basic principles of phlebotomy part iii: safety & equipment cls 424 phlebotomy student lab...
TRANSCRIPT
Basic Principles of Phlebotomy Part III:Safety & Equipment
CLS 424 Phlebotomy
Student Lab Rotation
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Safety Practices:
For infection to spread:
1. Infectious substance: HBV, HCV, HIV
2. Mode of transmission
3. Susceptible host
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Modes of Transmission:
• Parenteral: any route other than the digestive tract– Intramuscular– Intravenous– Subcutaneous– Mucosal
• Ingestion
Non-intact skin: chapped hands, cuts, cuticles
Percutaneous: needles, sharps
Permucosal: mouth, nose, eyes
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Safety Practices:
Infection Control: stop the spread of infection
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Safety: Infection Control• Hand washing
– Primary means of preventing spread of infection (especially nosocomial)
– Minimum 15 seconds, soap, friction– Wash hands before and after each blood draw
• PPE– Lab coat– Gloves– Mask
• Standard precautions at all times
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Safety: Engineering Controls
• PPE• Sharps containers• Safer medical devices
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Safer Medical Devices:
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Equipment:
1. PPE: gloves, lab coat, mask
2. Cleaning agent– Alcohol pads: routine– Povidone iodine: blood culture collection and
blood gases– Soap and water: alcohol testing, allergies
3. Cotton balls, gauze
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Equipment: 4. Bandage, tape (use caution with children)
5. Sharps container: – Discard needles,
lancets– Biohazard marking– Puncture resistant
– NEVER recap, bendbreak needles
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Equipment:
6. Tourniquets:– Slows venous blood flow down– Causes veins to become more prominent– NEVER leave on for >1 minute – AVOID rigorous fist clenching or hand
pumping (potassium, lactic acid, LD)– Latex allergy
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Tying on the Tourniquet:
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Equipment:
7. Needles– NEVER reuse a needle– NEVER use if shield is broken– NEVER recap, cut, bend or break
– Drop immediately into sharps container after venipuncture
– Size of needle is indicated by gauge:• Larger gauge number indicates smaller needle diameter• 21, 23 gauge needles routinely used for phlebotomy
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Needles:
Used with syringe system Used with vacutainer system
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Multi-sample Needle:
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Butterfly Needle:
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Butterfly Needle:• Most often used with
syringe
• Expensive, thus not used for routine draws
• Used for small, fragile veins
• Increased risk of needle stick injury
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Equipment:
8. Tube holder/
vacutainer adapter
– Threaded– Flanges
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Equipment:
9. Syringe
10. Black
water proof
pen
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Syringe Safety Device:
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Labeling Blood Collection Tubes:
• Black indelible marker (water proof)– Never pencil– Legal document– Print legibly
• Required information: 5 items– Patient name– Identification number– Date of draw (mm,dd,yyyy)– Time of draw (military time)– Phlebotomist signature: first initial, last name
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Vacutainer or Syringe?
• Vacutainer– Most often used– Most economical– Quick– Least risk of accidental needle stick
• Syringe– More control– Reposition easily– Will see ‘flash’ of blood in syringe hub when
vein successfully entered