basic pharmacology hamza
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Hamza Hemal
Radiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Brand Name
•Trade name
•Given by the Manufacturer company
•To distinguish products from each other.
Example:
ACOS (Radiant)
ZIMAX ( Square)
Generic Name
Official medical name for the active
ingredient of the medicine.
Example:
Azithromycin
Esomeprazole
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API
• Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
• Any component that provides
pharmacological activity
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Dosage Form
• A dosage form is the physical form in
which a drug is produced and dispensed.
• Example:
– Tablet,
– Capsule,
– PFS (Powder for Suspension)
– Injection
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Strength
Amount of the active ingredient is present in
each dosage.
Example:
500mg Tablet
200mg/5ml PFS
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Brand Name
Generic Name
Strength
Dosage
Form
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COGS
• Cost of Goods sold
• Raw material + Packaging Material + Utility cost
+ Per head cost
TP
•Trade Price
•COGS + Profit
Invoice Price
TP+ VAT
MRP
Maximum Retail Price
TP+ VAT+ Chemist ProfitHamza
Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
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Bioavailability
• Amount of drug that present in blood after
administration.
• INTRAVENOUS Route- Bioavaiability 100%
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Peak Plasma concentration, Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration of the drug
achieved in blood after a dose
Tmax
The time when the
maximum plasma
concentration (Cmax) is
reached.
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Plasma half life/
Elimination Half Life, T1/2
Time necessary for the drug to be reduced to
half of its plasma concentration
T1/2
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Area Under the Curve (AUC)
The area under the plot of plasma concentration of
drug against time after drug administration.
MEC
• Minimum Effective Concentration
• The smallest concentration of a drug that will
induce the desired pharmacological effect
MIC
• Minimum inhibitory concentration
• MIC is defined as the minimum
concentration of antibiotic which will inhibit
the growth of the microorganism
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First pass effect/ First pass metabolism
The removal of a drug by the liver, before the drug has become available for use, is called the first pass effect.
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Tendency of a drug to combine with receptor
Efficacy
Power or capacity to produce a desired effect
Potency
Amount of drug required to produce a particular
response
Affinity:
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Therapeutic dose
The dose that may be required to produce a
desired effect.
Sub Therapeutic dose
Indicating a dosage of a drug, less than the amount
required for a therapeutic effect.
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Bactericidal
Antibiotic that kills the
bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Antibiotics that inhibit the growth or reproduction of
bacteria
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