basics of geography
DESCRIPTION
Basics of Geography. Does yours look like this?. Arctic Ocean. Europe. Asia. NA. Atlantic Ocean. Africa. Pacific Ocean. SA. Indian Ocean. Pacific Ocean. Australia. Antartica. Other Regions of the World. Pacific Rim (Ring of Fire). Middle East/ SW Asia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Basics of Geography
Does yours look like this?
NA
SA
Africa
EuropeAsia
Australia
Antartica
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Other Regions of the World
Sub Sahara AfricaCentral America / Latin America
Middle East/ SW Asia
SE Asia
Pacific Rim (Ring of Fire)
• “We are all bound by our geography. It helps dictate who we are and who we become”
What does geography influence?
• Job• Activities• Foods• Clothing• Language• Music• Interests• Culture
What is cultural diffusion?
Cultural Diffusion
• The spread of ideas, language, religion, and technology from one place to another
Examples
• Pizza• Chinese Food• Uggs• Playstation• Tim Hortons
The People of Social Studies
People of Social Studies
• Political Scientist – Person who studies governments and their relationships
Anthropologist
• Person who studies cultures
Archaeologist
• Person who studies artifacts and bones of different cultures
Economist
• One who studies resources and how they are used
Geographer
• One that studies geographical features and their impact on history
Types of Maps
Activity: On a scrap piece of paper draw a map
of the world
Political Map
• Shows borders and capitals as well as major cities
Topographic Map
• Shows landforms and physical features of area
Cartogram Map• Shows the size of a country or area based
upon what is being measured
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude
• Measures North and South from Equator (0 Degrees)
Longitude
• Measures East and West from Prime Meridian (0 Degrees)
Hemisphere
• Hemi = Half
• Earth can be split 2 ways, either by using Equator or by using Prime Meridian
If Split by Equator…
• We get the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
If Split by Prime Meridian
• We get the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
Sources
Sources in Social studies
• Primary Source – Came from the time in which the person was living
• Examples: Diary, journal, autobiography
• Ex. A book about Adolf Hitler written in 1940.
Secondary Source
• A book or material written by someone not in that time period.
• Example: Biography
• Ex. Mr. Russell writing a book about Adolf Hitler
Why does cultural diffusion happen?
• Trade• Communication• Forced/ Conquering
If you could live anywhere in the world, were would it
be? Why?
Importance of Water
• Why do we need water?
– To live– To drink – To clean– For crops– For travel
Water in regard to geography• It can bring places together
link them Ex. Japan, Korea and China
• Or it keep them apart• Europe and America till
1400’s
Coastlines
Irregular Coastlines
• Jagged Coastline– Good for bays, harbors, trade!!
Examples
Regular Coastline
• Smooth coastline– No bays, harbors– Hinders trade
Examples
Mountain Ranges
Or, the good, the bad, and the ugly
European Mountains: Not a Problem
• Pyrenees divide but do not isolate
• Alps - highest range, central southern Europe
• Apennines, Dinaric, Balkans, Carpathians do not isolate
• Kjolen Mts.• Borders: Caucasus and Urals• Irregular Coast and
Navigable Rivers lessen isolation
Latin American Mountains
• The Andes• Altiplano• Sierra Madres• Central Mexican
Plateau
VERTICAL CLIMATE
• At Sea Level, Tropical Fruits and Crops Grown
• Temperate Vegetables, Coffee at higher zone
• Cold Zone: Potatoes• Vertical Climate allows
a variety of goods and trade among regions.
Middle East-Desert and Plateaus
• TURKEY: THE ANATOLIAN PLATEAU
• THE IRANIAN PLATEAU (dry)
• Saudi “Empty Quarter”• Most Live Near Fertile
Crescent, Nile, or Coast.
Africa:Vast Plateau, Poor Soil
• ATLAS MOUNTAINS• DRAKENSBURG
MOUNTAINS• RUWENZORI Mts.• GREAT RIFT
VALLEY• Rivers do not unite
continent
ISOLATION
• The Andes isolate Chile from Argentina and slowed their wars
• The Chinese and Indians have developed separate cultures due to their isolation
How do mountains affect people?• Isolate people – create borders
– STOP CULTURAL DIFFUSION!!!!
• Lack arable (Farming) land• Natural Defense (Buffer Zone)• Separate people (Balkans in
Europe)• Colder due to vertical climate
(lower population)
Deserts
Deserts
• Isolate People = little Cultural diffusion• Few Resources• Buffer Zone• Little to no arable land
Desertification
• Spreading of the desert
Deforestation
• Cutting down of rain forests
Why do they cut?
• It is a way to get money in areas that lack resources
Results
• Land becomes non arable wasteland• Loss of species• Loss of land and homes for natives that live
in forests
Poland: A case study• Located on Easter
European Plain = – Flat Land
Flat Land = Easily invadedEx. Germany, Russia throughout history
Russia• No
warm water port = hurts trade
Developed vs Developing countriesDeveloped = Blue