basic water properties ii

8/11/2019 Basic Water Properties II

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MATERIAL/APPARATUS

Gloves and goggles

DPD Total Chlorine powder Pillow

FerroVer Iron Reagent Powder Pillow

DPD Free Chlorine Powder Pillow

PhosVer 3 phosphate Powder Pillow

ChromaVer 3 Reagent Powder Pillow

SulfaVer 4 Reagent Powder Pillow

Water sample

Spectrophotometer

Round Sample Cell Bottle

PROCEDURES

Total Chlorine:

1. Fill a sample cell with 10 mL of sample. The contents of one DPD Total Chlorine Powder

Pillow is added to the sample cell.

2.

The sample was swirling for 20 seconds.

3. After that the instrument timer is started for three minutes. The blank preparation is

perform at this time period.

4.

Blank Preparation:

a.

Fill a second sample cell with 10-mL of sample. Wipe the blank sample cell and insert

it into the cell holder.

b. ZERO the instrument. The display will show: 0.00 mg/L Cl2

5. Within three minutes after the timer expires, wipe the prepared sample and insert it into the

cell holder.

6. The results are reading in mg/L Cl2.

Free Chlorine:

1.

Fill a sample cell with 10 mL of sample.

2. Blank Preparation:

a. Fill a second sample cell with 10-mL of sample. Wipe the blank sample cell and insert


b.

ZERO the instrument. The display will show: 0.00 mg/L Cl2.

3.

Fill a second sample cell with 10-mL of sample. Add one 0.1 gram spoon of DPD Free

Chlorine Powder Reagent to the sample cell. The sample was swirling to 20 seconds and a

pink colour will form if chlorine is present.


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4.

Within one minute after the timer expires, wipe the prepared sample and insert it into the

cell holder.

5. The results are reading in mg/L Cl2.

Total Iron:

1. Fill a sample cell with 10 mL of sample. The content of one FerroVer Iron Reagent Powder


2.

The sample was swirled for a seconds.

3.

After that the instrument timer is started for three minutes. An orange colour will form if

iron is present. The blank preparation is perform at this time period.


a.



b.

ZERO the instrument.

c. The display will show: 0.00 mg/L Fe.

5. Within three minutes after the timer expires, wipe the prepared sample and insert it into the

cell holder.

6.

The results are reading in mg/L Fe.

Reactive Phosporus:

1.

Fill a sample cell with 10 mL of sample. The content of one PhosVer 3 phosphate Powder


2. The sample was immediately stopper and shaking vigorously for 30 seconds.

3. After that the instrument timer is started for two minutes. The blank preparation is perform

at this time period.

4.

Blank Preparation:

a. Fill a second sample cell with 10-mL of sample. Wipe the blank sample cell and insert


ZERO the instrument.

b.

The display will show: 0.00 mg/L PO4 3-.

5.

Within three minutes after the timer expires, wipe the prepared sample and insert it into the

cell holder.

6. The results are reading in mg/L PO4 3-.


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Sulfate:

1. Fill a sample cell with 10 mL of sample. The content of one SulfaVer 4 Reagent Powder Pillow

is added to the sample cell.

2.

The sample was immediately swirled vigorously to dissolve the powder.

3.

After that the instrument timer is started for five minutes. The blank preparation is perform

at this time period.


a.



b. ZERO the instrument.

c. The display will show: 0 mg/L SO4 2.

5.

Within three minutes after the timer expires, wipe the prepared sample and insert it into the

cell holder.

6.

The results are reading in mg/L SO4 2.

