basic neuroanatomy ppt slides
DESCRIPTION
medicine preclinicTRANSCRIPT
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Basic AnatomyHairSCALPSkinConnective tissueAponeurotis (galea aponeurotica)Loose areolar connective tissuePericranium
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Basic AnatomySkullFrontal boneParietal boneTemporal bonePetrous partSquamous partMastoid partOccipital bone
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Basic AnatomyDura mater (not attach to arachnoid)Subdural space -bridging veinsArrachnoid membraneSubarrachnoid space : CSF, VesselsCSF : Shock absorber, immunological functionPia membraneBrain parenchyma
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6/7/12Basic AnatomyTentorium cerebelli Supratentorial compartment Infratentorial compartment
Uncal herniation Kernohans notch syndrome :hemiplegia and dilated pupil on the same side
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Basic AnatomyForebrain Frontal lobeParietal lobeTemporal lobeOccipital lobe Diencephalon
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Basic AnatomySurface anatomy
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Basic AnatomyMidbrain (mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
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Basic AnatomyCranial nerve = Brainstem except CN I and IIReticular activating system :midbrain and upper Pons
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Basic AnatomyCranial nerveCN III,IV :midbrainCN V: mid ponCN VI :pontomedullaryCN VII,VIII :CPACN IX-XII :Medulla
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Basic AnatomyBrainstemReticular nuclei influence direct by cortexPontine reticular formation : + extensor , - flexorMedullary reticular formation : - extensor, + flexorReceives input from cerebral hemisphereRole of voluntary responseRubral nuclei (red nucleus)Tegmentum of midbrain @ sup. Colliculus+ flexor movement in contralat. UE
Inhibit by higher center
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Basic AnatomyLesion at Red nucleiMidbrainDecerebrate (M2)
Lesion at above level ofred nuclei Decorticate (M3)
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Size of pupils depending on site of pathologyDepend onPupillary light reflexParasym /Sym Pupillary light reflex - Sym- Both sym and parasym-parasym
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Basic AnatomyImpairment of level of consciousnessFocal destruction in the reticular formationDiffuse lesion in both cerebral hemisphereBilateral diencephalon dysfunctionRule out metabolic cause
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Basic AnatomyCerebellum
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Basic AnatomyMotor system : Pyramidal tractCortico-spinal tractCortex : precentral gyrusCorona radiataPosterior limb of internal capsuleCerebral peduncle
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Basic AnatomyPyramidal decussation at caudal third of medullaLateral cortico-spinal tractLE : lateral UE : MedialUncrossed : ventral cortico-spinal tract
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Basic Anatomy
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6/7/12Sensory level assessmentPain-temp Lateral Spinothalamic tractLight ( Crude ) touch anterior cord Ventral spinothalamic tractProprioception/joint position sense, discriminative touchposterior column medial lemniscusCrossed at Lower medulla
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Basic Anatomy
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Basic AnatomyBrainstem reflexPupillary light reflexCorneal reflexOculocephalic reflex (dolls eye)Oculovestibular reflex (cold water calorics test)Oropharyngeal reflex (gag)Cough response
ReflexPeripheral reflexBarbinskiClonus
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