basic selenium training
TRANSCRIPT
Selenium: Test Automation of Web Application
Weekend Workshop for QA professionals
Trainer: Dipesh BhatewaraDate: 23rd June 2012
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Advantages of Test Automation
• Frequent and quick regression testing• Rapid feedback to developers• Virtually unlimited iterations of test case
execution• Support for Agile and extreme development
methodologies• Increased test coverage• Enables QA team to utilize bandwidth in
exploratory testing.
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When to automate?
• Long projects – regression• Frequent releases and extreme programming• Quick feedback to developer – Sanity
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Web Testing: Approaches
• GUI Automation– locating by coordinates– using generic OS mouse/keyboard events– suitable for any GUI app
• HTML/DOM Automation– parsing HTML– evaluating HTML elements (forms, input...) – DOM as presentation of application– DOM traversal – interacting with DOM tree (target.dispatchEvent,...)
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Introduction to Selenium
• Open Source Test Automation Framework• Developed by ThoughtWorks and Google• Robust set of tools for web-based applications• On multiple browsers• On multiple Operating Systems• Support many languages, including Ruby,
Python, Java, c# and so on
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Selenium Components
• Selenium IDE• Selenium RC• Selenium Grid• WebDriver (Selenium 2.0)
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Selenium IDE
• Firefox plug-in• Integrated Development Environment for Selenium
Tests.• Provides record and playback functionality.• Provides the ability to debug test scripts.• Auto complete common selenium commands.• Export tests in different formats like HTML, Java,
Ruby, Python and so on.
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Installation
• Download IDE from - http://seleniumhq.org/download/
• Add as Add On to Firefox• Launch it from Tools -> Selenium IDE
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IDE explained
• Record/Play• Test Case• Test Suite• Command -Target –
Value• Export/Import
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DEMO
• Click on Etsy logo and verify title• Search for Vintage shoe and verify
first item’s name• Run as suite
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Assignment - IDE
• Etsy.com• Navigate to Category – Furniture -> Chair• Click on the first item in the result list• Verify the item details page is displayed• Assert the Price of the product shown on this
page
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Assignment IDE Test Suite
• Click on Kids section on left, on Kids page click on Tweet button, Switch to new window, Sign in with wrong username and password to twitter and check the Error.
• Click on ‘Accessories’ Category and test the pagination functionality
• Save the Test Suite• Run as Test Suite
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Commonly Used Selenium Commands
Action Commands• Open(Link) – This Command will open the specified page• click(Locator) – This Command will Click at specified target• check(Locator) – Toggles the checked value of a checkbox• type(Locator, value) –Sends text input to an element• select (Locator, value)– This will select the specified item in a list
Note: most action commands in Selenium IDE also have a duplicate command with the AndWait suffix. When these are used the action is performed and a page load is expected and the command will not complete until the page has loaded or the timeout is reached.
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Commonly Used Selenium Commands
Store, Check, and Wait• isElementPreset(locator) – Checks if an element is present on the page• store(expression, variableName) – Allows you to temporarily store a
value• verify(pattern) – performs verification and skip execution, if fails.• assert(pattern) – performs verification and stop execution, if fails.• waitFor(pattern) – Waits until the value matches the specified value or
the timeout.
Note: These Commands are heart of Selenium ,as these deal with verifiacation and validation part. There are variations available in these commands eg. waitForPageToLoad(), waitForPopUp()
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Object Identification
• Using HTML properties of the Object– Name– Id– Class
• Using Xpaths (DOM address)– XPath is a language for finding information in an
XML document
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Assignment
• Etsy.com• Find Unique HTML Ids as well as Xpaths for
below– Regsiter Button– Search text box– Fashion link– 3rd Item in second row on home page
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Selenium RC
• A server, written in Java and so available on all the platforms.
• Acts as a proxy for web requests from tests.• Client libraries for many popular languages.• Bundles Selenium Core and automatically
loads into the browser
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Selenium RC components
• Selenium Server: launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT.
• Client Libraries: provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.
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Install & Start
• Ensure that JDK is present on the machine and is in the class path.
• Downloaded Selenium RC from http://seleniumhq.org/download/
• Unzip to any directory on your file system.• Change directory to the Selenium Server on
the command line or terminal.• Start Selenium Server.
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Eclipse and Project setup
• Launch Eclipse• Create Java project• Import selenium-client library • Add JUnit plugin to eclipse• Export the code of your Selenium IDE
assignment as Selenium RC Junit4 code• Add the exported java file to the project and
run
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Handling different types of elements & Demo
• Text Box• List• Check Box• Radio Buttons
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Assignment
• Create a fresh project in Eclipse• Add a test case to register a new user at
Etsy.com
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More Assignments
• Test User Sign In – Valid & Error• Test Add To Cart and verify the country can be
changed on the cart page.• Run them as suite from Eclipse
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WebDriver
• Is a Self Contained Library • Uses browser capabilities over injected javascripts• “Best fit” technology• Clean & Object Oriented API • Easy to maintain• Faster than Selenium 1• Tightly bound to the browser, no need of Selenium
Server • Bindings : Java, C#, Python, Ruby • Android and iPhone support
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Selenium Server in Selenium2
• Replicate Selenium RC functionalities • Remote WebDriver• Selenium Grid 2
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WebDriver
WebDriver Interface
Firefox
Driver
Internet Explorer Driver
Chrome
Driver
HTML Unit
Driver
Opera Driver
Andriod
Driver
iPhone
Driver
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“BestFit”s
• Internet Explorer Driver accesses the browser via the COM layer using some automation hooks that Microsoft have put there and maintain. The core code is written in C++.
• FirefoxDriver is a Firefox addon that accesses items at the Chrome layer
• ChromeDriver is a Chrome Extension that allows drive Chrome.
• The Android driver is an APK that allows us to drive the Web View and the same with iPhone
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Let’s setup a project
• Download • New Project• Import selenium jar• Add class imported from IDE (as Junit4
Webdriver)• Run the tests
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Locator Strategies• ID
– webDriver.findElement(By.id("logo"));• Name
– webDriver.findElement(By.name("q"));• Tag Name
– webDriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1"));• Class name
– webDriver.findElements(By.className("sponsor_logos"));• XPath
– webDriver.findElement(By.xpath("//section[@id=‘miniconfs’]/a[2]"));• Link Text
– webDriver.findElements(By.linkText("About"));• Partial Link Text
– webDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("visitcanberra"));
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Page Interactions
• webElement.click() • webElement.sendKeys(...) • webElement.submit() • Actions class -> Mouse Events / Drag and Drop
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Pop-up/Alert handling
• Pop up window– driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);
• Alerts– alert = driver.switchTo().alert();– alert.Accept();– alert.Dismiss();
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Demo
• http://www.blazonry.com/javascript/windows.php
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Additional useful commands• Polling the DOM for N seconds
– webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
• Testing CSS properties – webElement.getCssValue(“height”);
• Javascript execution – JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;
– Long value = (Long) js.executeScript("return window.scrollY");
• Navigation– Navigation nav = webDriver.navigate();
– nav.back(); / nav.forward(); nav.to(“url”);
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Backward Compatibility with Selenium 1
Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver, “http://osdc.com.au”);
selenium.open("http://osdc.com.au");
selenium.click("id=follow_twitter");
selenium.waitForPageToLoad("10000");
WebDriver webDriver = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium) selenium).getUnderlyingWebDriver();
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Reference Sites
• Xpath– http://hedleyproctor.com/2011/05/tutorial-writin
g-xpath-selectors-for-selenium-tests/