basic referee 8/1/20071 basic referee course regional referee badge required for u9 and above...
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Basic Referee 8/1/2007 1
Basic Referee CourseBasic Referee Course
Regional referee badge Required for U9 and above Includes Safe Haven Referee No prerequisites
Requirements: Register for course Attend course Sign roster + eAYSO pre-reg. Pass tests Signed volunteer application Field clinic (recommended)
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Basic Referee CourseBasic Referee Course *** Opening Remarks (Introductions & Housekeeping) (15 min.) *** Module 1 Safe Haven Certification (40 min.) [video][test] Module 2 The Game of Soccer (10 min.) Module 3 Pre-game Preparation (15 min.) [video] Module 4 Starting the Game (10 min.) Module 5 Stopping Play (15 min.) Module 11 Post Game (10 min.) [video] Module 6 Ref/AR Mechanics & Restarting Play (1:45 hr.) [video][field][class] *** Lunch Served (30 min.) *** Module 8 Misconduct (15 min.) Module 7 Fouls (45 min.) [video] Module 9 Offside – Introduction (15 min.) *** Break (5 min. *** Review - Referee and Assistant Referee Mechanics (10 min.) Review - Restarts (20 min.) *** Basic Referee Test and Review (45 min.) *** Module 9 Offside – Examples (30 min.) [The Soccer Tutor] Module 12 Referee Support & Review (10 min.) Field Positioning Clinic (45 min.) [field]
—Agenda —
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Basic Referee Course IntroBasic Referee Course Intro 3 min.
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Why Are You Here?Why Are You Here?
Top Reasons: I need the money My spouse signed me up If I don’t do it my kids can’t play Youth Referee Benefits
Whatever your reason for being here — Let’s make it an enjoyable learning experience!
Community service - Yes Earn registration fees - Yes Earn referee points for team - Yes
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ModuleModule 1
Audio Version Standard Version Test
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The Game of SoccerThe Game of Soccer
Module
2
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““Soccer For Dummies”Soccer For Dummies” Soccer is
a game played by two opposing teams, in two halves of equal time, with a spherical ball, on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.
The object of the game is to get the ball entirely over your opponents’ goal line and inside their goal, without using your hands or arms.
After the kick-off, play is continuous until either: The ball entirely leaves the field of play, or The referee blows the whistle.
Play is restarted fairly based on why it was stopped.
The referee’s job is to keep the game
— SAFE, FAIR and FUN for everyone. §…
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History of the GameHistory of the Game
Known as “Association Football”
Historical Roots — Kicking an “object” from one goal to another goal.
Modern Game — LOTG written in 1863 at a meeting in Fleet Street, London.
FIFA was created in Paris in 1904 and moved to Zurich in 1974.
AYSO games are played in accordance with FIFA Laws and AYSO Rules & Regulations.§ (Our special rules all fit under FIFA’s exceptions for youth soccer)
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Spirit of the GameSpirit of the Game Over-riding philosophy — “Spirit of Fair Play”
If ball leaves the field, the other team gets to restart. (throw-in, goal kick or corner kick)
For infringements of the Law opponents receive a free kick (direct free kick, indirect free kick or penalty kick)
In the extreme, but only if necessary, a caution or send-off.
Game should be SAFE, FAIR and FUN. § Referee has full authority to enforce the LOTG
Referee’s degree of discretion is fundamental and unique. Authority to stop, suspend, or terminate, at his/her discretion.
Game is meant to flow continuously Played with as little interference as possible, Stops only if ball completely leaves the field, or Referee blows the whistle
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Spirit of the GameSpirit of the Game (Rules & Regs)
National Rules & Regulations “The Laws of the Game are intended to provide that
games should be played with as little interference as possible, and in this view it is the duty of the referee to penalize only deliberate breaches of the Law”.
“Constant whistling for trifling and doubtful breaches produces bad feelings and loss of temper on the part of the players and spoils the pleasure of spectators”.
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Philosophy of RefereeingPhilosophy of Refereeing
Be a friendly “aunt or uncle” not a policeman.
Maintain a fun learning environment. Know, understand and apply the rules.
— Always use common sense — You must see an infraction to punish it. The need to caution or send-off a young
player is extremely rare and can usually be avoided.
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Small-sided PlaySmall-sided Play
Smaller fields mean more games.
More touches on the ball.
Faster skill development.
Must check local rules Number of players Field sizes and markings Special rules
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Dealing with Young PlayersDealing with Young Players
Positive Coaching is Mandatory
Positive – Instructional – Encouraging §
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Age Specific IssuesAge Specific Issues
U-6 very simple rules — just fun
U-8 simple rules — start learning game
U-9/10 the whole game — control parents
U-12 skills better — parents better
U-14 hormones kick in — control is key
U-16 better be in shape — fouls galore
U-19 a little easier — if you can keep up
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ReviewReview
Soccer is a game with a long & interesting history. Underlying “Spirit of the Game” is Fairness. AYSO is based on five key philosophies. We want a SAFE, FAIR and FUN environment. § No Tobacco or Alcohol permitted. §
“AYSO Team” must work together for the kids. Referee should be a “Friendly Authority.” Referee must understand and adjust to age
differences.
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ConfirmationConfirmation
Name the 3 elements of positive coaching (PIE)? § A coach may smoke if the players cannot see it? If a member of the AYSO team does not support
the team who gets hurt? The main focus of the “spirit of the game” is? A young player who misbehaves must be publicly
disciplined as an example?
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Wrap-upWrap-up
Each game is a learning opportunity for the players, coaches, parents and referees. Take advantage of it.
