basics matter bits, bytes code multiplexing compression protocols lans
DESCRIPTION
Bits A bit = the smallest unit of information –On or off signals –Analog bits –Digital bitsTRANSCRIPT
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Basics Matter
Bits, Bytes & CodeMultiplexingCompression
Protocols & LANs
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Figure 1.2Noise amplified on the analog line, eliminated on digital service.
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Bits
• A bit = the smallest unit of information– On or off signals– Analog bits– Digital bits
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Bytes
• 8 bits– A character
• Code - bytes in a common format• Examples of ASCII code
– 1110101 W– 1111110 ?– 1011000 Return
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Figure 1.1One cycle of an analog wave, 1 hertz (Hz).
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Broadband
• Multiple simultaneous streams
• Examples– Wireline– Wireless
• Why the growth?– Enterprises– Consumers
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Compression
A way to make networks more efficientAbbreviating text
– Common charactersCompressing video
Not sending stationary objectsMatching compression algorithms at each
end
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Where is Compression used?
Internet
What is its impact?
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Figure 1.3Multiplexing.
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Types of Multiplexing• Time division
Based on strict timingEveryone gets an equal turn
• Statistical divisionFirst come, first servedOr prioritization
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Protocols
• A protocol is a set of rules for communicating between computers.
• Why are they needed?
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Protocol Functions
• Who goes first?• Are you ready?• I got your message
• There are errors• This is a high priority
message• Who is sending?
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How do Protocols Differ?
• HTML & XML• VoIP• Security protocols• Layer 3 vs. Layer 4
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LANs
• Characteristics– Ownership– Limited geography– High speeds– Shared devices
• Devices on LANs• Changes in LANs
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Figure 1.4LAN architecture.
Architecture: how devices fit together in a network.
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Figure 1.5Rack-mounted and chassis-based switches.
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The Work Environment
• How has the way your organization conducts business changed in the last five years?
• Which technologies have enabled these changes?
• What’s next?
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Figure 1.6Home LAN.
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Figure 1.7Edge and core routers.
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Recap A Bit is ____
– Bits sent as analog signals have the following disadvantages:– Bits sent as digital signals the following advantages:
Bytes are: ASCII code is: Multiplexing makes better use of _____ by _____ Compression adds efficiencies to networks by ____ ______ changes the format of what is sent ______ does not change the format of what is transmitted
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Recap Continued
Protocols are important because they: Layers simplify changes because they:
What do we mean by a layer 3 device versus a layer 4 device?
Characteristics of LANs are: Switches perform the following functions: Routers are needed to: Edge devices are more complex than core devices
because they: