basics of mount fuji
TRANSCRIPT
The Basics
The Basics
Connecting the mountain
with popular culture
Everyone likes Ninja!
Todays Speaking ExercisesBasics Pairs (Global)Basics Pairs (Local)Try to do bothTake your timeClick (touch) on Finish Quiz Button
Geological
Artistic
Sacred
Cultural
People often like to discuss the basicsHow did Mount Fuji get that way?Whats going to happen?How does it relate to other Japanese things?
Mount Fuji (old Fuji) has been active at least 100,000 yearsNearby activity (Komitake) goes back about 700,000 yearsProbably something before thatVolcanic activity in the area for millions of years
Young Fuji is covering everything
Young Fuji is about 11,000 years old
Very young
700,000 years ago
Older Fuji on top of Komitake
Then younger Fuji on top of everything
Lets get this into perspectiveWhats really happening here?
Space
The Final Frontier (Maybe)
Space is big
Really big
How big?You think its a long way from the university to FamilymartSpace is not like thatWere talking about a REALLY LONG WAY!
Space goes on forever
Literally forever!!
Unimaginable
Earth is basically a big ball
flying around in space!
Scary
Were flying around the Sun
The Sun is a star
Stars are huge balls of burning gas
The Sun is about 150 million kilometers away!
You dont want to get too close!
150,000,000 kilometersOne hundred and fifty million kilometersYou think its a long way from your apartment to TsurubunkadaigakumaeekiThe distance to the Sun is different
And we orbit the Sun
Once a year!
In December, were over here!
In June were over there!
But what does over here and over there mean in Space?
You dont need a spaceship
We are flying at about
30 kilometers per second!!
But the Sun (in fact the whole solar system) is traveling around the Milky Way at a speed of 220 kilometers per second!
Furthest rocket flight from Earth?
About 400,000 kilometers
So spaceship flights .. have only gone .. very tiny distances.
The center of the Earth
About 6,300 kilometers down
Nobody has ever been down there
We HAVE drilled down some way
But only about 12 kilometers
Only 12 kilometers out of 6,300 kilometers
Why stop at 12 kilometers?
It gets really, really, really, hot!
Either way you look
Up or down
Fire
We walk around on the crust
The crust is cool
So we can walk around on it
The Mantle is HOT!
500 to 900 near the crust!
4000 near the core!
Thats hot!If you think your room gets hot in July with no air conditioner under the ground is different!
Everything melts down there!
Harder near the surface
But everything melts!
Except right in the center
Pressure is so great, it cannot melt!
The outer shell is broken into different parts
Tectonic Plates
Like a soccer ball
Plates are like panels
Except these plates move around
Pull away from each other
Pushing
Forcing one under
Magma rises up
Melted (or semi-melted) rock
Lava is magma that comes out of the ground
What happens where plates meet?
Lots of earthquakes
And volcanoes
So if you live near these plates
You have a problem!
Places with more than one plate
Have an even bigger problem
Especially as the plates TEND to move!
Pushing plates under
Forcing magma up
Pushing up magma
Sometimes pulling away
But often pushing
Forcing one under
Magma rises up
Earthquakes and volcanoes
Subduction zones
Obduction and subduction
Ring of Fire
Mount FujiTriple JunctionThe Amurian Plate (west)The Okhotsk Plate (east)Philippine Sea Plate
Western JapanEastern JapanIzu Peninsula
Okhotsk Plate
Amurian Plate
Philippine Plate
Eurasian Plate
Lincoln Cathedral 800 years old
Gloucester Cathedral 1400 years old
Of course! No problem in Britain
Nothing moving
Okhotsk Plate
Amurian Plate
Philippine Plate
Major volcanoes in Japan
Over 100 ACTIVE volcanoes!
10% of the worlds active volcanoes!
Compare with California
About 20% of the worlds earthquakes in Japan!!
Lots of earthquakes and volcanoes
Nankai earthquakes
Happen every 100 years or so
Could happen again any time
What if theres a huge one
in Tokyo Bay?
Try not to think about it.
But if youre in Odaiba
and you hear the siren...
Run!
How about the basics of culture?
Another conversation point
Very very Japanese
Ninja were military specialists
spies etc.
Sengoku Period ()1467 - 1603
Everyone fighting everyone else!
Ended with unification under the Tokugawa Shogunate
Start of the Edo Period
During the warring period, new ways of fighting developed
New weapons
Social upheaval
The old Samurai values were not enough
Mountain areas were the best
training grounds for Ninja
Mie and Shiga Prefectures most famous
Training in villages
running to the mountains when necessary
Takeda Shingen: legendary ruler
Takeda Shingen: legendary ruler
Kai Province ()
Roughly equivalent to Yamanashi
Takeda Shingen made great use of Ninja
As scouts
As arsonists
As spies
As terrorists
Masters of disguise
So the mountains
were a place of retreat
Holy people
Training the mind
Enlightenment
But also training the body
They sometimes had to be ready to fight
Extreme physical rigor
A path to power
Extreme mental rigor
Mental and physical discipline
Not just Japan, of course
Mystical ideas trickled back to the Samurai class
Villages near mountain retreats
Mountains as places of military and spiritual training
Magical powers
Honor? Or survival?