…... Applause
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Pre-game PreparationPre-game Preparation
Module
3
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Pre-game PreparationPre-game Preparation5 min.
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Field IssuesField Issues
The coaches’ area is an important aid in reducing sideline problems. Coaches’ Area exists even if not marked Mark one if necessary (use cones or bags)
AYSO fields may not be perfect. goal posts, nets, corner
flags, lines, coaches’ area, holes, water, mud, debris,
sprinkler heads. Use common sense
play the game if it’s safe.
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Ball IssuesBall Issues
The referee is responsible for securing and approving a proper ball for the match The home team is generally responsible for providing
game balls, and has the right to do so. (May need backup balls on some fields)
Check the number on the ball, don’t guess. (See lineup card or AYSO LOTG for the correct sizes)
Smooth, no loose panels, rotates evenly when tossed, most colors are okay
Not too hard or too soft – depress ¼ inch
Regional or competition policies concerning the game ball may vary
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Uniform & Safety IssuesUniform & Safety Issues Players must have the required equipment (5 items)
(shirt, shorts, shinguards, socks and shoes). All players on a team, except the goalkeeper, should
have the same uniforms. Teams and goalkeepers must be reasonably
distinguishable from each other. (Home team must change). § Goalkeepers must be distinguishable from the referee. § Socks must be put on over and completely cover the
shinguards. Allowed: prescription glasses, medical alert bracelets
and knee braces, unless they are clearly unsafe. Not allowed: jewelry, casts or splints, hats with hard
bills. Nothing dangerous is allowed.
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Game Cards … One from each Team
Team
Game Score
Referee Report
Player
Participation
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Referee Pre-game ChecklistReferee Pre-game Checklist
Arrive: ½ hour early, properly dressed, warm-up,smile, be prepared to have FUN.
Bring: uniform, badge, coin, whistle, flags, law book, Rules & Regs, watch, pencil, pad, shoes.
Referees: shake hands, review responsibilities.
Coaches: shake hands, get game cards, #subs. (AYSO team)
Field: check goal posts, nets, holes, water, mud, debris,sprinkler heads, lines, coaches’ area, corner flags.
Players: check for: safe shoes, shinguards, socks, jewelry, uniform colors, goalkeeper colors, hats, shoes tied properly, shirts tucked in.
Ball: obtain and inspect the game ball.
Start: conduct coin toss.
Read this checklist before leaving for every game!
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ConfirmationConfirmation What would you do if a child says that a soft
friendship bracelet cannot be removed? What would you do if a player is wearing a cast
that is wrapped in ½” closed-cell, slow-recovery foam with no hard edges showing?
Why is the coaches’ area required by AYSO? Which is worse, a ball that is too hard, or too soft? What are the two most important thing to consider
when deciding if a field is playable?
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Wrap-upWrap-up
A referee who comes to the field on time, prepared, and with a positive attitude, has a much better chance of enjoying the experience.
…... Applause
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Starting the GameStarting the Game
Module
4
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Coin TossCoin Toss
Don’t forget to bring a coin! Visiting team gets to make the call. Winner chooses end of field to start on. Loser kicks off to start game. At the start of the 2nd half.
Teams switch ends of the field. Team that didn’t kick off to start the game, kicks
off to start the 2nd half. Kick-off is in the same direction as the 1st half
kick-off.
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Players and SubstitutesPlayers and Substitutes
In full-sided games each team must have at least 7 and no more than 11 players*.
On the lineup card. Mark any players who are missing or unable to
play, and any who later become injured. Mark substitutes on the lineup card.
Count players on the field before the kick-off. Notify coach if any player is playing less than
the minimum playing time.* (Report if not corrected).
* Check local rules for team sizes and minimum playing times.
* Check the LOTG or lineup card for small sided games.
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The Kick-offThe Kick-off Ball stationary and all
players in their own half. Opposing players
outside the center circle. Ball must be kicked
forward.
Note: The kick-off will be covered in detail later
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Keeping TimeKeeping Time Referee is the official timekeeper.
The game is played in two halves of equal time. —See times on the lineup card — start clock when ball is in play.
Time starts with the opening kick-off, and runs § continuously except for substitutions and half-time*.
Referee allows substitutions approximately midway through each half. —Usually when play is already stopped.
Referee may add time lost by excessive time wasting, injuries, or unavoidable occurrences*.
* Check local competition rules
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ConfirmationConfirmation
Who kicks off to start the game? What is the minimum number of players on
a full sized team? When is the clock started? §
When is the game over? When is the clock stopped?
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Wrap-upWrap-up
The best way to start a game is — on time —
…... Applause
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Stopping PlayStopping Play
Module
5
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Ball In/out of Play Ball In/out of Play §
Lines are part of the areas they enclose.
Touch lines and goal lines are part of the field. (Boundary lines).
Ball is out of play when it wholly crosses a touch line or a goal line, on the ground or in the air.
Only D is out of play. The ball’s position determines whether it is in or
out of play, not the player’s position.
Restarts are covered later
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Goal ScoredGoal Scored
Goal lines are part of the field.
The ball’s position determines if it is a goal, not the goalkeeper’s position.
A goal is scored when the ball entirely crosses the goal line, on the ground or in the air, under the crossbar and between the goalposts. §
Only D is a goal.
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Injury or Outside InterferenceInjury or Outside Interference
Take immediate action. (Use common sense).
Injury prevention- be safety conscious - move location- correct problems - cancel if necessary- modify activity or rules - report problems.
Bleeding playermust leave field until bleeding is stopped, wound is covered and any blood on clothing is disinfected.
