Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1

Infection Preventionin Health Care

Basic PracticesDr.T.V.Rao MD

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Teaching and Learning Module ONE

• The Programme Created for Schedule of training module at

Travancore Medical College, Kollam Kerala as a part of Infection Control Programme organised by

Infection Control Committee

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Nurses Role in Infection Control

Follow correct sanitization, disinfection and sterilization procedures

Help patient understand basic disease prevention

Administer immunizations and educate patients about immunizations Dr.T.V.Rao MD

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Three Levels of Infection Control

Sanitization – cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms

Disinfection – second level used on instruments and equipments that come in contact with intact mucous membrane

Sterilization – complete destruction of all microorganisms-pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless- surface of instrument

and equipment

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Sanitization MethodsCollecting instruments – place in

container with water and neutral pH detergent until you can get to them.

Use utility gloves always and mask, eye protection and protective clothing if blood, body fluids or tissue are present

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Sanitization Methods (cont.)

Drain disinfectant or detergent solution

Rinse each piece under hot running water

Scrub each item using hot, soapy water and small plastic brush

Pay careful attention to hinges, ratchets and nooks

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Standard Precautions• Apply standard precautions to all

patients regardless of their diagnosis, and to all contaminated equipments and materials. • Use judgment in determining

which protective barriers are necessary.

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Sanitization Methods (cont.)

Rinse instruments individually and place each one on a clean towel.

Roll all instruments in the towel to remove moisture

Place instruments either in trays or bins for storage or wrap for sterilization

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Disinfection Wear gloves when handling instruments.Disinfection solution must cover every

surface.Used if instrument does not penetrate a

patient’s skin or mucous membranesEnamelwareEndotracheal tubesGlasswareLaryngoscopes and nasal specula

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Standard Precautions1. Hands Hygiene 2. Use Personal protective equipment's

(PPE)• Gloves• Gowns• Masks• Eye protection • Face Shields

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Discard needles and other sharps in

.Discard needles and other sharps in the sharp containers which are located as close as possible to the area of use. Don't recap needles, If any ,use the Scoop method (one hand method).

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USING “ SCOOP METHOD’’

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Never Recap Needle You are Likely to Injure

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Sharps containers• Should be easily accessible• At or below the level of the eyes• Kept away from the pathways • Not to be kept on the grounds.• Should Not be overfilled more than 3/4

full.• Never to be shake to get more space

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CLEANING SPILLS (e.g. Blood & body fluids)• Wear gloves and other PPE• Absorb: Wipe up the spill with an

absorbent towel.Clean with detergent.• Apply disinfectant to the contaminated

area using sodium hypochlorite( Clorox 1: 10= 1 volume+9 water volumes) contact time 5-10min.• Absorb Clorox and wash with water.

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Hand Hygiene•Alcohol-based Hand Rub•Use of gloves does NOT

replace hand washing.•Gloves must be changed in-

between patients.

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HAND WASHING•When to wash your hands :• If hands are visibly dirty .• Soiled hands with blood or body

fluids.• After contact with: blood ,body

fluids, secretions or mucus membranes.

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When to wash your hands?• After contact with intact or non-

intact skin.• After handling items potentially

contaminated (equipments)• In-between patients .• After removing gloves.• After using bathroom.

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When to wash hands

• Before direct contact with patient.• Before donning (sterile) gloves.• Before preparing or handling

medications.• Before handling clean dressing.

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When to use alcohol-based hand rub

• If hands are NOT visibly soiled alcohol rub could be used instead of hand washing.• If hand are visibly soiled

(contaminated) ,they should be washed first.

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PPE: Personal Protective Equipment's:

• Gloves donning & removal• Other PPE donning &removal• Donning & removal of N95 mask

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Transmission-Based Precautions

• Used in addition to Standard

Precautions for Specified Patients

• Designed for the Care of Patients known

or suspected to be infected by

epidemiologically important pathogens

spread by: airborne, droplet, or contact

transmission.

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Droplet Precautions• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei > 5

microns, through cough or sneezing:• Examples:–Pertussis– Influenza.–Meningococcus meningitis.

• Precaution Details:–Private room– Surgical Mask if within 1 meter of patient.

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For effective segregation of waste, provision of different types of waste

containers in all clinical areas, is necessary.

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Never Forget Simple Washing Saves Many Lives

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• Programme Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for

Benefit of Nursing Staff in Health Care• Email

• doctortvrao@gmail.com