basics of chemistry. outline matter atoms structure of atoms elements periodic table reading the...
DESCRIPTION
Matter Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space – Examples -> rock, paper, scissors, lizard, Spock – Can be in 1 of 3 states (forms) Solid Liquid Gas Liquid Solid GasTRANSCRIPT
Basics of Chemistry
Outline• Matter• Atoms• Structure of Atoms• Elements• Periodic Table• Reading the Periodic Table• Compounds• Mixtures
Matter• Matter: anything that has
mass and takes up space– Examples -> rock, paper,
scissors, lizard, Spock–Can be in 1 of 3 states (forms)• Solid• Liquid• Gas
Liquid
SolidGas
Atoms• Atoms: the building blocks of
all matter– All matter is made up of atoms– Atoms are made up of 3 parts
• Protons: have a positive charge• Electrons: have a negative charge• Neutrons: have a neutral charge
– The center of the atom is called the nucleus• Protons and neutrons make up the
nucleus• Electrons are found around the
nucleus
Structure of Atoms
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Elements• Element: anything that cannot be broken down
into simpler substances– Made up of only 1 kind of atom• The element oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms, the
element hydrogen is made up of only hydrogen atoms– 99% of all living matter is made up of 6 elements• Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O),
Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S)
Elements– Each element has its own characteristics• Can be a solid, liquid, or gas• Can have a unique color• Can have a unique odor
Periodic Table• Periodic table: chart used to organize the
elements based on their characteristics
Reading the Periodic Table
• Symbol: abbreviation for element name– 1st letter is capitalized ; 2nd letter is lowercase
• Atomic number: number of protons• Atomic weight: average number of protons and neutrons
Atomic number
Element Name
Element Symbol
Atomic Weight
Compounds• Compound: 2 or more types of elements
joined together chemically–Have properties (characteristics) different from
the parts that make them up–Very hard to separate back into the original
parts
Table Sugar - C12H22O11
Compounds–All compounds have formulas that tell which
elements are in them• Tells the number of atoms of each element in the
compound• Example -> H20 is water ; H2O2 is peroxide
–Must have the exact elements and numbers from the formula to have that compound
How to Read Compound Formulas
• This is the formula for water– Shows that water is made up of 2 Hydrogen
atoms and 1 Oxygen atom
H2OElement Symbol Element Symbol
Tells how many atoms
Mixtures• Mixture: a combination of substances in which
the individual substances keep their own properties (characteristics)– Combined together physically not chemically– Fairly easy to separate back into original substances– No formulas or amounts of the substances– Examples -> salt and pepper, saltwater, chex mix, sandwich