Outside interferencestop if it is unsafe, unfair, or unsporting behavior.
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SubstitutionsSubstitutions Made at approximately the middle of each half,
at half-time, or for injuries. (4 times).
Must be made as quickly as possible. Try to stop when ball is out of play. Mark substitutes on the lineup card. Inform coach if a player is not playing the
minimum time. (Must report if not corrected).
Restart based on why play was stopped. With the referees prior permission, any player
on the field may switch with the goalkeeper. § (the ball must be out of play)
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Injuries (Stopping Play)(Stopping Play)
Referee may stop at any time for an injury. § Referee may wait if injury is not serious and the
player is in no danger. If a coach or any other adult enters the field, the
injured player must leave the field. May substitute for the player. §
Player may not return until the next regular substitution time. May play down one player. §
Injured player may return at any time with the referee’s permission.
No one is allowed to enter the field without the referees prior permission.
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End of Half or Game End of Half or Game (Stopping Play)(Stopping Play)
Referee signals the end of each half when regulation time and any stoppage time* for that half has expired.
The half or game ends when the referee decides that time has expired.
Stoppage time should be added only for unusual delays, for example, serious injury, excessive time wasting, or a long delay caused by outside interference.* * Local rules vary concerning stoppage time. §
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Fouls or Misconduct Fouls or Misconduct (Stopping Play)(Stopping Play)
The referee blows the whistle to stop play if a foul or misconduct occurs.
The referee may blow the whistle immediately, or chose to wait until the ball is out of play to penalize misconduct.
If play is stopped, the restart is a free kick to the opposing team.
If the referee blows the whistle, even accidentally, play stops immediately and must be restarted appropriately. § (don’t run with the whistle in your mouth)
Note: In the lower divisions the primary consideration for stopping play to award a free kick is whether the act caused danger to or lessened the enjoyment of any of the participants.
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ConfirmationConfirmation
When should the referee stop the game for an apparent injury?
When is the ball out of play? When can substitutions be made?
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Wrap-upWrap-up
The game is meant to be played with as little interference as possible.
When stopping a game use common sense and consider the age and experience of the players.
…... Applause
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Post GamePost Game
Module
11
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Post-game Duties½ min.
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Collect the BallCollect the Ball
Referee is responsible for making sure that the game ball is returned to the proper person or place.
The official closest to the ball should retrieve and return it to proper person or place or to the referee.
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Supervise Post Game CeremonySupervise Post Game Ceremony
Officials should supervise the team handshake and any other normal post game ceremony.
Players may need to be encouraged to show good sportsmanship at this time.
Officials must continue to act as good role models.
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Complete Game ReportComplete Game Report
Referee should complete the lineup card and any other required reports after supervising the handshake ceremony.
Make sure all officials concur on the score. Be sure to report any safety issues,
misconduct and sideline problems accurately and in detail.
Deliver your report to the designated person or place promptly.
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Post-game ConferencePost-game Conference
Referees should conduct a brief post game conference with their assistants.
This is the best time for positive feedback in both directions.
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ConfirmationConfirmation
Teams always take care of their game ball?
Why bother sending in a report, nobody reads them anyway?
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Wrap-upWrap-up
On-going education will increase understanding, build confidence and earn respect.
…... Applause
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Restarting PlayRestarting Play
Module
6
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Restarts – Ball Leaves Field10 min.
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General Rules for RestartsGeneral Rules for Restarts
Restarts are to be made without any interference or distraction by opponents.
Opponents must stay a safe and fair distance away.
Except for a dropped ball, the player taking a restart may not touch the ball again until it touches another player. (IFK to opponents). §
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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Restarts Restarts (On the field)(On the field)
Field (105 minutes) Referee & AR Mechanics (Signaling) Area A: TI — Area B: GK,CK & PK — Area C: KO,DFK,IFK & DB
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The Kick-offThe Kick-off Ball is stationary and all
players are in their own half. Opposing players must be
outside the center circle. Referee checks positions
then signals start. (Whistle)
Ball must be kicked forward.
Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward. If not taken correctly, the kick-off is retaken. Kicker may not touch the ball again until it touches
another player. (IFK is awarded to opponents) A goal can be scored directly from a kick-off.
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Throw-inThrow-in
Thrower must —. § Face the field of play. Have part of each foot —.
Touching the ground, and On or behind the touchline.
Must use both hands to throw the ball from behind and over the head.
Ball is in play when released and any portion is on or over the outside edge of the touch line.
Opponents at least 2 yards from thrower. A goal may not be scored from a throw-in.
Taken when ball goes over the touch-line. (All general restart rules apply)No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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Goal KickGoal Kick
Taken from anywhere in the goal area. Lines are part of the
area they enclose.
Taken when ball goes over goal line last touched by attacking team. (All general restart rules apply)
Opponents must leave the penalty area. Ball is in play when it leaves penalty area. A goal may be scored directly, but only
against opponents.
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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Corner KickCorner Kick
Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves. Can score directly into opponents’ goal.
Taken when ball goes over goal line last touched by defending team. (All general restart rules apply)
Ball is placed in the corner area on the side where it left the field. Lines are part of the
area. Only E is incorrect Player cannot move flag
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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Free KickFree Kick
Direct (DFK) or indirect (IFK) IFK – cannot score until the ball touches another player §
(Referee holds up arm until ball is touched or leaves the field.)
Taken from the place where the infringement occurred, or in certain cases where the ball was when play was stopped.‡
Opponents must be at least 10 yards* from the ball. (* Subject to small-sided & goal area issues.)
Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.(If taken inside ones’ own penalty area it must leave the area.)
