basics of pumpkin production - purdue university …...department of horticulture and landscape...
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Liz Maynard [email protected] of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityJanuary 8, 2019Illiana Vegetable Growers SymposiumSchererville, IN
Basics of Pumpkin Production
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•Site Selection•Soil Fertility•Stand Establishment•Weed Management• Irrigation•Harvest/Postharvest
Today’s Topics
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mwveguide.org
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•Well-drained•Good air movement•Unshaded•No history of Phytophthora capsici•At least 2 years since other cucurbits
Site Selection
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Maintenance Zones •pH 6.0 – 6.8•Phosphorus (P): 45-80 ppm•Potassium (K): •CEC 4: 85-105 ppm•CEC 12: 105-135 ppm
Calcium (Ca): if pH is ok, Ca level is probably ok
Soil Fertility – pH and Nutrient Levels
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Report Number
F16200-0303Account Number
98487
To: PURDUE UNIVERSITY600 VALE PARK RDVALPARAISO, IN 46383-2545
Farm: PPACField: HT1-C, HT2-C
Date Received: 7/18/2016Attn: LIZ MAYNARD SOIL TEST REPORT Date Reported: 7/20/2016 Page: 1 of 1
Organic Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Calcium Sodium Percent Cation SaturationSample Lab Soil Buffer CECK Mg Ca NaMatter Bray-1 Equiv Bray P2ID Number ppm ppm ppm ppm pH pH meq/100g% ppm-P ppm-P % K % Mg % Ca % H % Na
1607131C 14183 1.7 214 VH 133 M 220 VH 850 M 14 VL 6.8 6.7 5.1 27.4 63.6 3.0 0.9 1607132C 14184 1.8 110 VH 120 M 195 VH 800 M 14 VL 6.7 7.0 6.0 5.1 27.1 66.7 1.0
VL = Very Low L = Low M = Medium H = High VH = Very High
Sulfur Zinc Manganese Iron Copper Boron Soluble Nitrate Ammonium Bicarb-PSample S Zn Mn Fe Cu B Salts NO3-N NH4-N P CommentsID ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm mmhos/cm ppm ppm ppm
1607131C 16 H 5.8 H 44 H 97 VH 1.9 H 0.3 VL 0.1 VL 1607132C 15 H 4.7 M 52 VH 53 VH 1.7 H 0.2 VL 0.1 VL
A&L-R
Warncke et al. 2004
pp. 12-23
Per ton of fruit, pumpkins contain about 4 lb. N1.2 lb. P2O56.8 lb. K2O
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•Magnesium (Mg): None needed if•Sandy soil: >35 ppm•Fine soil: >50 ppm•≥ 3% of exchange capacity•Mg saturation more than K
•Sulfur (S): deficiency most likely on sandy soils low in organic matter•Manganese (Mn): if soil pH>6.5 apply
foliar manganese at 0.5 to 1 lb. Mn/A
Soil Fertility – pH and Nutrient Levels, cont.
Purdue University is an equal access/equal opportunity institution.Warncke et al. 2004
pp. 14-15
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•Total 40 to 80 lb./A of Nitrogen• Take credit for previous crop, compost,
manures, soil organic matter•Apply 40 lb./A before or at planting•Banding at seeding
•Apply remainder in one or more applications beginning before vining•Presidedress nitrate test can help
determine need for sidedressing•Sources: Urea, UAN, Legume green
manure
Nitrogen Recommendations for Pumpkins
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p. 114
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•Plant Population
•Vine size•Cultivation equipment• In-row : affects fruit size more
•Planting Date
Stand Establishment
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Row In-rowFt2/plt Plts/A4 2 8 54455 2 10 43566 2 12 36306 3 18 24206 4 24 18157 4 28 15568 4 32 1361
p. 114
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Soil temp > 60°FAir temp > 50°FLate May to Mid-June,
depending on harvest dateEarly July transplant for Oct. harvest?
Stand Establishment – Planting Date
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Pumpkins after Wheat in N. IndianaPlant July 13, Harvest Oct. 28. 2004
Pumpkin Yield by Planting Date
b b
b
a
a a
a ab
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Uniform depthGood soil contactClosed furrowMoisturePrevent crustingEven spacingManage rodents
Stand Establishment – Direct Seeding
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Young seedlings• 1 true leaf• 3 wks old• 50-cell trays work wellCover root ball wellWater in
Stand Establishment – Transplanting
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Magic Lantern and Gold Medal, 3 irrigation treatments, Wanatah, IN Planted June 4, 2004
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Weed Management
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p. 129
p. 132Stale seedbedHerbicides•Burndown or Directed/Shielded: glyphosate, gramoxone, Aim•Pre-emergence: Curbit, Dual Magnum*, Strategy, trifluralin*,
Sandea•Post-emergence broadleaves: Sandea•Post-emergence grasses: Poast, clethodim
(Select Max, etc.)CultivationMulch
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Flowers open for less than a dayPollinators necessary:
Honey beesNative squash beesBumble bees
Minimize stress:Weeds (shade)High temperatureLack of waterHerbicide injury
Avoid too much nitrogen
Fruit Set
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female
male
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Critical Periods• Establishment• Flowering, fruit setHot and sunny: pumpkins use 0.25
acre-inch/day, or 6,788 gal.Irrigate before
50% of AWCHis gone
Irrigation
p. 28
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Monthly Ave. Temp (°F, top) and Rainfall (in.), June-Sept. 2004
Yield increase ~ 10% with frequent irrigation(irrigate when 12 in. depth at 20 kPa)
0 to 18% increase in average pumpkin weight, depending on cultivar
Drip Irrigation - N. Indiana Trials on Sandy Loam Magic Lantern and Gold Medal direct-seeded,
and transplanted Wanatah, IN 2004
a a a
c bc b
b b a
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Harvest fully mature fruitHarvest from healthy vinesCut stems longStand fruit uprightBrush off soilWash only if necessary
Storage:Dry, off ground if possibleProtect from frostProtect from hot sun
Harvest and Postharvest
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