RESULTS

The concentration of heavy metals in various water samples:

Reagents

Sample Water

Drain Water Lake Water Tap Water Deionized Water

Total Chlorine

(0.02 mg/L2.0 mg/L)0.26 1.27 0.04 0.05

Free Chlorine

(0.02 mg/L2.0 mg/L)0.23 0.25 0.04 0.02

Iron

(0.02 mg/L-3.0 mg/L)1.43 0.10 0.02 0.15

Sulfates

(2.0 mg/L-7 mg/L)1.90 8.00 2.00 7.00

Phosporus

(0.02 mg/L- 2.50 mg/L)0.66 0.30 0.02 0.09


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CALCULATION

Total Chlorine:

Sample Water Calculation

Drain Water

Concentration of Total Chlorine = 0.26 mg/LVolume of drain water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 L

Mass of Total Chlorine = 0.26 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 2.6 x 10-3mg

Lake Water

Concentration of Total Chlorine = 1.27 mg/L

Volume of lake water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 L


= 0.0127 mg

Tap Water


Volume of tap water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 L


= 4.0 x 10-4

mg

Deionized Water


Volume of deionized water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 L


= 5.0 x 10-4mg

Free Chlorine:


Drain Water

Concentration of Free Chlorine = 0.23 mg/L

Volume of drain water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 LMass of Free Chlorine = 0.23 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 2.3 x 10-3

mg

Lake Water

Concentration of Free Chlorine =0.25 mg/L


Mass of Free Chlorine = 0.25 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 2.5 x10-3

mg

Tap Water

Concentration of Free Chlorine = 0.04 mg/L



= 4.0 x 10-4

mg

Deionized Water

Concentration of Free Chlorine = 0.02 mg/LVolume of deionized water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 L


= 2.0 x 10-4

mg


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Iron:


Drain Water

Concentration of Iron= 1.43 mg/L

Volume of drain water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 L

Mass of Iron = 1.43mg/L x 0.01 L= 0.0143 mg

Lake Water

Concentration of Iron = 0.10 mg/L


Mass of Iron= 0.10 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 0.001 mg

Tap Water



Mass of Iron= 0.02 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 2.0 x 10-4

mg

Deionized Water


Volume of deionized water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 LMass of Iron = 0.15 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 1.5 x 10-3

mg

Sulfates:


Drain Water

Concentration of Sulfates = 1.90 mg/L


Mass of Sulfates = 1.90 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 0.019 mg

Lake Water




= 0.08 mg

Tap Water




= 0.02 mg

Deionized Water


Volume of deionized water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 L

Mass of Sulfates = 7.00 mg/L x 0.01 L= 0.07 mg


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Phosporus:


Drain Water

Concentration of Phosporus = 0.66 mg/L


Mass of Phosporus = 0.66 mg/L x 0.01 L= 6.6 x 10

-3mg

Lake Water



Mass of Phosporus = 0.3 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 3 x 10-3

mg

Tap Water



Mass of Phosporus = 0.02 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 2.0 x 10-4

mg

Deionized Water

Concentration of Phosporus= 0.09 mg/L

Volume of deionized water = 10 mL /1000 = 0.01 LMass of Phosporus = 0.09 mg/L x 0.01 L

= 9.0 x 10-4

mg

CONCLUSION

At the end of this experiment, we had managed to determine the concentration of heavy

metals; chlorine (free and total), phosphorus, iron, and phosphorus in different water samples; lake

water, deionized water, tap water, and drain water. The concentration for total chlorine in drain

water, lake water, tap water and deionized water are 0.26 mg/L, 1.27 mg/L, 0.04 mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively. For the concentration for free chlorine in drain water, lake water, tap water and

deionized water are 0.23 mg/L,0.25 mg/L,0.04 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively. Besides, the

concentration of Iron in drain water, lake water, tap water and deionized water are 1.43 mg/L,0.10

mg/L,0.02 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L respectively. As for sulphates, their concentration in drain water, lake

water, tap water and deionized water are 1.90 mg/L, 8.00 mg/L,2.00 mg/L and 7.00 mg/L

respectively and lastly the concentration of phosphorus in drain water, lake water, tap water and

deionized water are 0.66 mg/L,0.30 mg/L,0.02 mg/L and 0.09 mg/L respectively. According to the

Malaysian Water Standard,

Thus, it can be concluded that all the objectives of the experiment had been reached.

basic water properties ii

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