(All general restart rules apply)No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
‡ A free kick awarded inside the goal area is moved out to the nearest point on the goal area line parallel to the goal line.
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Free Kicks in the Goal Area
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Penalty KickPenalty Kick
All players except GK and kicker must be: Behind the ball Outside penalty area At least 10 yards from
ball (outside arc)
Taken when a DFK foul is committed by a defender in their own penalty area. (All general restart rules apply)
Only A & B are in correct positions. Goalkeeper may move laterally along goal line. Referee signals (whistle) when players are ready. Retaken or IFK if not taken correctly. (Spirit of Fairness)
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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Dropped BallDropped Ball
When play is stopped by the referee for an unusual reason, e.g an injury or outside interference, the game is restarted with a “dropped ball.”
The ball is dropped by the referee where it was when play stopped, but never in the goal area.
The ball is in play when it hits the ground. Drop it from about the player’s waist height.
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ConfirmationConfirmation
What are the 3 general rules for restarts? Where is a “dropped ball” taken? Where is a free kick taken? A player is taking a DFK from inside the goal
area, when is the ball in play? If a penal foul (DFK) is not too bad should the
referee award an IFK? §
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Wrap-upWrap-up
When you stop play it is a really good idea to know how to restart it!
…... Applause
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Lunch Break
30 Minutes
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Fouls & MisconductFouls & Misconduct
Modules
7 & 8
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Law 12 - Fouls & MisconductLaw 12 - Fouls & Misconduct
Penal Non-penal
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Types of MisconductTypes of Misconduct
7 Cautionable offenses Show yellow card
7 sending-off offenses Show red card
1. Misconduct requiring a sanction by the referee is rare in lower division games. Most problems can be handled with a verbal warning.
2. In some regions showing the cards is not allowed in the lower divisions. However, cautions and sendoffs are usually still allowed.
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Cautionable OffensesCautionable Offenses
7 Cautionable Offenses Unsporting behavior * Dissent by word or action * Persistent infringement Delay restart * Fail to respect distance on restart Enter field without permission Leave field without permission
* Also applies to substitutes
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Sending-off OffencesSending-off Offences 7 Sending-off Offences
Serious foul play Violent conduct Spits at an opponent or
anyone else Denies OGSO by handling the ball Denies OGSO to an opponent moving
toward the goal by committing a foul Offensive, insulting or abusive language
and/or gestures A second caution in the same game
7 Cautionable Offenses Unsporting behavior * Dissent by word or action * Persistent infringement Delay restart * Fail to respect distance on restart Enter field without permission Leave field without permission
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Types of FoulsTypes of Fouls
10 penal fouls DFK or PK
8 non-penal fouls IFK
1. A foul must be committed by a player, against an opponent, on the field of play and while the ball is in play.
2. A foul may also be misconduct requiring a sanction by the referee.
3. The restart is based on the type of foul, not on how bad it was. §
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Common Fouls10 min.
Common Fouls
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Fouls—DefinedFouls—Defined
Foul–An unfair or unsafe act committed By a player Against an opponent (or the opposing team) On the field of play While the ball is in play
Fouls are penalized by the awarding of a free kick to the opposing team at the place where the foul occurred. *
* This symbol indicates special circumstances regarding free kicks in the Goal Area as described under Restarts.
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Penal Fouls—generalPenal Fouls—general Some actions are a penal foul only if they are
committed in a manner that the referee considers to be careless, reckless, or involving excessive force. (CREF)
Careless: did not exercise due caution (routine foul) Reckless: unnatural movement to intimidate or gain an unfair
advantage (caution?) Excessive Force: far exceeded necessary force (send-off?)
[Penal][Penal]
However, the mere attempt to commit some actions is in itself a penal foul.
Penal fouls are punished by a DFK* taken from where the offense occurred. * PK if the foul occurs inside the offending player’s own penalty area
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6 Require CREF-----------------------------------
Tripping an opponent *
Striking an opponent *
Kicking an opponent *
Jumping At an opponent
Pushing an opponent
Charging an opponent
4 Do Not Require CREF------------------------------------------
Tackling an opponent before the ball
Holding an opponent
Handling the ball (deliberately)
Spitting at an opponent
CREF = Careless, Reckless, or Excessive Force
Restart: Direct Free Kick (DFK) or Penalty Kick (PK)
* Attempt is a Foul
The 10 Penal Fouls The 10 Penal Fouls §[Penal][Penal]
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TrippingTripping
A player who trips or attempts to trip an opponent in a CREF manner, has committed a penal foul.
The foul is considered to have occurred at the place where contact occurred, or would have occurred, not where the opponent lands.
[Penal][Penal]
Referees must carefully distinguish between an act of tripping and the fact of being tripped.
Tripping is not a foul. Tripping an opponent in a CREF manner is a foul.
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Tripping - ExamplesTripping - Examples
Young players often lose their balance, or trip over their own feet or the ball, when running.
Just because a player falls down or gets hurt, doesn’t mean that there was a foul.
[Penal][Penal]
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StrikingStriking
A player who strikes or attempts to strike an opponent in a CREF manner, has committed a penal foul.
Striking includes the use of any object (including the ball) as well as the hands, arms, or head.
The foul is considered to have occurred at the place where contact occurred, or would have occurred.
[Penal][Penal]
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Striking - ExamplesStriking - Examples[Penal][Penal]
Striking may also be Misconduct (either serious foul play or violent conduct).
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KickingKicking A player who kicks or attempts to kick an
opponent in a CREF manner, has committed a penal foul.
The foul is considered to have occurred at the place where contact occurred, or would have occurred.
