basic physical examination of horses chapter #5 lacp
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Physical Examination of Horses Chapter #5 LACP
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Examination of Horses• The history and physical examination are the most important
part of the database and serve as the starting point for identifying the patient’s problems
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History• History• Coach the client- • Individual –food and water source, feeding practices• Management of the entire group • Environmental stresses- pasture management, new animals• Prior treatments- other veterinarians, or self medications/treatments• Do not pass judgment
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Physical Examination
• Physical examination• Baseline• Potential problems
• Insurance examination• Required
• Prepurchase examination• Used in the sale of horses• It is not a guarantee of horses future performance
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Physical examination
• There are several types of physical examinations for equines• Insurance examination is required by the
insurance company before a horse can receive insurance coverage• Prepurchase examination, conducted before
completing the sale of an animal, the veterinarian performing the examination is presumed to be working in the buyer’s best interest
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Basic Physical Exam
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Visual Observation• Observe the animal from a distance • Gait• Posture• Hair coat• Behavior• Breathing pattern • Respiratory noises• Body swellings• Skin wound• Etc.
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Observation From a Distance
Behavior• Individual differences• Affected by illness/pain• Depending on environment, changes
throughout the day• Eating, drinking• Feces, urine
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Body Condition Scoring The Ideal Body Condition Score is between 5 and 6-1/21. PoorAnimal extremely emaciated; spinous processes, ribs, tailhead,tuber coxae (hip joints), and ischia (lower pelvic bones)projecting prominently; bone structure of withers, shoulders,and neck easily noticeable; no fatty tissue can be felt.2. Very ThinAnimal emaciated; slight fat covering over base of spinousprocesses, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae feelrounded; spinous processes, ribs, tailhead, tuber coxae (hipjoints) and ischia (lower pelvic bones) prominent; withers,shoulders, and neck structure faintly discernable.3. ThinFat buildup about halfway on spinous processes; transverseprocesses cannot be felt; slight fat cover over ribs; spinousprocesses and ribs easily discernable; tailhead prominent, butindividual vertebrae cannot be identified visually; tuber coxae(hip joints), appear rounded but easily discernable;tuber ischia (lower pelvic bones) not distinguishable; withers,shoulders and neck accentuated.
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Body Condition Scoring 4. Moderately Thin Slight ridge along back; faint outline of ribs discernible; tailhead prominence depends onconformation, fat can be felt around it; tuber coxae (hip joints) not discernable; withers, shouldersand neck not obviously thin. 5. Moderate Back is flat (no crease or ridge); ribs not visually distinguishable but easily felt; fat around tailheadbeginning to feel spongy; withers appear rounded over spinous processes; shoulders and neckblend smoothly into body. 6. Moderately Fleshy May have slight crease down back; fat over ribs spongy; fat around tailhead soft; fat beginning tobe deposited along the side of withers, behind shoulders, and along sides of neck. 7. Fleshy May have slight crease down back; individual ribs can be felt, but noticeable filling between ribswith fat; fat around tailhead soft; fat deposited along withers, behind shoulders,and along neck. 8. FatCrease down back; difficult to feel ribs, fat around tailhead very soft; fat area along withers filledwith fat, area behind shoulder filled with fat, noticeable thickening of neck; fat deposited alonginner thighs. 9. Extremely Fat Obvious crease down back; patchy fat appearing over ribs, bulging fat around tailhead; alongwithers, behind shoulders and along neck, fat along inner thighs may rub together; flank filledwith fat.Courtesy of Purina Mills
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Attitude
Depressed attitude:• Pain• Weakness• Cerebral dysfunction
Abnormal behavior:• Pain• Cerebral dysfunction
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• The basic physical examination usually includes temperature/pulse/respiration (TPR) heart/lung auscultation, abdominal auscultation, hydratation status, examination of mucous membranes, and height/weight measurement
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Normal values- Adults (p. 149)Body temperature- normal adult at rest: 99.0-101.5°F —varies by age, breed, environmental temperature Pulse rate/heart rate- normal adult at rest: 28-44 bpm —varies by age, fitness level, 2° A-V blockRespiratory rate- normal adult at rest: 6-12 breaths per minute —varies by age, environmental temperature
Gastrointestinal motility (p. 130) normal adult at rest: 1-3 borborygmi per minute
Borborygmus- rumbling or gurgling noises produced by movement of gas in the alimentary canal and audible at a distance
Pink gums6-10 piles of well formed manure per 24 hours
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Normal Neonate
• Temperature 99-102F• HR 80-120• RR 20-40• Pink gums• Nursing 4-6 times per hour• Fecal output 2-4 piles per day, pasty
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Equine weight measuring
tapes
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Pull the tape so that is it snug and not tight around the horse’s girth.
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Read the number that meets the “weight arrow” end of your weight tape, this is the animal’s weight in lbs.
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• Page 487 CVTV
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The height of a horse is measured from the point of the withers to the ground.
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Measuring height. A, Proper position for the height/weight tape for
measuring height. B, Height is read at the highest point of the withers
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Physical Examination
• By system• Always use the same approach• Record your findings• Look at “the whole picture”
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Body temperature
• Temperature is almost always taken rectally using a standard mercury thermometer or a digital thermometer for large animals
Look Familiar?
99-101.5
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When inserting rectal thermometer, stand facing
caudally and maintain contact with the horse
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Never stand directly in back of the horse’s rear end.
Grasp the tail at the base and move it gently to the side