simple and fast imaging modality ready for everyday clinical use.

References

1. Feigenbaum H. Echocardiography, Sixth ed. Lea and Febiger, Malvern, PA. 2009.

2. Abbas AE, Fortuin FD, Schiller NB, et al. A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascularresistance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1021–1027.

3. Nagueh SF, Middleton KJ, Kopelen HA, et al. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation ofleft ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:1527–1533.

4. Stamm RB, Martin RP. Quantification of pressure gradients across stenotic valves by Doppler ultrasound. J AmColl Cardiol 1983;2:707–718.

5. Yock PG, Popp RL. Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound inpatients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation 1984;70:657–662.

6. Quinones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, et al. Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography:a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of theAmerican Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:167–184.

7. Yoganathan AP, Cape EG, Sung HW, et al. Review of hydrodynamic principles for the cardiologist: applicationsto the study of blood flow and jets by imaging techniques. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:1344–1353.

8. Teichholz LE, Kreulen T, Herman MV, Gorlin R. Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations:echocardio- graphic-angiographic correlations in the presence of absence of asynergy. Am J Cardiol 1976;37:7-11.

9. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, Picard MH, Roman MJ, SewardJ, Shanewise J, Solomon S, Spencer KT, St John Sutton M, Stewart W; American Society of Echocardiography'sNomenclature and Standards Committee; Task Force on Chamber Quantification; American College of CardiologyEchocardiography Committee; American Heart Association; European Association of Echocardiography,European Society of Cardiology. Recommendations for chamber quantification. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2006Mar;7(2):79-108.

10. Lang RM, Badano LP, Tsang W, Adams DH, Agricola E, Buck T, Faletra FF, Franke A, Hung J, de Isla LP,Kamp O, Kasprzak JD, Lancellotti P, Marwick TH, McCulloch ML, Monaghan MJ, Nihoyannopoulos P, PandianNG, Pellikka PA, Pepi M, Roberson DA, Shernan SK, Shirali GS, Sugeng L, Ten Cate FJ, Vannan MA,Zamorano JL, Zoghbi WA; American Society of Echocardiography; European Association of Echocardiography.EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography. EurHeart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Jan;13(1):1-46.

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Category: Doppler physics

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