[Penal][Penal]
Note: If the kicker makes no attempt to play the ball, but deliberately kicks an opponent the action should also be considered violent conduct, and the kicker should be sent off and shown the red card.
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Kicking - ExamplesKicking - Examples[Penal][Penal]
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Jumping AtJumping At A player who jumps at an opponent in a CREF
manner, has committed a penal foul. The foul is considered to have occurred at the place
where contact occurred, or would have occurred.
[Penal][Penal]
If the jump was made in the process of playing the ball, and not in a CREF manner, the player should not be penalized.
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PushingPushing A player who pushes an opponent in a CREF
manner with any part of the body, whether playing the ball or not, has committed a penal foul.
[Penal][Penal]
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ChargingCharging
A player who charges an opponent, in a CREF manner, has committed a penal foul.
[Penal][Penal]
Charging is making contact with an opponent in a staccato manner, with the shoulder, and as near as possible to the opponent’s shoulder, in an effort to move the opponent away from the ball.
Fairly charging an opponent while not in playing distance of the ball is penalized by an IFK
Contact may be made on the shoulder blade of the opponent but only if the opponent is fairly obstructing.
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Charging -ExamplesCharging -Examples
It is a violation of the Law to fairly charge an opponent who is already being fairly charged by another player. ( A “Sandwich” is considered holding )
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Charging—GoalkeepersCharging—Goalkeepers
Goalkeepers are particularly vulnerable to being unfairly charged.
In order to prevent serious injury, it is your duty to protect them by applying the Law.(… there are no special laws concerning charging goalkeepers …)
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6 Require CREF-----------------------------------
Tripping an opponent *
Striking an opponent *
Kicking an opponent *
Jumping At an opponent
Pushing an opponent
Charging an opponent
4 Do Not Require CREF------------------------------------------
Tackling an opponent before the ball
Holding an opponent
Handling the ball (deliberately)
Spitting at an opponent
CREF = Careless, Reckless, or Excessive Force
Restart: Direct Free Kick (DFK) or Penalty Kick (PK)
* Attempt is a Foul
The 10 Penal FoulsThe 10 Penal Fouls[Penal][Penal]
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TacklingTackling
Tackling an opponent, making contact with the opponent before touching the ball, is a penal foul.
Touching the ball first does not necessarily mean that a foul was not committed. If the tackle is performed in a CREF manner, one of the other penal fouls will most likely have been committed.
A tackle which endangers the safety of an opponent should also be punished as serious foul play.
Tackling means using your feet to move the ball away from the feet of an opponent. It is usually fair play.
[Penal][Penal]
Tackling from behind is difficult to do legally, but is not in itself a foul. §
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Tackling - ExamplesTackling - Examples[Penal][Penal]
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HoldingHolding Holding an opponent includes the act of
stretching the arms out to prevent an opponent from moving past or around, and is a penal foul.
A player who blatantly holds onto and pulls an opponent’s clothing should also be cautioned, and shown the yellow card. §
[Penal][Penal]
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 92
Handling the BallHandling the Ball Handling the ball involves deliberate contact with
the ball by a player’s hand, or arm. § Deliberate contact means any one of the following:
The player could have avoided the touch but didn’t. The player’s arms were not in normal playing position. The player deliberately continued an initially accidental contact in an
attempt to gain an unfair advantage.
[Penal][Penal]
The fact that a player may benefit from the ball contacting the hand does not make an accidental event a foul.
Moving hands or arms instinctively to protect the body when suddenly faced with a fast approaching ball does not constitute deliberate contact unless there is subsequent action to direct the ball. §
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 93
SpittingSpitting
Spitting at an opponent, on the field of play, while the ball is in play is a penal foul.
The foul is considered to have occurred at the place where contact with the opponent occurred, or would have occurred.
Spitting at an opponent, or anyone else is also a sending-off (red card) offense.
[Penal][Penal]
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 94
6 Require CREF-----------------------------------
Tripping an opponent *
Striking an opponent *
Kicking an opponent *
Jumping At an opponent
Pushing an opponent
Charging an opponent
4 Do Not Require CREF------------------------------------------
Tackling an opponent before the ball
Holding an opponent
Handling the ball (deliberately)
Spitting at an opponent
CREF = Careless, Reckless, or Excessive Force
Restart: Direct Free Kick (DFK) or Penalty Kick (PK)
* Attempt is a Foul
The 10 Penal Fouls (Review)The 10 Penal Fouls (Review)[Penal][Penal]
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 95
ConfirmationConfirmation
A foul is penal or non-penal based on how bad it is?
At the taking of a free kick when is the ball in play?
For which penal fouls is the attempt itself a foul?
Is “high-kicking” dangerous play?
What are the 4 most common penal fouls in younger players’ games?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 96
Wrap-upWrap-up
Each game is a learning opportunity for the players, coaches, parents and referees.
On-going education will increase understanding, build confidence and earn respect.
Any questions?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 97
Non-Penal Fouls - Non-Penal Fouls - GeneralGeneral
Non-penal fouls are divided into two categories: Those committed only by a goalkeeper, and Those committed by any player.
Non-penal fouls are punished with an IFK taken from where the offense occurred. *
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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The 8 Non-Penal FoulsThe 8 Non-Penal Fouls
By a Goalkeeper
• Controls ball with hands for more than 6 seconds.
• Handles ball directly from a teammate’s throw-in
• Handles ball deliberately kicked to him by a teammate.
• Handles ball a 2nd time after releasing control of it.
By Another Player
• Plays in a dangerous manner.
• Impedes the progress of an opponent.
• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball.
• Any other offense not mentioned in the Laws where play is stopped to issue a caution or to send off a player.
Restart: Indirect Free Kick (IFK) from where the foul occurred. *
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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Goalkeeper Control of the Ball The goalkeeper is considered to be in control of
the ball by touching it with any part of his hand or arms.
Controlling the ball includes deliberately parrying the ball, but not circumstances where the ball rebounds accidentally from the goalkeeper, for example after he makes a save.
Releasing the ball into play means no longer controlling it with the hands. (The ball is in play) §
The goalkeeper retains control of the ball while bouncing or punting it.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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GK 2nd TouchGK 2nd Touch
It is a non-penal foul if the goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after he has released it into play, and it has not yet touched any other player.
When a goalkeeper releases the ball into play she may continue to play the ball as long as she does not touch it with her hands again until it has been touched by another player.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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GK 2nd Touch - ExampleGK 2nd Touch - Example[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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Goalkeeper Six Second ViolationGoalkeeper Six Second Violation A goalkeeper controlling the ball with the hands for
more than 6 seconds commits a non-penal foul. §
The 6 seconds does not include the time it takes the goalkeeper to take control of the ball or to recover from momentum.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
If the goalkeeper is making a reasonable effort to release the ball into play, the referee should give her the benefit of the doubt.
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GoalkeeperGoalkeeper Handles Throw-in Handles Throw-in
It is a non-penal foul if the goalkeeper handles the ball inside his own penalty area after it has been thrown in by a teammate and it has not touched another player.
The goalkeeper may handle a ball directly thrown to him by an opponent.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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The 8 Non-Penal FoulsThe 8 Non-Penal Fouls
By a Goalkeeper
• Controls ball with hands for more than 6 seconds.
• Handles ball directly from a teammate’s throw-in
• Handles ball deliberately kicked to him by a teammate.
• Handles ball a 2nd time after releasing control of it.
By Another Player
• Plays in a dangerous manner.
• Impedes the progress of an opponent.
• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball.
• Any other offense not mentioned in the Laws where play is stopped to issue a caution or to send off a player.
Restart: Indirect Free Kick (IFK) from where the foul occurred. *
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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GK Handles Ball Kicked by TeammateGK Handles Ball Kicked by Teammate
It is a non-penal foul if a goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands inside his own penalty area, after it has been deliberately kicked, by a teammate, to him or to a place where he can legally handle it.
“Deliberately kicked” does not include situations where, in the opinion of the referee, the ball has been accidentally deflected, or misdirected. §
The IFK is taken from the place where the goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands.*
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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Dangerous PlayDangerous Play
If, in the opinion of the referee, a player acts in a manner that is dangerous to himself or anyone else, and that action causes a nearby opponent to cease playing the ball or to be otherwise disadvantaged, then that player is “playing in a dangerous manner,” and has committed a non-penal foul. §
Dangerous play is the non-penal foul most often seen in youth games.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
If, in a game involving young players, a dangerous situation occurs, the referee may stop play to eliminate the danger, even if an opponent is not nearby. In this case, the game would be restated with a dropped ball (DB).
A player lying on the ground may kick the ball if it is done safely. §
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Dangerous PlayDangerous Play[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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Impeding an OpponentImpeding an Opponent
Impeding the progress of an opponent is a non-penal foul.
This offense requires that the ball is not within playing distance or not capable of being played.
Physical contact between the player and the opponent is normally absent.
Impeding means moving on the field so as to obstruct, interfere with, or block the path of an opponent.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
There are many occasions during a game when a player will come between an opponent and the ball, but in a majority of such instances, this is quite natural and fair.
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Preventing GK from Releasing BallPreventing GK from Releasing Ball
It is a non-penal foul for a player to prevent an opposing goalkeeper from releasing the ball into play from his hands.
A verbal warning for a first offense may be more fair than an IFK.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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Other OffensesOther Offenses
A player who charges an opponent in an otherwise legal manner, but away from the ball, is penalized with an IFK. If the charge was made in a CREF manner, the penalty would be a DFK, or PK.
When the goalkeeper does not have possession of the ball (in his hands) he may be fairly charged like any other player.
However, when he has possession of the ball (in his hands), he may not be charged.
Any other offense, not mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player, is penalized with an IFK.
[Non-penal][Non-penal]
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ConfirmationConfirmation
A foul is penal or non-penal based on how bad it is? §
What are the 4 non penal fouls committed by a player ( other than the goalkeeper)?
For which penal fouls is the attempt itself a foul?
Is “high-kicking” dangerous play? What are the 4 most common penal fouls in
younger players’ games? §
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Wrap-upWrap-up
Each game is a learning opportunity for the players, coaches, parents and referees.
U10 players respond to talking and whistling.
On-going education will increase understanding, build confidence and earn respect.
Any questions?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 113
OffsideOffside
Module
9Use of The Soccer Tutor™ to teach offside is recommended.
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Law 11 – Offside IntroductionLaw 11 – Offside Introduction
The basic law is only 185* words long, but discussion, misunderstanding and controversy are never ending. * 350 words including the 2 recent decisions……. (which were clarifications, not changes)
History: Offside was introduced to force players to move up and down the field, which makes the game more exciting.
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Definition of OffsideDefinition of Offside A player is offside when:
He is in an offside position At the moment the ball is played
by or touches a teammate And, is involved in active play (All 3 conditions must be met)
Offside position is judged when the ball is played by or touches a teammate, not when the player in the offside position touches the ball.
The player must be involved in active play (as defined by FIFA) to be offside.
