood are influences by influences by nutrition, lifestyle, nutrition, lifestyle, etc.etc.

Development:Development:– Refers to social, Refers to social,

emotional, and emotional, and psychological psychological changes that occur changes that occur throughout life.throughout life.

– It’s influenced by It’s influenced by life experiences, life experiences, individual behaviorindividual behavior

– Moves from simple Moves from simple to complex.to complex.

FamilyFamily

A family is a group of people tied A family is a group of people tied together by common interests and together by common interests and concern about the well being and concern about the well being and needs of members. “Traditional needs of members. “Traditional Family” usually refers to a married Family” usually refers to a married man and women and children. Today man and women and children. Today there are many family units containing there are many family units containing single parents, extended families, and single parents, extended families, and groups of unrelated friends.groups of unrelated friends.

Family DynamicsFamily Dynamics

The way individuals The way individuals in a family relate to in a family relate to and interact with and interact with each other is known each other is known as family dynamicsas family dynamics– Each family has Each family has

individual needs.individual needs.– Families have their Families have their

own rules related to own rules related to how they operate as how they operate as a group.a group.

– Each person has a Each person has a role in the group, or role in the group, or several roles.several roles.

– Usually roles are Usually roles are learned from older learned from older family members. family members. There may not be a There may not be a role model for role model for healthy developmenthealthy development

– In a stressed family In a stressed family children may have an children may have an adult role.adult role.

Home Health AideHome Health Aide

HHA’s need to be HHA’s need to be aware of family aware of family dynamics and how dynamics and how it affects the client.it affects the client.

Some family Some family dynamics may not dynamics may not feel comfortable for feel comfortable for you. Discuss your you. Discuss your feelings with your feelings with your supervisor.supervisor.

Define Family StressDefine Family Stress

Family Stress occurs when one or more Family Stress occurs when one or more events or behaviors affects the normal events or behaviors affects the normal functioning of the family. Some events functioning of the family. Some events might include:might include:– Chemical dependency/ substance abuseChemical dependency/ substance abuse– Loss of income due to illness or Loss of income due to illness or

termination. This effects living termination. This effects living arrangements, nutritional need, insurance arrangements, nutritional need, insurance coverage, self esteem, everyday activities.coverage, self esteem, everyday activities.

Child AbuseChild Abuse

Child abuse is any Child abuse is any act that causes harm act that causes harm or pain to someone or pain to someone who is less then 18 who is less then 18 years old.years old.– Harm can be physical, Harm can be physical,

emotional, or sexual.emotional, or sexual.– Includes situations Includes situations

that pose a risk for that pose a risk for harmharm

Chronic IllnessesChronic Illnesses

Chronic illnesses Chronic illnesses are those diseases are those diseases that last for a long that last for a long time, often the time, often the remainder of life.remainder of life.– Places stress on Places stress on

entire family due to entire family due to loss of role in family loss of role in family unitunit

– Often places Often places financial stress.financial stress.

Developmental DisabilitiesDevelopmental Disabilities

Any condition which interferes with Any condition which interferes with normal growth and development is a normal growth and development is a disability.disability.– May interfere with the way a person May interfere with the way a person

speaks, learns, or completes ADL’sspeaks, learns, or completes ADL’s– Usually as a result of heredity, or birth Usually as a result of heredity, or birth

injury. (cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol,MR.)injury. (cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol,MR.)– Places stress on family due to health Places stress on family due to health

care costs and special services needed.care costs and special services needed.

Children's Response to Children's Response to Family StressFamily Stress

Children may not Children may not get adequate get adequate attention and attention and support for normal support for normal growth and growth and development.development.

Child may Child may withdraw or have withdraw or have untypical untypical behaviors.behaviors.

Child fears and Child fears and anxiety will anxiety will depend on age. depend on age. They may think a They may think a parent will leave parent will leave or never get or never get better.better.

Untypical BehaviorsUntypical Behaviors

Child may become Child may become over dependent on over dependent on others and others and demandingdemanding

May not follow May not follow normal routines, normal routines, such as nap time.such as nap time.

Regresses to earlier Regresses to earlier stage.(incontinent)stage.(incontinent)

Physical complaintsPhysical complaints