basics of organic chemistry. explain that there are many organic compounds because carbon atoms can...
TRANSCRIPT
Basics of Organic Chemistry
• explain that there are many organic compounds because carbon atoms can form four bonds
• recall the formulae of methane, ethane, propane, ethene and propene, and draw the structures of their molecules.
By the end of these two pages you should be able to:
C2.5.1 Targets
Basics of Organic Chemistry
‘Organic’
carbon atom
hydrogen atom
carbon atom
oxygen atomhydrogen atom
carbon atom
oxygen atomhydrogen atom
nitrogen atom
carbon atom
oxygen atomhydrogen atom
nitrogen atom
carbon atom
oxygen atomhydrogen atom
nitrogen atom
sulphur atom
carbon atom
oxygen atomhydrogen atom
nitrogen atom
carbon atom
oxygen atom
hydrogen atom
nitrogen atom
sulphur atom
all are non-metals
Organic Compounds
CARBON
Organic Compounds
What is so special about carbon?
• forms 4 bonds with other non-metals and itself
so, form molecules with…chains,
branches,
rings of atoms
Organic Compounds
alkanes
Important families of hydrocarbons
alkenes
carbon atoms joined to each other by SINGLE bonds to form chainse.g. propane
two of the carbon atoms in the molecule joined to each other by a DOUBLE bonde.g. butene
Organic CompoundsDrawing simplified molecular structures
C C C
H
H
H
H H
H
H H
1. Write the correct number of C’s in a line
2. Draw a bond between each carbon atom
3. Add enough bonds so that each C has four4. Write an H on the end of each bond
a DISPLAYED formula
C3H8
a MOLECULAR formula
e.g. PROPANE, an alkane
in an alkane the number of H’s is always 2xC’s + 2
Organic CompoundsDrawing simplified molecular structures
C C C C
1. Write the correct number of C’s in a line
2. Draw a DOUBLE bond between two of the C’s and a single bond between the other carbon atoms
3. Add enough bonds so that each C has four4. Write an H on the end of each bond
H
H H H
H H
H
H
C4H8
e.g. BUTENE, an alkene
in an alkene the number of H’s is always 2xC’s
Organic CompoundsDrawing simplified molecular structures
C C C C
1. Write the correct number of C’s in a line
2. Draw a DOUBLE bond between two of the C’s and a single bond between the other carbon atoms
3. Add enough bonds so that each C has four4. Write an H on the end of each bond
H
H H H
H H
H
H
C4H8
e.g. PENTANE, an alkane
in an alkene the number of H’s is always 2xC’s
C