basic parts of the plant roots stems leaves flower
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Parts of the Plant
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Flower
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Roots
• 1. Anchor Plant
• 2. Absorb water and minerals
• 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem
• 4. Store Food
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Stems
• 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves
• 2. Support the leaves and display them to light
• 3. Store Food
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Leaves
• 1. Make food through photosynthesis
• 2. Provide site of gas exchange
• 3. Store food
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Flowers
• 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production
• 2. Produce seeds and fruit
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Different type of Roots
• A. Tap Root–Continuation of the primary root–Ideal for anchorage–Penetration is greater for water–Storage area for food made by
photosynthesis
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ARE YOU PAYING ATTENTION?
• THERE JUST MAY BE A QUIZ!!!
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Different type of Roots
• B. Fibrous Roots– Many finely branched secondary roots– Shallow roots cover a large area
•More effective absorption of water and minerals
•Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion
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Different type of Roots
• C. Aerial roots– Clinging air roots
•Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems
•Roots that fasten the plant to a support
– Absorptive air roots
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Different type of Roots
• Adventitious Roots
–Develop in places other than nodes
–Can form on cuttings and rhizomes
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Roots
• Root hairs: – Tiny one celled hair like extensions
of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots where vascular tissues have formed.
– Increase surface area– Absorb water and minerals from soil
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Specialized Stems
• A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus)
– underground
–Solid, fleshy, scale covered
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WAKE UP!!!!!!!!!!!!
• DON’T FALL ASLEEP
• PAY ATTENTION!
• THIS MEANS YOU!!!
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Specialized Stems
• B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)
–Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other
–Underground stem
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Specialized Stems
• C. Tuber (potato, caladium)
–Food storage area
–Short, thick underground stem
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Specialized Stems
• D. Crown (African Violets, fern)
–Closely grouped stems or plantlets
–Just above ground or just below
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Specialized Stems
• E. Spurs (pear and apple trees)
–Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits
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Specialized Stems
• F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley)
–Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground
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Specialized Stems
• G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant)
–Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface
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Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis–Cuticle
•Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems
•Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants
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Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)–Stomata
•Openings in the epidermis mainly located on underside of leaves
•Exchange of gases
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Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)
–Guard Cells
•Two cells located on each side of stomata
•Open and closes stomata
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Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Mesophyll layer– Palisade mesophyll
•Primary site of photosynthesis– Spongy mesophyll
•Contains air and chloroplasts•Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange
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Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Veins or vascular bundles– In spongy mesophyll– Phloem tissues conduct food from
photosynthesis to rest of plant– Xylem tissues conduct water and
minerals up to cells in leaves and stems
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Parts of the Flower
• Sepals
–Outer covering of the flower bud
–Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is in bud stage
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Parts of the Flower
• Petals
–Brightly colored
–Protects stamen and pistills
–Attracts pollinating insects
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Parts of the Flower
• Stamens
–Male Reproductive part
–Anther-produces pollen
–Filament-supports the anther
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Parts of the Flower
• Pistil– Female reproductive part– Ovary
•Enlarged portion at base of pistill•Produces ovules which develop into seeds
– Stigma•Holds the pollen grains
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Parts of the Flower
• Style
–Connects the stigma with ovary
–Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated
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Complete and Incomplete Flowers
• Complete: have all four main parts–Sepals–Petals–Stamens–Pistils