Offside Position (OSP) Ahead of the ball Ahead of the 2nd last defender (SLD) Not in own half of the field(Being in an offside position is not in itself an offence)
Active Play (as defined by FIFA) Interfere with play (play or be touched by the ball) Interfere with an opponent (impede or prevent an opponent from playing the ball) Gain an advantage by being in that position (interfere with play after a rebound)
Exceptions § Directly from Goal Kick,
Corner Kick, or Throw-in(Hint: Restart is because ball left the field)
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Penalty for OffsidePenalty for Offside
FIFA Law:
The penalty for Offside is an IFK taken from where the infringement occurred.
FIFA Q&A:
The infringement occurred where the player was when the ball was played by or touched the player’s teammate.** Not where the player was when he became involved in Active Play!!!
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When to Signal Offside
The assistant referee must not signal simply because a player is in an offside position, but must look for active involvement.
If an assistant referee is in any doubt as to whether a player is actively involved or not, the assistant referee is expected to refrain from signaling offside.
The referee, too, must be certain that there is active involvement before deciding for offside.
From: Advice for Referees
Guidelines:
Only signal when you are sure that an offside has actually occurred.
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How to Signal Offside
When you are sure that offside occurred: Stop Raise flag Wait for whistle
After the whistle: Run to proper
restart position Signal near,
center or far side of field
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Why Stay with the SLD
Is the green ball ahead of the white balls ?
The balls are actually in a straight line.
AR must stay in line with the Second Last Defender.
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Offside Examples
Slide Presentation The Soccer Tutor Examples (hit Esc key)
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 121
Offside - Examples 1 & 2Offside - Examples 1 & 2
Clearly Offside In offside position when ball
was played by a teammate Interfered with play
Clearly Offside In offside position when ball
was played by a teammate Interfered with play
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Offside - Examples 3 & 4Offside - Examples 3 & 4
Not Offside B was not in an offside
position when his teammate played the ball.
Not Offside B was in an offside position
when his teammate played the ball, but
Was not involved in active play.
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Offside - Examples 5 & 6Offside - Examples 5 & 6
Offside B was in an offside
position when teammate A played the ball, and gained an advantage.
Not Offside B was not in an offside
position when teammate A played the ball.
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Offside ConfirmationOffside Confirmation
What 3 conditions must exist for a player to be in an offside position?
What 3 conditions must exist for you to correctly signal an offside infraction?
What 3 actions are considered as “being involved in active play”?
How does the AR signal offside?
How does the referee signal offside?
Who makes the final decision?
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Law 11 – Decision 2
Interfering with play means playing or touching the ball passed or
touched by a team-mate.
Interfering with an opponent means preventing an opponent from
playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the
opponent’s line of vision or movements or making a gesture or
movement which, in the opinion of the referee, deceives or distracts an
opponent.
Gaining an advantage by being in that position means playing a ball
that rebounds to him off a post or the crossbar having been in an
offside position or playing a ball that rebounds to him off an opponent
having been in an offside position.
The definitions of elements of involvement in active play are as follows:
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Wrap-upWrap-up
Each game is a learning opportunity for the players, coaches, parents and referees.
On-going education will increase understanding, build confidence and earn respect.
Any questions?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 127
Break
5 Minutes
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Review Referee and AR MechanicsReview Referee and AR Mechanics
Module
10
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System of ControlSystem of Control
Diagonal system of control Referee and two assistant referees
(referred to as center and AR’s) Only FIFA, USSF and AYSO approved
system of control Dual referee system of control
Used in college, high school and some other competitions
Used in AYSO for over 40 years
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 130
Referee MechanicsReferee Mechanics Run along a broad diagonal
Stay close to play (10-20 yards) Keep ball between self and AR §
Control Play Use whistle to start play
(only when necessary) Use whistle to stop play Use hand signals to indicate
restart Use cards to indicate misconduct Use voice to provide positive
instruction
Accept advice from your AR (when appropriate) § - must remember to check AR frequently -
Don’t be afraid to correct mistakes Sell your calls!!!
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Assistant Referee MechanicsAssistant Referee Mechanics Runs along touch line between
goal line and halfway line. § Stays in-line with 2nd last defender. Follows ball to goal line. Keeps flag straight down when
running. Stops before signaling, and then
snaps flag.
Doesn’t “chat” with coaches and spectators.
Keeps coaches and spectators off touch line. Checks substitutes and counts players on the field (or subs). Looks and acts involved and professional.
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Referee DutiesReferee Duties Enforce Laws of the Game Ensure ball & players’ equipment meet standards Act as timekeeper & keep record of match Control match in cooperation with ARs §
Control Substitutions Stop, suspend or terminate match for cause Stop play when necessary for injury Restart match after it has stopped Apply advantage when appropriate Punish most serious if multiple offences
Keep match SAFE, FAIR & FUN Referee’s decisions on facts are final.
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Referee Signals Referee Signals §
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Assistant Referee Duties Assistant Referee Duties (Neutral)(Neutral)
Indicate ball in/out of play § (over your touch line and/or your goal line)
Offside (including involvement in active play)
Fouls or misconduct CR cannot see
Keep track of substitutions
Assist CR with sideline behavior
Assist CR in any other way requested
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Club LinesmanClub Linesman
Signal when the whole ball has completely crossed the touch line.
Any other tasks assigned by referee. Remove debris Check nets Locate game ball(s) Collect lineup card(s)
Referee must communicate with club linesmen to keep them focused.
