basic structure of a cell ms. gaynor ap biology/ chapter 6 (part 1)
TRANSCRIPT
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BASIC STRUCTURE OF A CELLMS. GAYNOR
AP BIOLOGY/ CHAPTER 6 (PART 1)
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FIRST TO VIEW CEFIRST TO VIEW CELLLLSS
In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells)
What he saw looked like small boxes
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FIRST TO VIEW CELLSFIRST TO VIEW CELLS
Hooke is responsible for naming cells
Hooke called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells
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ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
In 1673, Leeuwenhoek (a Dutch microscope maker), was first to view organism (Living things)
Leeuwenhoek used a simple, handheld microscope to view pond water & scrapings from his teeth
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BEGINNING OF THE CELL THEORYBEGINNING OF THE CELL THEORY
In 1838, a German botanist named Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells
Schleiden is a cofounder of the cell theory
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BEGINNING OF THE CELL THEORYBEGINNING OF THE CELL THEORY
In 1839, a German zoologist named Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals were made of cells
Schwann also cofounded the cell theory
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BEGINNING OF THE CELL THEORYBEGINNING OF THE CELL THEORY
In 1855, a German medical doctor named Rudolph Virchow observed, under the microscope, cells dividing
He reasoned that all cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division
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CELL THEORY
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CELL TYPESCELL TYPES
Three Basic types of cells include:
Animal Cell(Eukaryote)
Plant Cell(Eukaryote)
Bacterial Cell
(Prokaryote)
**SMALLEST
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NUMBER OF CELLSNUMBER OF CELLS
Although ALL living things are made of cells, organisms may be:
Unicellular – composed of one cellMulticellular- composed of many
cells that may organize into tissues, etc.
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MULTICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMSORGANISMS
Cells in multicellular organisms often specialize (take on different shapes & functions)
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CELL SPECIALIZATIONCELL SPECIALIZATION
Cells in a multi-cellular organism become specialized by turning different genes on and off
This is known as DIFFERENTIATION
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ALL CELLS…
Contain 4 basic cell structures:
Cell MembraneCytoplasmRibosomesDNA
**not an organelle
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PROPROKARYOTES – THE FIRST KARYOTES – THE FIRST CELLSCELLSSimplest and smallest type of cell
Includes bacteriaNO nucleus NO/FEW organelles1 Single, circular chromosomeThink: “Pro” athlete plays with 1 ball
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PROKARYOTEPROKARYOTESSNucleoid region
(center) contains the DNA (NO nulceus)
Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wall (made of peptidoglycan)
Contain ribosomes in their cytoplasm to make proteins
Has cilia for reproduction and flagella for movement
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EUKARYOTES
All eukaryotic cells HAVE:a Nucleusmembrane-bound
organelles
These cell types includes:protistsfungiplantsanimals
More complex type of cells
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TWO MAIN TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Plant Cell
Animal Cell