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 136
Assistant Referee Signals Assistant Referee Signals §
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 137
Confirmation—AR Signals Confirmation—AR Signals §
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 138
ConfirmationConfirmation If a coach feels that a referee isn’t calling
obvious fouls he should appeal the result of the game?
If both sides of the field are yelling foul, but neither the referee nor the AR saw a foul, the referee should call a foul?
When should a referee blow the whistle? How long should the referee hold his arm up to
indicate an IFK? § Referees should never change their decisions
because they will lose face?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 139
Wrap-upWrap-up
Each game is a learning opportunity for the players, coaches, parents and referees.
On-going education will increase understanding, build confidence and earn respect.
Any questions?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 140
Review of RestartsReview of Restarts
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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The Kick-offThe Kick-off Ball is stationary and all
players are in their own half. Opposing players must be
outside the center circle. Referee checks positions
then signals start. (Whistle)
Ball must be kicked forward.
Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward. If not taken correctly, the kick-off is retaken. Kicker may not touch the ball again until it touches
another player. (IFK is awarded to opponents) A goal can be scored directly from a kick-off.
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 142
Throw-inThrow-in
Thrower must — § Face the field of play Have part of each foot —
Touching the ground, and On or behind the touchline
Must use both hands to throw the ball from behind and over the head.
Ball is in play when released and any portion is on or over the outside edge of the touch line.
Opponents at least 2 yards from thrower § A goal may not be scored from a throw-in.
Taken when ball goes over the touch-line. (All general restart rules apply)No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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Goal KickGoal Kick
Taken from anywhere in the goal area. Lines are part of the
area they enclose.
Taken when ball goes over goal line last touched by attacking team. (All general restart rules apply)
Opponents must move out of penalty area. Ball is in play when it leaves penalty area. A goal may be scored directly, but only
against opponents.
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
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Corner KickCorner Kick
Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves. Can score directly into opponents’ goal.
Taken when ball goes over goal line last touched by defending team. (All general restart rules apply)
Ball is placed in the corner area on the side where it left the field. Lines are part of the
area. Only E is incorrect § Player cannot move flag
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 145
Free KickFree Kick
Direct (DFK) or indirect (IFK) IFK – cannot score until the ball touches another player.
(Referee holds up arm until then.)
Taken from the place where the infringement occurred, or in certain cases where the ball was when play was stopped.‡
Opponents must be at least 10 yards* from the ball. (* Subject to small-sided & goal area issues.)
Ball is in play when it is kicked and moves. § (If taken inside ones’ own penalty area it must leave the area.)
(All general restart rules apply)No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
‡ A free kick awarded inside the goal area is moved out to the nearest point on the goal area line parallel to the goal line.
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 146
Penalty KickPenalty Kick
All players except GK and kicker must be: Behind the ball Outside penalty area At least 10 yards from
ball (outside arc)
Taken when a DFK foul is committed by a defender in their own penalty area. (All general restart rules apply)
Only A & B are in correct positions. Goalkeeper may move laterally along goal line. Referee signals (whistle) when players are ready. Retaken or IFK if not taken correctly. (Spirit of Fairness)
No Interference — Safe Distance — No 2nd Touch
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 147
Dropped BallDropped Ball
When play is stopped by the referee for an unusual reason, for example, an injury or outside interference, the game is restarted with a “dropped ball.” §
The ball is dropped by the referee where it was when play stopped, but never in the goal area.
The ball is in play when it hits the ground. Drop it from about the player’s waist height.
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 148
Review of Restarts §
RESTART KO TI GK CK IFK DFK PK DB
When is the ball in play?
Kicked forward
Released & breaks plane
Leaves Penalty Area
Kicked Kicked and leaves own Penalty Area
Kicked and leaves own Penalty Area
Kicked forward
Hits ground
Can player be offside directly from restart?
No No No No Yes Yes No No
Can a goal be scored directly from restart?
Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
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Test & Review — Basic RefereeTest & Review — Basic Referee
Be sure to print your name clearly on the form.
Test (20 min.) Review Test (10 min.) Graduation
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 150
Referee Support & ReviewReferee Support & Review
Module
12
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Referee SupportReferee Support
Mentoring
Assessing Appearance Pre-game Instructions Fitness Attitude Courage, Character & Consistency Accuracy of Decisions Control
Continuing Education
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 152
MentoringMentoring
Friendly way to impart knowledge On-the-job training Evaluate what you hear Ask your support chain if you question
the advice, don’t be confrontational Keep an open mind Seek on-going training
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 153
Continuing EducationContinuing Education Attend formal training. Attend referee meetings. Read your manuals. Look on the Internet. Ask experienced referees. Ask your Director of Instruction or your
instructors, and check websites. www.ayso85.org www.ayso11L.org
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 154
AYSO National Referee ProgramAYSO National Referee Program
Organization NBOD, Section, Area, Region NSTC – Paid support staff (www.soccer.org)
AYSO Referee Grades U-8 Official (R85 Official) Assistant Referee Basic Referee (Regional) Intermediate Referee (Area) Advanced Referee (Section) National Referee (National)
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 155
ConfirmationConfirmation
Rules are rules at any age? What are the 5 AYSO Philosophies? The referees’ job is to keep the game
SAFE, FAIR and ______ ? The coach is my enemy so I need to
show him who is boss? Once I pass this course I’m a referee
and that’s all the training I need?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 156
Thank You for Volunteering!½ min.
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 157
Wrap-upWrap-up
Each game is a learning opportunity for the players, coaches, parents and referees.
On-going education will increase understanding, build confidence and earn respect.
Any questions?
Basic Referee 8/1/2007 158
Referee Positioning Field ClinicReferee Positioning Field Clinic
Module
13